• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.615-623
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• 2009

Games are usually composed with several units such as monsters, weapons etc.. There are often intransitive relationships between units, like the one among rock, scissors and paper. Intransitive relationships guarantee the variation of strategy choices while playing. But AIs in many games have been ignored intransitive relationships because decision making with those relationships is complex to model. This paper suggests how to use intransitive relationships to modify influence map. With the modified influence map game AI can make a different decision to win the game. With path-finding technique, this paper shows that the modified influence map makes AI's behaviors better.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.48-59
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• 1998

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.251-266
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• 2002

This paper aims to compare and analyse the pattern of the pitch accent realization between the English native speakers and the .Korean speakers, using the sentences by the scope of focus including intransitive verbs; unaccusative, unergative, and passive, based on the previous studies. The results show that the English native speakers produce the intonational patterns similar to the previous study (Hoskins, 1996), which showed that English native speakers deaccented after the focused word for unaccusative and passive verbs in broad focus. Korean speakers, however, have a tendency not to deaccent after the focused word for both verbs. In the narrow subject focus condition, Koreans do not deaccent the verbs after the focused subject. In the narrow verb focus condition, they produce the pitch accent on verbs as the English native speakers do, but they tend to produce the pitch accent on subjects that should not be given any pitch accent. Therefore, unlike the English native speakers, the Korean speakers have a tendency not only that they do not produce three types of intransitive verbs with proper intonation, but also that they do not realize the focus structure itself properly.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.69-89
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• 2006

This study investigated whether and how semantic nature of intransitive verbs can be related to the L2 overpassivization errors. A total of 126 Korean high school students participated in a grammaticality judgment test on English sentences in which seven semantically different types of intransitive verbs were passivized. The results showed that there was an effect of semantic type on the students' judgment on overpassivization errors. Overall, it was shown that the students experienced the lowest degree of difficulty with the Controlled Process-Motional type verbs while experiencing the high degree of difficulty with the Change of State, Existence of State, Continuation of Pre-existing State, and Uncontrolled Process types. Two interlanguage patterns were also identified: the students at higher proficiency level and those at lower-proficiency level showed distinctive patterns on the task. It was argued that the simple dichotomy of unaccusative-unergative distinction does not suffice for the explanation of the complex phenomenon of L2 overpassivization.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

In this paper I applies Borer (1993)'s way of classifying English intransitive action verbs such as 'run', walk, among many others, to the corresponding Korean intransitive action verbs such as 'tali-ta' and 'keət-ta', and show how they are different from - or similar with - each other in terms of syntactic structures and verb classification. Unlike the English verb 'run' which can be classified into an unaccusative verb as well as an unergative verb in Borer's theory, the corresponding Korean verbs 'tali-ta' or 't'wi-ta' can behave not only as an unergative and unauucsative verb, but also it can behave as a transitive verb. Though Borer's perspective on classification of verb types may be thought of as somewhat radical mostly due to its heavy dependency on aspectual representation of a whole sentence which a verb is just part of, it is clearly suggesting a new and great insight into the controversial topic of classification of verb types. So it is worth adopting this insightful perspective for the analysis of corresponding Korean verbs and seeing if it also works for the Korean ones.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1993

Pitman-Intransitive triples of estimators are constructed, based on prior work on equivariant estimators and prior work on shrinkage.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 1989

Many Traditional Algebraic Analyses of preference and choice for a finite set of alternatives have been based on binary choices. They have assumed that the binary preference information given by a decision maker is transitive. However, there is considerable evidence that many relations that might occur as preference relations cannot be presented as transitive relations. To construct transitive binary comparisons from intransitive ones, we suggest the notion of superior set, which helps us to understand the structure of intransitive binary comparisons. We also provide a heuristic method to construct transitive binary comparisons. And some merits merits of the suggested method over the existing methods are also discussed.

• Language and Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.49-65
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• 2007

Since Perlmutter (1978) proposed the Unaccusativity Hypothesis, the past two decades have seen a flourish of studies investigating the potential validity of unaccusativity in Korean. The central contentious issues have been whether unaccusativity can also be assumed in Korean, and, if so, what criteria could be proposed to discern the unaccusativity among various predicates. In this paper, several suggestions made theoretically and experimentally to address the semantic and/or syntactic distinction of the two types of Korean intransitive predicates are critically reviewed and evaluated from the standpoint that there is a close correlation between syntax and lexical semantics of intransitives. It is proposed, then, that the Korean unaccusativity can be reliably differentiated through the combined semantic criteria of [${\pm}$agentive] and [${\pm}$active]. In addition, case alternations in long form negation constructions are shown to be the most reliable and valid syntactic criteria for testing Korean unaccusatives.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.172-187
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• 2021

In remote villages without access to modern IT technology, simple devices such as smartcards can be used to carry out business transactions. These devices typically store multiple business applications from multiple vendors. Although devices must prevent malicious or accidental security breaches among the applications, a secure communication channel between two applications from different vendors is often required. In this paper, first, we propose a method of establishing secure communication channels between applications in embedded operating systems that run on multi-applet smart cards. Second, we enforce the high assurance using an intransitive noninterference security policy. Thirdly, we formalize the method through the Z language and create the formal specification of the proposed secure system. Finally, we verify its correctness using Rushby's unwinding theorem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2007

전략 게임은 여러 종류의 유닛 (Unit)이 존재한다. 각각의 유닛은 특정 유닛에 대해 강한 면모를 보이기도 하고, 또 다른 종류의 유닛에게는 약한 면모를 가지고 있다. 이를 유닛간의 상성이라고 한다. 상성은 전략적 선택을 하는데 기반이 되고, 심리전을 유발하여 보다 게임에 몰입할 수 있게 해준다. 게임 인공지능이 상성을 고려하도록 하기 위해 각각의 유닛 간에 수치화된 상성 정보가 필요하다. 그리고 생성된 수치 자료를 토대로 유닛의 행동방법을 결정할 인공 지능도 필요하게 된다. 다음 행동 및 이동을 위해 주로 사용되는 방법은 영향력 분포도(influence map)이다. 영향력 분포도는 자신과 상대방의 세력을 수치적으로 파악하는 것이다. 하지만 일반적인 형태의 영향력 분포도로는 각 유닛간의 상성을 표현하기 힘들다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 영향력 분포도를 상성에 맞게 보정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하여 인공지능이 지능적인 행동을 하도록 돕는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 길 찾기 문제에 적용하여 전략적 이동경로를 선택하는 방법을 제시하였다.