• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between internet addiction and stress of college students. To assess the degree of internet addiction, internet addiction test of the center for online addiction was completed. Subjects were divided into three group depending on internet addiction ; subjects with 20-49 internet scores were grouping as 'normal usage group', subjects with 50-79 internet scores were grouping as 'addiction tendency group', and subjects with more than 80 internet scores were grouping as 'internet addiction group'. In this study it is found that interpersonal relationship stress is significantly related to internet addiction. Also, the result of this study shows that home background stress and school background stress have influence on internet addiction.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.354-363
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• 2006

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an internet games addiction prevention program on middle school students' depression, self esteem and Internet games addiction. Methods: The internet games addiction prevention program in this study was based on the Ellis'(1962) ABC Model. This research adopted the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. and was conducted with 52 middle school students who were selected through convenient sampling and assigned to an experimental group or a control group. Data were collected from January 15, 2006 to February 19, 2006, and analyzed using the SPSS/PC program by frequency, Fisher exact test, t-test, means, standard deviations and ANCOVA. Results: The results of the experiment supported the hypothesis that the experimental group would have lower depression scores and internet games addiction scores and higher self-esteem scores than the control group. Conclusions: After 8 sessions of the internet games addiction prevention program, it was found that the program was effective to improve the score of self-esteem and reduces the scores of internet games addiction and depression.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

Objectives : This study compared covert narcissistic propensity in adolescents with internet addiction tendency to normal adolescents. Further, we investigated the correlation between such propensities and anonymity in cyberspace, presence feeling and interactivity in internet gaming, and achievement motivation in adolescents with internet addiction tendencies. Methods : Male middle school students with internet addiction tendencies (Addiction Tendency Group, N=27) and normal students (Control Group, N=29) were recruited. The scale of internet use, Covert Narcissism Scale, scale of achievement motivation, scale of anonymity in cyberspace, scale of presence feeling in internet games, and the scale of interactivity in internet games were administered. A comparison of the average scores and correlation analyses were performed. Results : 1) Compared with Control Group, the Addiction Tendency Group showed significantly higher scores on all subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale, and both the scale of presence feeling and that of interactivity in internet games. Further, the score on the scale of achievement motivation for the Addiction Tendency Group was significantly lower than that of the Control Group. 2) In the Addiction Tendency Group, the scores on several subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly positively correlated with the scores on the scale of presence feeling in internet games, anonymity in cyberspace, and interactivity in internet games. However, in the Control Group, the scores of several subscales on the Covert Narcissism Scale were significantly negatively correlated with the score on the scale of achievement motivation, and was significantly positively correlated with the score on the scale of interactivity in internet games. There were no other significant correlations between the scores on the subscales of the Covert Narcissism Scale and the scores of either presence feeling in internet games or anonymity in cyberspace. Conclusion : These results suggested that adolescents with a tendency to be addicted to the internet exhibited higher covert narcissistic propensities than normal adolescents and that the covert narcissistic tendencies were related with presence feeling in cyber games as well as with anonymity in cyberspace.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to assess the association of internet addiction and depression, stress and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Methods: The authors have surveyed 2 middle schools and 2 high schools located in Seoul and analyzed 525 questionnaires. The questionnaire included the Internet Addiction Self Diagnosis Index (K-index), Child Depression Index (CDI), Stress Index and Reynold's Suicidal Ideation Index. Structural equational model analysis was done to explore the association between internet addiction and suicidal ideation. Results: The adolescent internet addiction groups were classified as the high risk group 12 (2.3%), the potential risk group 64 (12.2%) and the normal group 449 (85.5%). When classified according to sex, the high risk group is consisted of 8 (3.9%) boys, 4 (1.3%) girls and the potential risk group is consisted of 41 (64.1%) boys and 23 (35.9%) girls which leads to the conclusion that boys are relatively more addicted compared with girls. The group with more addiction showed higher depression scores, stress scores and suicidal ideation scores. The correlation analysis showed the significant relations between internet addiction and depression (r=0.263), stress (r=0.265) and suicidal ideation (r=0.284). According to the structural equation model analysis, internet addiction had direct effects on the depression and indirect effects on suicidal ideation. Stress had the significant direct effects on both internet addiction and depression. Depression had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Internet addiction affects directly and indirectly an depression and suicidal ideation among adolescent.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an Internet addiction prevention program on middle school students' stress and Internet addiction, Methods: This research adopted the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, and was conducted with 40 middle school students who were selected through convenient sampling and assigned to an experimental group or a control group, Data were collected from September 5, 2007 to September 27, 2007, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program by frequency, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. Results: The results of the experiment supported the hypothesis that the experimental group would have lower stress scores and Internet addiction scores than the control group, Conclusion: After 8 sessions of the Internet addiction prevention program, it was found the program was effective to reduce stress and Internet addiction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.694-703
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study the effects of a Group Counseling Integration Program for students with a tendency to internet addiction were examined. Methods: Thirty-seven students who were in a vocational high school in G city participated in a survey, which was carried out from October 12 to November 12, 2009. To test the effects of the Group Counseling Integration Program, the participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (18) and a control group (19). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-determination scale and an internet addiction scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: Significant differences were found in self-determination scores and internet addiction scores between the experimental group and the control group (F=5.99, p=.020) (t=-2.53, p=.016). Conclusion: The results indicate that Group Counseling Integration Programs are an effective nursing intervention for improving self-determination and decreasing internet addiction in students with a tendency to internet addiction.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.298-306
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop measurement scales of Internet addiction, and propose a Korean Internet Addiction Index (K-IAI) and classification criteria for Internet addiction from the threshold scores developed. Methods : The identification of the concept of 'Internet addiction' was based on the literature review. To select the scales, an exploratory factor analysis was applied. A construct validation was tested by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a structured equation model (SEM). In testing the validity of the classification criteria, ANOVA and non-recursive models with SEM were applied. Results : Out of 1,080 questionnaires distributed, 1,037 were returned,; a response rate of 96%. The Cronbach-$\alpha$ of all items was over 0.75. Using an exploratory factor analysis in the condition of a 6 factor constrain as the study model proposed, 23 of the initial 28 items were identified. In testing the discriminant and convergent validity of the selected 23 scales using CFA with SEM, the Internet addiction model explained about 93% of all variances of the data collected, and all the latent variables significantly explained the designated scales. A K-IAI was proposed using the T-scores of the sum of all factor averages. In the classification of users, the basic concept was a twostandard deviation approach of the K-IAI as the criteria of MMPI. The addiction group had a score ${\geq}70$ in the K-IAI, the pre-addiction group between ${\geq}50$ and <70, and the average user group <50. The Internet use times of the classified groups were statistically different in the ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Conclusions : The K-IAI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Internet addiction. Moreover, the taxonomy of the groups was also verified using various methods.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2005

