• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.67
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 2015

Russia has a huge amount of energy resources. It is an attractive factor to countries which spend loads of energy. Republic of Korea is also one of large energy consumption countries. Therefore, It will be needed to raise energy cooperation with Russia. It's companies will increase trade focusing on the energy industry in the long term. Recently, However, Foreign companies should be careful when they enter the rapidly changing Russia market. In other words, companies will need a strategic approach to prepare the early case assessment and how to solve a possible dispute as they analyze cost and profit in business. This study is analyzing several dispute cases related in Russia. It presents some strategies for Korean companies such as dispute resolution method, arbitration institution selection method and so on. In addition, it proposes the introduction of the early case assessment for reducing a waste of time and cost. Furthermore, according as the importance of OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises is highlighted in international community, companies should prepare practical division to establish a system of responsible business conduct. Finally, they will have to get an advice and counseling from the Russia legal experts in the early stages of the contract.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.363-397
• /
• 2018

We study the impact of loss-aversion and the threat of critical damages from insufficient pollutant abatement, which we jointly call threshold concerns, on the outcome of international environmental agreements. We aim to understand whether concerns for a critical level of damages induce cooperation among countries faced with the well-known free-riding problem, and yield sufficient emission reductions to avoid exceeding the threshold. Specifically, we focus on loss-averse countries negotiating under the threat of either high or low environmental damages. Under symmetry, when countries display identical degrees of threshold concern, we show that such beliefs have a positive effect on reducing the emission levels of both signatories to the treaty and non-signatories, leading to weakly larger coalitions of signatories than in the absence of reference dependence. We then introduce asymmetry, by allowing countries to differ in the degree of concern about the damages. We show that stable coalitions are mostly formed by the countries with higher threshold concerns. When enough countries exhibit standard preferences, the coalition size may diminish, regardless of the degree of concern by the others.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Confucius Institute Chinese international promotion could better promote the development of China's foreign trade, by analyzing the distribution of the Confucius Institute worldwide, based on the theory of language economics, using SWOT analysis to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the internal environment, opportunities and challenges of the external environment of Chinese international promotion of Confucius Institute. The following findings were gathered: as a language teaching institution and information exchange platform, Confucius Institute has the ability to share trade information and increase trade opportunities; to improve cultural identity and reduce transaction costs; to promote cultural communication and integration, and drive the development of related industries. The internal disadvantages were mainly reflected in the mismatch between the global regional distribution structure of Confucius Institutes, and the economic and trade structure, such as, the asymmetry between language, culture output, and demand. In addition, the management mechanism was not perfect. External opportunities were mainly new opportunities brought by economic globalization, cultural diversity, and the development of the Belt and Road initiative. External challenges were mainly influenced by the China threat theory and the fierce cultural competition among countries. The corresponding countermeasures were put forward based on the advantages of the platform and grasping the external opportunities: improving the quality of operation and speeding up the localization process; respecting cultural differences and realizing cultural common learning; seeking multilateral cooperation and enhancing the capacity for independent development.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2021

The significance of high-quality development and green total factor productivity has attracted widespread attention and research, while few studies on green total factor productivity that considers the use of water resources have been conducted in the context of water shortages and water stress. In this study, the green total factor productivity of water use from 2005 to 2015 in mainland China is evaluated based on the global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. Results show that: (1) China's green total factor productivity of water use has been improving since 2005 with an annual global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index of 1.0104. (2) At the regional level, the eastern zone in mainland China owns the highest green total factor productivity of water use, while that in the intermediate zone ranks last. (3) The green total factor productivity of water use in the southern region (1.0113) significantly higher than that in the northern region (1.0095), and also higher than the national average level in the same period. BPC index has been the most important incluencing factor of green total factor productivity of water use at both national level and regional level since 2011.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present policy implications by analyzing the residential environment in North Korea under the Kim Jong-un regime. Research design, data, and methodology: Residential environment analysis was reviewed by dividing it into physical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and policy aspects. Results: Pyongyang are considerably superior due to it being the residence of the country's leadership and middle class. Secondly, there is a concerning problem with the provision of substandard housing. Construction materials are in short supply, and unreasonable timelines often lead to uninhabitable houses, signaling a need for assistance in housing construction. Thirdly, there is a severe lack of essential residential infrastructure, such as reliable electricity and clean water supply, which significantly impacts the quality of life. Lastly, due to the country's economic hardships, basic housing rights are not guaranteed, leading to deplorable living conditions for many North Koreans. The report suggests that these issues should be addressed through international aid to guarantee the basic human rights of North Koreans. Conclusions: In North Korea, the poor living environment deteriorates the health and quality of life of citizens and adversely affects social and economic development. Therefore, international support and cooperation to improve the living environment of North Koreans is important.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.561-570
• /
• 2023

