• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.114-118
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• 2014

충청지역병원에서 ESBL생성 장내세균 122균주를 분리하여 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 방법에 따라 cefotaxime과 cefotaxime/clavulanate를 이용한 combination disk test (CDT)에 의하여 항균제 감수성을 조사하고, 특이 유전자를 대상으로 multiplex PCR을 실시하여 유전형을 검출하였으며 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR에 의해 분자 역학조사를 실시하였다. ESBL 생성 Escherichia coli 76균주와 Klebsiella pneumoniae 46균주를 CDT로 확인한 결과, ESBL 생성 E. coli의 경우 96.1%가 양성을 나타내었으며 K. pneumoniae의 경우 93.4%가 양성을 나타냈다. Multiplex PCR 결과, E. coli의 경우 CTX-M-2형이 60.5% 양성으로 나타났으며 K. pneumoniae의 경우 VEB-1형이 56.5%가 양성으로 나타났다. ERIC-PCR을 실시한 결과 E coli는 분리지역에 따라 5개의 cluster을 형성하였고 K. pneumoniae는 4개의 cluster을 형성하였다. ESBL생성 장내세균의 유전형은 임상에서 분리한 균주의 감별과 검출에 유용하였으며 ERIC-PCR의 결과는 분리지역에 따라 cluster을 형성하여 지역 간 감염 감시체계 확립에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.292-296
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• 1996

By human intestinal bacteria, glycyrrhizin (18${\beta}$-glycyrrhetic acid ${beta}$-D-glucuronyl.${\alpha}$-D-glucuronic acid, GL) and baicalin (baicalein ${\beta}$-D-glucuronic acid) were metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid and baicalin, respectively. However, .${\alpha}$-glucuronidase of Bacteroides JY-6 isolated from human intestinal bacteria hydrolyzed GL or 18.${\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ..${\alpha}$-D-glucuronic acid to 18${\beta}$-glycyrrhetic acid but did not baicalin. However, E. coli ${\beta}$-glucironidase from human intestinal bacteria hydrolyzed baicalin to baicalein, but did not GL.${\beta}$-Glucuronidase of mammalian tissues hydrolyzed both GL and baicalin.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of wormwood extract on intestinal Microorganisms of human, we examined the changes of the intestinal microflora of 6 volunteers for 13 days. Numbers of total anaerobes in feces of 6 volunteers showed 1010cfu/g before and after intake of wormwood extract. In case of beneficial Microorganisms, wormwood extract did not have an effect on the growth of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus spp. On the other hand, the growth of C. perfringens and E. coli, the harmful Microorganisms of human intestines, was inhibited by the wormwood extract.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2000

The effect of levanheptaose produced by levanase from Streptomyces sp. 366L on principle intestinal microflora was investigated. The reaction product, levanheptaose, was used as a carbon source for various intestinal microflora. As a results, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Eubacterium limosum grew effectively in the in vitro experiment, whereas Clostridium perfringens, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus did not. Therefore levanheptaose seems to promote selectively the growth of B. adolescentis and L. acidophilus. In the in vivo experiment, the effect of levanheptaose on the growth of intestinal microflora, $\beta$-fructosidase activity, pH, and butyrate concentration were examined in rats. Apparently, the number of fecal Bifidobacteria, the amount of butyrate, and $\beta$-fructosidase activity were increased, whereas total aerobes and pH were reduced in rats fed by levanheptaose diets, compared with those of control diets. We concluded that those effects may be beneficial in improving gastrointestinal health.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effents of feeding single or combined probiltics on performance and intestinal micreflora of broiler chicks for five weeks. Diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21.50, 19% CP and 3,100, 3,150kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from chicks intestine(LSC), Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP), Bacillus polyfermenticus(BP) were fed with alone and mixed ones at the level of 0.21 and 0.1% in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Three hundred eighty four chicks were randomly assigned to eight treatments with four replicates of 12 chicks each per treatment. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio(FCR) were weekly measured for 5 weeks. The number of intestinal micreflora was examined at the end of experiment. In both experiments, weight gain of chicks fed probiltics tended to be similar or higher than control, but was not in LSC+LSP treatment. Feed intake was not consistent among treatments. In experiment 1, FCR of chicks fed LSC alone was the lowest of all treatments, whereas it was significantly higher in LSC+LSP treatments than control(P〈0.05). In experiment 2, LSP supplemental groups tended to increase FCR compared to the control. The number of ileal E. coli was the lowest in LSP alone treatment of experiment 1, whereas cecal E. coli was higher concentration in probiotics supplemental groups than control. Total Lactobacillus of chicks fed probiotics was decreased in ileum, but was no consestency in cecum. In experiment 2, ileal total yeast tended to be higher in probiotics supplemental groups except LSP alone supplement than control. Total Lactobacillus of chicks fed LSC or LSP alone treatments was significantly higher than control(P〈0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 1998

