• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The present study was undertaken to identify the species of nematodes and determine infection state of small intestinal nematodes from dogs in Taegu area. One hundred and eleven healthy dogs which were 8 months old or more were examined by means of autopsy from September to November, 1993. All of the worms in small intestine were collected and preserved in 10% formalin solution. The worms were cleared in the lactophenol solution and examined by stereomicroscope and lightmicroscope. The result obtained were summarized as follows : Fifty three dogs(47.7%) out of the 111 experimental dogs were infected with small intestinal nematodes. Hookworm infection was recognized in 30(27.7%) dogs. All of the hookworms were identified morphologically as Ancylostoma caninum which had 3 pairs of ventral teeth, a pair of triangular dorsal teeth and a pair of centrolateral teeth. No Uncinaria stenocephala infection was detectable. Roundworm infection was recognized in 37(33.3%) dogs. Twenty one(18.9%) dogs were infected with Toxascaris leonina which had characteristic dorsal lips, paired spicules and a simple tail without process. The individual worm burden of the infected dogs ranged from one to 361 with mean of 25.5%. Among them 0~358(mean $17.8{\pm}30.66$) were Ancylostoma caninum, 0~18(mean $1.6{\pm}3.44$) were Toxocara canis and 0~60(mean $6.0{\pm}12.05$) were Toxascaris leonina. Single infection with Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina were observed in 16(14.4%) dogs, in 9(8.1%) dogs, and in 11(9.9%) dogs respectively. Double infection with Ancylostoma caninum plus Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara canis plus Toxascaris leonina occurred in 5(0.5%) and in 3(2.7%) dogs respectively. Triple infection with Ancylostoma caninum plus Toxocara canis plus Toxascaris leonina occurred in 7(6.3%) dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.12
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• 2023

Background: Intestinal parasites in livestock cause huge economic setbacks. Moreover, these parasites can threaten human health when also present in companion animals. Objectives: The study examined the prevalence and burden of intestinal parasites among roaming/migrating animals (goats, sheep, cattle, and dogs) to provide insights into the risk of potential human parasitic infections. Methods: A total of 1,741 fecal samples from goats (n = 920), sheep (n = 335), cattle (n = 230) and dogs (n = 256) were obtained randomly across 18 local government areas in Edo State, Nigeria. The parasite samples were recovered and identified under a microscope. Molecular tools were used to identify Toxocara spp. Results: Eighteen different parasites were isolated. Among the different groups of parasites observed, nematodes occurred the most, followed by protozoans. Among nematodes, Haemonchus was most prevalent in goats (28.04%) and sheep (29.85%), while Strongyloides (10.86%) and Bunostomum (8.69%) were relatively high in cattle. Strongyloides (3.9%), hookworm (3.9%), and Toxocara (3.12%) were the predominant parasites in dogs. For protozoan parasites, Eimeria was most common in all 4 animal hosts. Several goats (2.39%) and sheep (2.38%) tested positive for Fasciola spp. Molecular analysis confirmed Toxocara canis in dogs for the first time in Nigeria. Conclusions: The major parasites recovered from these roaming/migrating animals have zoonotic potentials that can threaten human health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.343-345
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• 1993

Eight hundred and seventy on goats from Naikhongchari FSR site in Bandarban district were examined for gastro-intestinal nematodes. The parasites encountered in the region were Haemonchus Sp, Bunostomum Sp, Oesophagostomum Sp and Strongyloides Sp. The overall infection rate was 78.41%. Among various species found. Haemonchus Sp emerged as the most prevalent, although Oesophagostomum and Bunostomum were also found in this studies. The seasonal fluctuation in infection was assessed by monitoring the fecal egg count. The maximum values for the prevalence and overall mean EPG were observed after the heavy rain fall season and remained at a relatively high level from June to November. Haemonchus Sp and Oesophagostomum Sp appeared to be of major important parasites in the goats of this climatic zone which deserved proper treatment to attain higher production from goat.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 2014

