• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.791-799
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• 2005

The phased isolation intra-clarifier ditch system used in this study is a simplified novel process enhancing simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater in terms of elimination of additional pre-anaerobic reactor, external clarifier, recycle of sludge, and nitrified effluent recirculation by employing intrachannel clarifier. Laboratory-scale phased isolation ditch system was used to assess the treatability on municipal wastewater. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31days, and cycle times of 2~8hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 70~84%, and 65~90%, respectively. The rainfall in Korea is generally concentrated in summer because of site-specific characteristics. Especially, the wet season has set in on June to August. In combined sewers, seasonal variations are primarily a function of the amount of stormwater that enters the system. In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic shock loading on system performance, the laboratory-scale system was operated at an HRT of 6hours (two times of influent flowrate) during two cycles (8hours). The system performance slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT. Nitrification efficiency and TN removal were slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate (decreasing of system HRT), whereas, the denitrification was not affected by hydraulic shock loading. However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the phased isolation technology for enhanced biological nutrient removal in medium- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.79-100
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the market power of the Korea Container Shipping Market (Intra Asia, Korea-Europe, and Korea-U.S.) to verify the existence of collusion empirically, and to answer whether the joint actions of liner market participants in Korea have formed market dominance for each route. Precisely, it will be verified through the Lerner index as to whether the regional market of Asia is a monopoly, oligopoly, or perfect competition. Design/methodology - This study used a Lerner index adjusted with elasticity presented in the New Imperial Organization (NEIO) studies. NEIO refers to a series of empirical studies that estimate parameters to judge market power from industrial data. This study uses B-L empirical models by Bresnahan (1982) and Lau (1982). In addition, NEIO research data statistically contain self-regression and stability problems as price and time series data. A dynamic model following Steen and Salvanes' Error Correction Model was used to solve this problem. Findings - The empirical results are as follows. First, λ, representing market power, is nearly zero in all three markets. Second, the Korean shipping market shows low demand elasticity on average. Nevertheless, the markup is low, a characteristic that is difficult to see in other industries. Third, the Korean shipping market generally remains close to perfect competition from 2014 to 2022, but extreme market power appears in a specific period, such as COVID-19. Fourth, there was no market power in the Intra Asia market from 2008 to 2014. Originality/value - Doubts about perfect competition in the liner market continued, but there were few empirical cases. This paper confirmed that the Korea liner market is a perfect competition market. This paper is the first to implement dynamics using ECM and recursive regression to demonstrate market power in the Korean liner market by dividing the shipping market into Deep Sea and Intra Asia separately. It is also the first to prove the most controversial problems in the current shipping industry numerically and academically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

Background: this study was designed to estimate whether specific risk factors could increase the postoperative complication rate of pneumonectomy for chronic complicated inf-lammatory lung disease. Material and Method: Eighty-five patients underwent pneumon-ectomy for chronic complicated inflammatory lung disease(tuberculosis, 67 ; bronchiecasis 11; aspergio- losis, 4; others, 3) between January 1991 and August 1998. We performed a univariated statistical analysis to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with postoperative complications, Result: There was no operative mortality. There were a total of 18 postoperative complications(22.2%) Bronchopleural fistula(BPF) and empyema occurred in 5(5.9%) and 2(2.4%) respectively. General complication rate was significantly higher in patients with right-sided pneumonectomy(p=.029) extrapleural pneu-monectomy(p=.009) and intraoperative pleural spillage due to cavity or lesion perforation (p=.004). The prevalence of BPF and empyema was higher in patients with right sided pneumonectomy(p=.007) extrapleural pneumonectomy(p=.015) and intraoperative pl- eural spillage due to cavity or lesion perforation(p=.003) which is as the same results as gen-eral complication rate. Conclusion: The postoperative complication rate of pneumone-ctomy for chronic complicated lung disease is accptably low. But it is increase in patients with right sided pneumonectomy extrapleural pneumonectomy and intraoperative pleural spillage due to cavity or lesion perforation. therefore more careful and meticulous intra-operatve management are needed in right sided extrapleural pneumonectomy without intra- pleural spillage.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.3165-3181
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• 2019