This study examined internet game addiction and college adaptation(academic, social, personal-emotional, institutional attachment) by Internet game motivation types. The 475 subjects (235 male and 240 female college students) responded to the newly developed self-report measure, Internet Game Motivation Scale (IGMS). Cluster analyses of IGMS data identified 5 types of Internet game motivation: Active I, Active II, Moderate I, Moderate II, Passive. Active (I, II) types had the highest scores in Internet game addiction while the Passive type yielded the lowest. Except for academic adaptation, all aspects of college adaptation varied as a function of Internet game motivation types. Overall, Moderate II showed highest whereas Active I showed lowest academic adaptation scores.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

This study analyzes the relation of friendship and internet use on adolescents' internet addiction. The subjects were 117 middle and 106 high school adolescents living in Kwang-ju city. Cronbach'a, t-test, x²-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test were employed in analyzing the data by using SPSS 10.0. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: - First of all, most adolescents had a best friend and maintained an affirmative friendship showing high social function and satisfaction. And it was also found that internet use has been settled as a part of daily life among adolescents and over majority of the subjects reported themselves as internet addicts. - Secondly, boys had more friends than girls, but the frequency of interaction with their friends was lower than for girls. Girls showed higher scores in function and satisfaction with friends than boys. And girls used the internet longer than boys. - Thirdly, variables of internet friends and internet use showed significant differences on internet addiction. Groups using the internet frequently, more than usual, and groups using the internet to relax and enjoy showed significantly higher scores in internet addiction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to identify the state of internet addiction and to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method: Participants were 1,670 high school students in an urban city. The Internet Addiction Scale was used to measure internet addiction, the DISC-MDD-SQ was used to measure depression, and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-JR was used to measure suicidal ideation. Result: 38.1 % of participants were perceived to be in the early stages of internet addiction and 1.5% reported heavy addiction. Overall the internet addiction scale score was 37.57(${\pm12.52}$). The differences of internet addiction in sample characteristics were found to be significant in rank in class. The differences in DISC-MDD-SQ and IAS scores among the states of internet addiction were statistically significant. The level of internet addiction correlated positively to the level of depression and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Based upon these findings, there were significant positive correlations among Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. As schools are often the first line for the identification of potential life-threatening behaviors, nurses, especially school-based health professionals, need to be cognizant of measures and procedures for the assessment of Internet addiction, depression, and suicidal ideation.