The present study was performed to know the infection status of intestinal helminths in a most common species of field mice, Apodemus agrarius, from 2 southern regions of Korea. Total 133 and 103 mice were collected by the mouse trap in Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do and Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, respectively, from July 2005 to June 2006. The small intestine of each mouse was resected and longitudinally opened with a pair of scissors. The intestinal contents were washed with 0.85% saline until the supernatant became clear. Helminths were collected with naked eyes or under a stereomicroscope from the sediment of the intestinal content. More than 11 species of helminths (4 nematode spp., 5 trematode spp., and 2 cestode spp.) were recovered. Among these, heligmosomoid nematodes (97.5%) was the most highly and heavily infected species. As the members of trematodes, Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima sp., Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma cinetorchis, and unidentified echinostome larvae were found in the small intestines of 35 (14.8%), 12 (5.1%), 6 (2.5%), 1 (0.4%), and 1 (0.4%) mice respectively. Two species of tapeworms, Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta were also detected in 79 (33.5%) and 21 (8.9%) mice, respectively. Conclusively, heligmosomoid nematodes were the most prevalent (dominant) species among more than 11 helminth species detected, and Brachylaima sp. fluke is newly added in the list of intestinal trematodes in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.209-236
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• 2000

The last two decades witnessed significant advances in the efforts of immune-parasitologists to elucidate the nature and role of the host mucosal defence mechanisms against intestinal nematode parasites. Aided by recent advances in basic immunology and biotechnology with the concomitant development of well defined laboratory models of infection, immunoparasitologists have more precisely analyzed and defined the different immune effector mechanisms during the infection; resulting in great improvement in our current knowledge and understanding of protective immunity against gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites. Much of this current understanding comes from experimental studies in laboratory rodents, which have been used as models of livestock and human GI nematode infections. These rodent studies, which have concentrated on Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti/5. venezuelensis. Trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris infections in mice and rats, have helped in defining the types of T cell responses that regulate effector mechanisms and the effector mechanisms responsible for worm expulsion. In addition, these studies bear indications that traditionally accepted mechanisms of resistance such as eosinophilia and IgE responses may not play as important roles in protection as were previously conceived. In this review, we shall, from these rodent studies, attempt an overview of the mucosal and other effector responses against intestinal nematode parasites beginning with the indices of immune protection as a model of the protective immune responses that may occur in animals and man.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.413-418
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• 2003

This survey of endoparasite infections among stray cats in Korea has been carried out during November 1995 to October 1997. A total of 215 stray cats were collected from SeoulㆍGyeonggi (54), Gangwon (38), Chungchong (34), Jeonla (38), and Gyeoungsang (51) areas. The positive rate of endoparasites was 184 (85.6%) cats among 215. Of isolated parasites, nematodes were the most often detected parasites especially Toxocara cati (102 cats), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (9 cats). The next most often detected parasites were cestodes (60/215; 27.9%) sepecially Spirometra erinaecei (34 cats), Taenia taeniaformis (26 cats). Opisthorchis tenuicollis was found in bile duct (9 cats) and Isospora spp. were identified in 41 cats (19.1 %). In mixed parasite infection, the rate of infections of nematodes, trematodes and protozoas was 3.3%, nematodes and cestodes with 8.8%, nematodes and protozoa with 4.2%, cestodes and protozoa with 1.9%. In parasitic infection by a considering age category, age from 2 to 4 years had the highest infection (92.3%), 1-2 years were 87.6%, over 4 years was 80.0%. 79.6 percents of the stray cats in SeoulㆍKyounggi areas were ranked the 1st in parasite infection. The next was Kyoungsang 76.5%, Kangwon 65.8%, Cholla 63.2% and Chungchong 61.8% in order. Considering age categories from birth to greater than 4 years, parasite infections were most prevalent in cats 2 to 4 years old; other ages seemed to have no effect on prevalence of parasitism. Also sex seemed to have no effect on prevalence of parasitism. In endoparasite infection, nematode and cestode infections were most frequently found, trematode infections were low, coccidiosis was showed very often.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1976

