• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.607-613
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate flora of phytoplankton in Milyang River from July 1996 to April 1997. Phytoplankton were identified 206 kinds and composed of 2 var.-for., 5 forms, 35 varieties, 164 species, 70 genera, 31 families, 14 orders, 6 classes and 5 phyla. According to the seasonal variation, 131 species were founded in summer, 109 species in spring, 108 species in autumn, and 100 species in winter, respectively. Seasonal and stationary variation of standing crops were between 10 and 5.600 cells/mι. At station 7, Cyclotella meneghiniana was bloomed 5,000 cells/mι(89.7%) in winter, and Stephanodiscus hantzschii was bloomed 3,400 cells/mι(74.3%) in spring. The number of species and standing crops were increased with proceeding from upper stream to lower stream. Important species of phytoplankton were 24 species, that are 4 species of Cyanophyta (Aphanocapsa elachista, Merismopedium glaucum, Lyngbya limnetica, Oscillatoria tenuis), 12 species of Crysophyta (Melosira varians, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Cyclotalla meneghiniana, Fragilaria construens var. venter, Navicula cryptocephala, Cymbella ventricosa, Gomphonema olivaceum), and 8 species of Chlorophyta (Chlamydomonas reinhardi, Eudorina elegans, Pandorina morum, Oocystis borgei, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Microspora crassior). According to the similarity index among the stations, it was generally defind as two water areas such as upper stream(station 1~3) and lower stream(station 4~7).

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

The common-source low noise amplifier(LNA) with inductive degeneration using a genetic algorithm is designed and tested for a down converter in an industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band application and a wireless broadband internet service (WiBro). The genetic algorithm optimizes the reflection coefficients to be well matched the input and output ports between multistage transistor amplifiers, and it generates low voltage standing wave ratio as well as gain flatness of the amplifier. The stability and the gain flatness of the LNA have been improved by combining the matching circuits and the series feedback microstrip lines with inductive degeneration at common-source port. In the frequency range of ISM band and WiBro application operating at $2.3GHz{\sim}2.5GHz$, the measured power gain and maximum voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the LNA are $41{\pm}0.5dB$ and 1.3, and the noise figure of the LNA is lower than 0.85dB. The above results are agreed well with the theoretical values of the amplifiers.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1357-1371
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• 2011

Suspended and sinking particles were collected during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of carotenoids both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Fucoxanthin was the dominant carotenoid pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. The present study also indicates that 19'-hexanoyoxyfucoxanthin-containing prymesiophytes (Phaeocystis spp.) was abundant in the study area. The flux rates of carotenoids were generally highest at 50 m, and approximately double the flux rates at deeper horizons, however, at Inner Bay sites, the mean flux rates of carotenoids were greatest at 200 m, and 3 times greater than that of 50 m. Such anomalous high fluxes at 200 m imply that grazers were locally abundant between 100 m and 200 m at these sites close to land, and this hypothesis is supported by visual evidence of lots of fecal pellets in the 200 m trap. Integrates standing stocks versus sinking pigments data support that particulate material in Prydz Bay was not recycled rapidly.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2012

Three embankments, namely Changpo, Bokkil and Guil, in Chunggye Bay were investigated to assess the influence of environmental changes to phytoplankton size structure, distribution of species and standing crops. Three stations was sampled near at each embankment in Nov. 2006, Feb. 2007, May 2007 and Aug. Phytoplankton were classified into net-size (>20${\mu}m$) and nano-size (<20${\mu}m$). In summer, the freshwater discharge seemed to have influence in the decrease of salinity and in the increase of turbidity, ammonium and phosphorus concentrations. Chl a concentration and phytoplankton abundance in Feb. 2007 were observed to be generally higher in all stations compared to other periods. Net-size phytoplankton was observed to be higher in Feb. 2007 and May 2007 compared to nano-sized phytoplankton. However, there was shift in phytoplankton composition in Nov. 2006 and Aug. 2007. Phytoplankton under seven class (Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae) was identified during the study period. It was found out that the major phytoplankton class was Bacillariophyceae. Phytoplankton was more diverse in autumn compared to any other season. Cyanophyceae was increased in summer. In rainy season, change in physical factors (salinity, transparency) seemed to have more influence on phytoplankton growth compared to inorganic nutrients.

• International Journal of Arrhythmia
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.235-284
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• 2018

In this part the writing group will cover strategies, techniques, and endpoints of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Prior to all, electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is recommended during all AF ablation procedures. In addition, techniques to be used for ablation of persistent and long-standing persistent AF, adjunctive ablation strategies, nonablative strategies to improve outcomes of AF ablation, and endpoints for ablation of paroxysmal, persistent, and long-standing persistent AF will be reviewed. Currently many technologies and tools are employed for AF ablation procedures. Radiofrequency energy, cryoablation, and other energy sources and tools are in various stages of development and/or clinical investigation. Finally, anticoagulation strategies pre-, during, and postcatheter ablation of AF and technical aspects of ablation to maximize safety are discussed in this section.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2021