Recently the high outbreaks of intestinal disease caused by the consumption of frozen dairy foods containing pathogenic bacteria has generated considerable interest in the causative agent such as Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7. This study was carried out to detect the above pathogens and compare the microbiological qualities of three commercial forzen yogurt products. The main results obtained were as follows. L. monocytogenes coliforms and E. coli O157:H7 were not detected in the total of seven frozen yogurt samples. For microbiological qualities the viable lactic counts of products manufactured by FA company were about 2.9$\times$108 -1.6$\times$109cfu/ml 1.7$\times$106 cfu/ml for FB's and 1.2$\times$106 cfu/ml for FC's The PH values of FA's FB's and FC's products was in the range of pH 4.1~5.3 and the values of FA's were 4.1~4.6 compared by the pH 5.2~5.3 of FB's and FC's products. During refrigeration of the test samples the survival rates of L. monocytogenes spiked into thawed frozen yogurt sample(FA's FB,s and FC's) were 0.55% 15.61% and 16.89% respectively. On the other hand E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were 12.4% and 25.0% for FA's 10.8% and 20.8% for FB's and 10.26% and 22.7% for FC's under 37$^{\circ}C$ storage, As the results described above each frozen yogurt products were different in microbiological qualities. The survival rates of pathogens spiked into the samples increased with the pH of the products. This indicates that the pH or any other factors pre-sumable supressed the growth of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes in frozen yogurt products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2014

Cecropins (Cec) are antibacterial peptides and their expression is induced in a pig intestinal parasite Ascaris suum by bacterial infection. To explore the usefulness of its activity as an antibiotic, CecP4 cDNA was prepared and cloned into the pPICZ B expression vector and followed by the integration into AOX1 locus in Pichia pastoris. The supernatants from cell culture were collected after methanol induction and concentrated for the test of antimicrobial activity. The recombinant P. patoris having CecP4 showed antimicrobial activity when tested against Staphyllococcus aureus in disc diffusion assay. We selected one of the CecP4 clones (CecP4-2) and performed further studies with it. The growth of recombinant P. pastoris was optimized using various concentration of methanol, and it was found that 2% methanol in the culture induced more antibacterial activity, compared to 1% methanol. We extended the test of antimicrobial activity by applying the concentrated supernatant of CecP4 culture to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli respectively. Recombinant CecP4 also showed antimicrobial activity against both Pseudomona and E. coli, suggesting the broad spectrum of its antimicrobial activity. After improvements for the scale-up, it will be feasible to use recombinant CecP4 for supplementation to the feed to control microbial infections in young animals, such as piglets.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.264-270
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• 1995

Trigonopsis variabilis는 버l타락탐 항생제인 cephalosporin C (ceph C)를 ${\alpha}$-keto-adipyl-7 a aminocephalosporanic acid(AKA-7 ACA)로 생변 환하는 강력한 D-amino acid oxidase 효소를 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 이 D-AAO 효소의 유전자를 추출하기 위하여 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)을 사용하였다. PCR 단편을 콜로닝하기 위하여 Taq D DNA polymerase, Klenow, T4 DNA polymerase I, Alkaline phosphatase Calf Intestinal와 T4 kinase 의 효소반응을 이용하여 4가지의 방법을 샤용한 결 과, blunt - end 의 PCR fragment 를 phosphory­l lation하고 blunt -end의 pUC18 plasmid를 dephos phorylation 한 후 ligation 한 것 이 가장 좋은 클로 닝 효율을 보였다. Ceph C에 대한 D-AAO 효소의 활성은 재조합 E. coli의 세포추출액과 permea bilized cells에서 모두 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.295-299
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• 1994

Bacteroides는 대장의 상재균총 중 가장 많이 존재하는 균이다. 본 연구에서는 Bacteroides를 분리하여 동정하고 이들 균주들에 대하여 BL배지와 EG배지를 기본 배지로 하여 항생제 및 대사저해제에 대한 감수성 조사를 한 결과 vancomycin은 Bacteroides와 대장균 이외의 장내균들의 생육을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 성인에서 대장균은 Bacteroides에 비하여 숫적으로 훨씬 적게 존재하기 때문에 vancomycin이 첨가된 VA배지를 선택배지로 조제하여 한국인을 대상으로 기존의 NBGT 선택배지와 비교한 결과 선택성이 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났고 유아의 경우에는 VA배지가 NBGT보다 우수하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 1998

31과 50종 인도산 식물체 84 시료와 12파 20종 아프리카산 식물체 27 시료의 메탄을 조추출물의 5종 장내세균(Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli)에 대한 생육억제활성을 in vitro 혐기조건하에서 여지확산법으로 검정한 결과 억제활성은 공시세균과 식물체의 종류 및 부위에 따라 달리 나타났다. 인도산 식물체 시료중, Cymbopogon citratus 전부위, Ocimum basilicum 전부위, Madhuca indica 꽃 및 Aegle marmelos 잎 추출물이 Cl. perfringens에 대하여 강한 생육저해활성을 나타낸 반면, O. basilicum 전부위 추출물은 E. coli에 대하여 중간정도의 생육저해활성을 보였다. 그러나, 이들 식물체들은 공시 유산균의 생육에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 부터 이들 열대식물들의 약리학적인 작용을 일부 설명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.