A combined syrup preparation of pyrantel pamoate and oxantel pamoate containing 50mg/ml of respective anthelminthics was evaluated on the efficacy to treat the human intestinal nematodes. Total 24 cases were treated with oral administration of above preparation 10 mg/kg body weight by single dose. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Out of 21 cases of Ascaris lumbricoides infection, 19 (90.5%) turned to be egg negative on 21 days after treatment and egg-reduction rate was 99.7%. 2. 17 cases out of 19 cases infected with Trichocephalus trichiurus were egg negative after treatment (84.2%) and egg reduction rate was 60.6%. 3. As for Ancylostoma duodenale infection, egg negative conversion rate was 88.9% and egg reduction rate was 98.1% by single oral administration among 9 infected cases. 4. In Enterobius vermicularis infection, all of 17 cases gave negative anal swab on 21th day after the treatment. From the above results, it was assumed that the anthelminthic activities of pyrantel pamoate and oxantel pamoate were not potentiated by the mixture of two kinds of drugs but showed simple additive effect.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2005

A small scale survey on intestinal parasitic infections was investigated by subjecting residents of North Korea to recommend a plausible control strategy. The Kato-Katz method was applied to 235 residents in a borderline city and 46 in a refugee camp in borderline China. Only eggs of Ascaris and Trichuris were detected in 41.1% and 37.6% respectively but most of them were light infected. Females were infected in 61.2% while 53.1% males were egg positive. By age, residents in their 30s showed highest egg positive rates. The survey confirmed high prevalence of soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes in rural areas in North Korea It is recommended to implement mass chemotherapy for al residents with a part sample examination in rural areas, North Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6175-6179
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• 2012

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still important to the health of Thai rural residents. IPIs are the cause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co-infection of intestinal parasites among Northeastern Thai rural residents, recruited into the Khon Kaen Cohort Study (KKCS), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for developing CCA. On recruitment, subjects had completed questionnaires and provided fecal samples for IPI testing using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Data on selected general characteristics and the results of the fecal tests were analysed. IPI test results were available for 18,900 of cohort subjects, and 38.50% were found to be positive for one or more types of intestinal parasite. The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection was the highest (45.7%), followed by intestinal flukes (31.9%), intestinal nematodes (17.7%), intestinal protozoa (3.02%), and intestinal cestodes (1.69%). The pattern of different infections was similar in all age groups. According to a mapping analysis, a higher CCA burden was correlated with a higher prevalence of O. viverrini and intestinal flukes and a greater intensity of O. viverrini. Both prevention and control programs against liver fluke and other intestinal parasites are needed and should be delivered simultaneously. We can anticipate that the design of future control and prevention programmes will accommodate a more community-orientated and participatory approach.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2018

Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in many parts of Thailand, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among the people living in Huai Sai sub-district, Bang Khla district, Chachoengsao Province, central Thailand. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June 2017 to August 2017 which included a total of 224 participants. Stool samples were examined using a simple direct smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Association between risk factors and intestinal parasitic infections was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 16.1%. Soil-transmitted helminth infections (14.3%) were more common than protozoan infections (1.8%). The most common intestinal parasites were hookworms (6.7%) followed by Strongyloides stercoralis, (5.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.3%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.0%), Giardia intestinalis (0.4%), and Blastocystis hominis (0.4%) were the protozoans identified. A high prevalence of infections was found in male participants of ${\geq}40years$ who raised dogs in the households and did not wear boots while working fields. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with gender with the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.4 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.1-5.2 (P=0.020). The results showed a high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among adults in rural communities which were particularly apparent regarding the skin-penetrating species of nematodes. A greater focus on intervention is required by improving sanitation and personal hygiene to prevent the spread of intestinal parasitic infections.