Numerical simulations of the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) about a large-scale flexible pipe subject to shear flow were carried out in this paper. Efficiency verification was performed firstly, validating that the proposed fluid-structure interaction solution strategy is competent in predicting the VIV response. Then, the VIV characteristics related to multi-mode and spanwise hybrid waveform about the flexible pipe attributed to shear flow were investigated. When inflow velocity rises, higher vibration modes are apt to be excited, and the spanwise waveform easily convertes from a standing-wave-dominated status to a hybrid standing-traveling wave status. The multi-mode or even multiple-dominant-mode is prone to occur, that is, the dominant mode is often followed by several apparent subordinate modes with considerable vibration energy. Hence, the shedding frequencies no longer obey Strouhal law, and vibration trajectories become intricate. According to the motion analysis concerning the coupled cross-flow and in-line vibrations, as well as the corresponding wake patterns, a tight coupling interaction exists between the structural deformation and the wake flow behind the flexible pipe. In addition, the evolution of the vortex tube along the pipe span and a strong 3D effect are observed due to the slenderness of the flexible pipe and the variability of the vortex shedding attributed to the shear flow.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

Rural communities have been isolated from social and economic changes underway in the broader society. Trends towed an urbanized society have depopulated many rural areas (Flora, et al, 1992). The South Korean government has targeted efforts toward an urban centered economic development policy, which has neglected the rural areas. The South Korean government also has indoctrinated rural community development with a quick-fix approach. Self-directed economic organizations based in rural South Korea began to emerge in the late 1980s. Since the 1980s, South Korean agricultural sectors have been overshadowed by globalism. McMichael (1996) stated that rural communities have two options. A immunity should either End its niche (i.e. the commodities or products that can have advantages in the international trade market) or protest against globalism to survive if rural communities fail to find a niche under globalism. South Korean neat communities did not have enough natural resources nor enough money to invest for their rural community economic development programs. These limitations made it difficult for South Korean coral communities to compete in a global economic environment. Israel, Coleman, and Ilvento (1993) stated that local leadership is a critical component in the ability of communities to respond to lang-standing problems and emerging needs. Swinth and Alexander (1990) asserted that rural leaders are critical actors in rural community development. Whether rural communities succeed in finding their niche or not, the role of rural community leaders is important for rural communities to find ways to cope in the international agriculture market.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.699-720
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• 2016

In the past 10 years, there have been lots of misuses of the trademark system in China. For example, some Chinese companies have registered same or similar oversea's well-known trademark as a prior rights holder, and oversea's companies lost a chance to register their own trademarks or commence cases to acquire their own trademark determination in China. So Chinese government revised Chinese Trademark Law in 2014 to remedy these mistakes. Article 30 is intended to crack down on preemptive registration and compensate for the possible unfair consequences resulted from the principle of prior registration. Under the principle of prior registration, only where the unregistered trademarks of prior use have certain influence, and where the applicant of latter applied trademark knows or should know the prior trademark and the applicant has the bad faith of obtaining unjustified interests from goodwill of such unregistered marks, it shall be curbed by Article 30. Furthermore, trademark oppositions could be filed by anybody previously. Under the revised Trademark Law Article 44, oppositions based on absolute grounds can still be filed by anyone, but oppositions based on other available grounds can only be filed by a prior rights holder or a materially-interested party with undefined but similar to the standing requirement for filing nullities under Article 41 of the old law, and likely intended to cover trademark licensees and successors.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of subliminal music with balance imagery training on balance and concentration. Methods: The participants were 45 seniors in an undergraduate school in Korea. The subliminal music with balance imagery training intervention was carried out for 20 minutes. Other interventions were also carried out for 20 minutes. 12 seniors(Group A) listened to subliminal music with balance imagery training, 12 seniors(Group B) listened to subliminal music, 11 seniors(Group C) received balance imagery training, and 10 seniors(Group D) had no intervention(Control group). The grid test is related to measured levels of concentration intensity. Romberg one legged standing test was carried out for 30 seconds. The collected data was analyzed by one-paired t test and one way ANOVA using the SPSS Windows 12 ver. program. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: Concentration levels of Group A and C improved, and balance levels of Group C and D improved. There was a statistically significant decrease in concentration between Group A and B, Group A and C after intervention. Conclusion: These findings suggest that listening to subliminal music with balance imagery training may be useful in managing concentration in seniors. So it provides basic information for further concentration on improving education on music with balance imagery training.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.71-92
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• 2012

The significant increase in international trade over the last few decades has been accompanied by an increase in the number of commercial disputes between Korea and India. Understanding the Indian dispute resolution system, including arbitration, is necessary for successful business operation with Indian companies. This article investigates characteristics of India's Arbitration and Conciliation Act in order to help then traders who enter into business with Indian companies to settle their disputes efficiently. The Arbitration and Conciliation Act(1996) based on the 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976, has a number of characteristics including the following: (i) this act covers ad hoc arbitration and institutional arbitration (ii) parties to the arbitration agreement have no option except arbitration in case of any dispute (iii) the parties can choose their own laws, places, procedures, and arbitrators (iv) the decision of the arbitrators is final and binding (v)role of the court has been minimized and (vi) enforcement of foreign awards is recognized. However, there have been some court decisions that have not been in tune with the spirit and provisions of the Act. Therefore, Korean companies insert the KCAB's standard arbitration clause into their contracts and use India's ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution) Methods to strategically resolve their disputes. Additionally, Korean companies investigate Indian companies' credit standing before entering into business relations with them.