• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.42 no.3 s.418
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• pp.219-231
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• 2004

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.346-351
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the angular differences between the horizontal reference planes on the CBCT generated PA cephalogram and the modified interpupillary plane, which was usually used in the clinical examination, and to evaluate the validity of the horizontal reference planes. Methods: The CBCT generated PA cephalogram was used to measure the angles between the FH, Lo and IP planes. The subjects consisted of 42 patients with facial asymmetry (males: 21, females: 21, mean-age: 21.6 years). The control groups were also assessed (males: 10, females: 10, mean-age: 23.8 years). The distance of the interpupil was measured on the soft-tissue volume rendered image. The angular differences were statistically analyzed using the $Mann-Whitney$ $U$ $test$ for inter-group comparisons and the $Friedman$ $test$ for intra-group comparisions. Results: The angle between the FH plane and IP plane (the angle of the FH-IP line) showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups ($p$ <0.05). There was no statistical differences between each angle (angle of the FH-IP line, angle of the FH-Lo line, angle of the Lo-IP line) on the intra-group comparision ($p$ >0.05). Conclusion: The angle between the Lo line and IP line (angle of the Lo-IP line) showed no statistically significant difference in both the control and asymmetry groups. Therefore, the Lo line could be used as a horizontal reference plane in CBCT generated PA cephalograms.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

Not to recreate the final prosthesis is the shortest way to get a successful outcome. In the case of an aesthetic prosthesis, it is important not only the condition of the oral cavity but also the whole harmony in the face such as the interpupillary line and the smile line. But the dental technician creates the prosthesis only based on the oral model. So if you want to prevent the failure of the prosthesis due to discordance with the face, it is a good idea to use patient's facial photography and provisional restorations to reproduce facial features, shapes and aesthetics before switching to a final prosthesis. To prevent the failure of the final prosthesis, it is important to communicate among the patient, the technician and the doctor according to the model diagnosis, facial and oral photos. Then all the technicians will get satisfactory results. In addition, the technician have to understand the form of natural teeth, to analyze and reproduce colors, and to understand materials in order to produce a successful aesthetic prosthesis. From now on, I will explain two parts. At first, the communication in the dental office for the successful production of aesthetic prosthesis through the clinical case. And the second, my opinion for the successful aesthetic prosthesis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2001

The primary method of diagnosis in craniofacial deformity patient is used by gross inspection. The study for objective analysis and evaluation in Korean maxillofacial soft tissue portions is rare and our normals have been based on Caucasian such as American. But it is difficult to apply it to ours so we studied the frontal photometric measurements for maxillofacial Korean normals. The photograph were taken with the subject sitting in head position parallel with interpupillary plane to the floor. During taking pictures, facial analyser by Obwegeser in Martin was used for correct measurements. 54 male and 57 female ages 14 to 15 years were selected from a group of 111 healthy middle school students in Inchon. 1. The vertical measurements in glabella-subnasale, subnasale-stomion and stomion-menton in the male were higher than in the female subjects in $14{\sim}15$ years old Korean, so middle and lower third face were higher than those of female(p<0.05). 2. The horizontal measurements of female was higher than those of male in the rt. and It. eye width but smaller in nose width and lip width(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference in gender compared with soft cheek and mention angle measurements When our reports were compared with american white population, the vertical proportions in Korean normals were similar to american and the line measurements in middle facial length, nose width and intercanthal distance were higher than those of american.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance and compare the results with those from the general population. Methods: Twenty-five linear, nine angular, and three area measurements were made and four ratios were calculated using a sample of standardized frontal and lateral photographs of 46 young adult women with a preferred facial appearance (Miss Korea group) and 44 young adult women from the general population (control group). Differences between the two groups were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: Compared with the control group, the Miss Korea group exhibited a significantly greater facial height, total facial height (TFH; trichion-menton), facial width (tragus right-tragus left), facial depth (tragus-true vertical line), and trichion-nasion/TFH ratio and smaller subnasale-menton/TFH and facial width/TFH ratios. Furthermore, the control group had smaller intercanthal and interpupillary widths. Conclusions: The Miss Korea group exhibited longer, wider, and deeper faces compared with those from the general population. Furthermore, the Miss Korea group had larger eyes, longer but less protruded noses, longer and more retruded lower lips and chins, larger lip vermilion areas, and smaller labiomental angles. These results suggest that the latest trends in facial esthetics should be considered during diagnosis and treatment planning for young women with dentofacial abnormalities.