Spherical videos, which are also called 360-degree videos, have become increasingly popular due to the rapid development of virtual reality technology. However, the large amount of data in such videos is a huge challenge for existing transmission system. To use the existing encode framework, it should be converted into a 2D image plane by using a specific projection format, e.g. the equi-rectangular projection (ERP) format. The existing high-efficiency video coding standard (HEVC) can effectively compress video content, but its enormous computational complexity makes the time spent on compressing high-frame-rate and high-resolution 360-degree videos disproportionate to the benefits of compression. Focusing on the ERP format characteristics of 360-degree videos, this work develops a fast decision algorithm for predicting the coding unit depth interval and adaptive mode decision for intra prediction mode. The algorithm makes full use of the video characteristics of the ERP format by dealing with pole and equatorial areas separately. It sets different reference blocks and determination conditions according to the degree of stretching, which can reduce the coding time while ensuring the quality. Compared with the original reference software HM-16.16, the proposed algorithm can reduce time consumption by 39.3% in the all-intra configuration, and the BD-rate increases by only 0.84%.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2019

This article explored the status of E-Government initiative in developing countries by taking the case of Ethiopia. The study had analyzed the practice, challenges and the future prospect of the E-Government initiative in the country. The paper had used both secondary and primary sources of data. In identifying the practice and future prospects of the E-Government imitative, related works in the area were reviewed and appraised. In ascertaining the major challenges, structured and semi-structured interviews were carried out with selected stakeholders from the government office and the private sector. The result of the study had shown that the country had registered a promising progress in E-Government index in the past four years ranking at 157th in the year 2014, which was standing at 172nd in the year 2012. Above all, high- level political commitment and the design of specific actions plans that are linked to the national sustainable development priorities were the key success factors. Nevertheless, there are still enormous challenges that have to be tackled for citizens to drive the benefits arising from the implementation of E-Government initiative. The study had identified limited cross-sectoral connectivity, lack of intra-organizational connectivity, low human resource capacity, language barrier, lack of awareness and absence of appropriate legal and regulatory framework as major challenges. Finally, the study forwarded constructive suggestion that can be adopted in the way forward of the E-Government initiative.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

느타리버섯류의 새로운 품목을 개발하기 위하여 고온기에 재배하기 알맞은 분홍느타리 품종 을 개발하였다. 단포자를 분리하고 균사접합 방법을 이용하여 분홍느타리 4개 계통에 의한 5개 교잡조합으로 125개의 교잡주를 육성하였다. 이중에서 $2186{\times}2104$의 교잡주 25개중에서 3개의 백색 자실체 교잡주가 나타났다. 특성이 우수한 2172와 2104를 교잡하여 수량이 높고 색깔 등 품질이 우수한 Pss 2006-420호를 선발하여 새로운 품종 '노을'을 육성하였다. 주요 특성으로 균사배양 최적온도는 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, 버섯발생 온도는 $19{\sim}24^{\circ}C$, 자실체 생육온도는 $19{\sim}24^{\circ}C$로 원기형성을 위하여 저온처리가 필요하지 않으며 여름철을 중심으로 늦봄부터 이른 가을까지 재배하기에 알맞은 품종이다. 자실체의 갓 색깔은 분홍색이며 자실체 형태는 다발형으로 기존에 보급되지 않은 새로운 종의 품종이다. 균사체 배양기간은 30-35일이며 균긁기 후 초발이소요일수는 3~5일, 생육일수는 5~10일로 온도가 높을수록 단축된다. 자실체 형태는 깔때기형이며 유효경수는 병당 47개, 대굵기는 11.3mm로 다른 느타리 종에 비해 가늘고, 개체중은 3.5g으로 갓이 얇고 수량은 병당 (850ml) $102.2{\pm}8.2g$이다. 품질을 높게 하려면 재배온도를 $19-22^{\circ}C$로 다소 낮은 생육온도에서 관리하는 것이 좋다. 재배 배지가 달라지거나 자실체가 너무 크게 생육하면 질겨지는 경향이 있고 담자포자의 비산량이 많은 편이다. 기존의 다른 느타리와는 달리 자실체 색깔이 분홍색으로 꽃과 같이 아주 아름답다. 특히 최근에 색깔이 다양한 웰빙식품이 각광을 받음에 따라 버섯의 칼러화가 요구되고 있다. 이러한 분홍느타리는 시각적 효과가 뚜렷하여 버섯요리 개발과 판촉행사 등에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 궁극적으로는 새로운 버섯의 수요 창출로 농가소득에 이바지 하게 될 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

The author undertook PCR-founded genetic platform to investigate the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances of one razor clam population, particularly for Solen corneus, which was further associated with those of the other clam population, by engaging with the precisely designed oligonucleotide primer sets. Seven oligonucleotides primers were used producing a total of 639 counted bands in population A and 595 in population B, respectively, ranging in size of DNA fragments from larger than approximately 50 bp to less than 1,100 bp. Their primers generated 39 specific fragments (6.10%) in population A and 47 (7.90%) in population B, respectively Comparatively, individuals of one razor clam population were fairly related to that of the other clam population, as shown in the hierarchical dendrogram of Euclidean genetic distances. The analysis of genetic variation between razor clam populations could offer important statistics for fisheries and mariculture. Generally the results showed specific and/or conserved genetic loci between razor clam populations. Specific markers established by the author will be valuable for the genetic analysis, species protection and increase of razor clam individuals in coastal region of the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

RAPD, Inter-SSR, and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of lettuce cultivars and the phylogenetic relationships in Lactuca spp. A total of 216 polymorphic bands from seven RAPD primers, four Inter-SSR primers, and five AFLP primer combinations were used to elucidate the genetic similarity among lettuce cultivars. Forty-four lettuce accessions were subdivided into discrete branches according to plant type: crisphead, butterhead, and stem type, with some exceptions. The leafy- and cos-type accessions were intermingled in other groups with no discrete branch indicating that these are more diverse than others. Three accessions, including the Korean cultivar 'Cheongchima', the Korean local landrace 'Jinjam', and the German cultivar 'Lolla Rossa' were classified as the most diverse accessions. Twenty bands were unique in specific cultivars. Among these, three were specific in a plant type; one in Korean leafy type, one in crisphead type, and one in cos type lettuce. In the phylogenetic analysis among Lactuca species, L. saligna, L. serriola, and L. georgica clustered in a sister branch of the L. sativa complex. Two L. virosa accessions show the highest intra-specific relationships. L. perennis outlied from all the other Lactuca species at a genetic similarity of 0.53 and clustered with two Cichorium species, C. intybus and C. endivia, with genetic similarity of 0.67. The phylogenetic tree was supported by data from polymorphism of chloroplast genome which was revealed by PCR-RFLP.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 ASIP(Application Specific Instruction-set Processor) 기반의 실시간 H.264/AVC 구현 가능한 VSIP(Video Specific Instruction-set Processor) 을 제안한다. 제안한 VSIP은 H.264/AVC의 화면 내 예측, 디블록킹 필터, 정수 변환 등 새로운 기능들을 효율적으로 지원하기 위한 전용의 하드웨어 구조와 명령어를 가지고 있다. 또한 화면 간 예측 및 엔트로피 코딩과 같이 연산량이 많은 부분은 하드웨어 가속기로 만들어 연산 처리 속도 및 효율을 높였다. VSIP은 H.264/AVC에 적합한 하드웨어 구조와 명령어를 통해 기존의 디지털 신호처리 프로세서보다 작은 크기를 가지며, 메모리 접근 횟수를 줄여 전력 소비를 감소시켰다. 제안한 VSIP을 이용하여 실시간 영상 신호처리를 할 수 있으며, 다양한 프로파일과 표준을 지원할 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1981

면역학적인 방법을 사용하여 가돈 여포액내의 특이단백질의 존재여부와 이들을 추출하여 난자성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 가돈 혈청 및 혈장에는 존재하지 않는 면역학적으로 특이한 두 단백질이 가돈 여포액내에서 검출되었다. 2. 이들 두 단백질은 전기영동적으로 각각 fast alpha-I globulin 과 beta-globulin 의 이동성을 나타냈다. 3. 이들 두 단백질은 생쥐 여포난자의 성숙을 억제시켰다. 본 실험의 결과로 미루어 가돈 여포액내에는 난자성숙을 억제시키는 특이단백질이 존재하는 것으로 사료된다.