In order to improve the predictability of marine high-impacts weather such as typhoon and high waves, the marine observation network is an essential because it could be rapidly changed by strong air-sea interaction. In this regard, the National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS/KMA) has promoted the Argo float observation program since 2001 to participate in the International Argo program. In this study, current status and future direction of the NIMS/KMA Argo program are presented through the internal meeting and external expert forum. To date, a total of 264 Argo floats have been deployed into the offshore around the Korean Peninsula and the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The real-time and delayed modes quality control (QC) system of Argo data was developed, and an official regional data assembling center (call-sign 'KM') was run. In 2002, the Argo homepage was established for the systematic management and dissemination of Argo data for domestic and international users. The future goal of the NIMS/KMA Argo program is to improve response to the marine high-impacts weather through a marine environment monitoring and observing system. The promotion strategy for this is divided into four areas: strengthening policy communication, developing observation strategies, promoting utilization research, and activating international cooperation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.1923-1931
• /
• 2014

A value creation is understood as important business strategy these days in both academics and industry. But this phenomenon is not fully understood based on systematized framework. In this paper, we summarized value research trend based on exploratory research and inductive reasoning by exploring both international and domestic journals. And we built a research framework that can analyze value creation between supplier and customer. Value research prior to 2004 is primarily divided into values of goods or services and relationship values. After 2004, service-dominant (SD) logic has been outlined. There are other research trends to see the relationship value in terms of relationship benefits and relationship in the network or supply chain. 4 critical resource types (financial resource, knowledge resource, efficiency resource, and intellectual resource) and 5 competence types (relational capability, collaboration capability, innovation capability, managing capability) are constructed as principal factors for value creation from inductive reasoning based upon a resource-based view (RBV) and a competence-based view (CBV). The research framework was built based on 4 resources and 4 competences.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.2089-2094
• /
• 2017

Altmetrics is the measurement index and quantitative data to complement the traditional indicators based on the citation. Altmetrics research has acquired greater importance in the past few years, partly due to the complement to the traditional bibliometrics. This paper aims to reveal the research status and trends in altmetrics research. A total of 187 articles from 2005 to 2017 are obtained and analyzed, illustrating a steady rise (S-mode) in altmetrics research since 2005. Using social network analysis and co-word analysis, the author cooperation network and keyword co-occurrence network are developed. The core scientists and eight international research groups are discovered, reflecting that researchers in this field have a low degree of cooperation. Four topics of altmetrics research are discovered by hierarchical clustering. The results can be useful for the advanced research of altmetrics.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.219-242
• /
• 2024

This study examined the output performance of papers published in international journals in the LIS field over the past 20 years and used the Gini coefficient and Hirschman-Herfindahl (HHI) index to understand the international gap in academic paper output and its changes. In addition, the characteristics of academic publications were visualized focusing on the top producing countries of academic papers, and differences according to sub-research areas were also identified. As a result of the analysis, first, although the United States and China are leading the publication of papers over the past five years, the results produced by the Netherlands showed relatively high influence and international and industrial cooperation results. Second, a high inter-country gap index (g= 0.7-0.8) has been maintained in terms of paper production and citation volume over the past 20 years, but the concentration of top countries is showing a trend of easing over time, as CR3 (Concentration Ration 3) decreased from 63.3% to 43.2%, HHI decreased from 2,129.6 to 976.1. Third, the LS field showed the highest gap between countries and a high degree of concentration centered on the United States, while the SM field was confirmed to be the most dispersed.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.87-107
• /
• 2002

The sea of north-east Asia is biologically interrelated and one country's mishap in the management of fisheries could have a critical effect upon the other. Accordingly under the TAC system adopted by all the countries of Korea, Japan and China, the mismanagement o( trans-boundary fish stocks under the provisional fisheries agreement prior to the delimitation of EEZ could lead to the irrevocable depletion of fisheries resources in case of absence of close cooperation among the countries concerned. To tackle the problems above, it is necessary, from a short term perspective, to promote the combined efforts to do researches on fisheries resources, find ways to improve the transparency of fisheries management, adjust the fisheries management regulations of each country, standardize fishing gears and methods, and exchange fisheries-related statistics and data for socio-economic analysis and strengthen joint research activities for the mutual benefits. From a longer term prospective, regional fisheries organization need to be set up to oversee the whole area of north-east Asian sea. The organization as such could play a role in adjusting the conflicting interests of Korea, Japan and China, and efficiently manage the fisheries resources, which is complex and challenging in nature. In addition, unlike China, the historical fisheries relationship between Korea and Japan, spirit of reciprocity and the Article 62 of the United Nations Convention On the Law Of Sea need to be taken into account when seeking for fisheries cooperation between the two countries through the international specialization. In other words, the data obtained through the joint researches on the fisheries resources for the specific ocean along with such factors as capital, labor, fisheries technology and consumption of fish products could be used to assign the specific sector of fisheries to the country who has a comparative advantage, thus achieving the mutually benefiting results Up to the present, concerted efforts by Korea, Japan and China on the fisheries cooperation have been consistently made, but the results have yet to be materialized, It is also beyond doubt that governmental consultations among the countries should be made on a consistent basis, but non-governmental organizations' exchanges and related joint researches will more likely help bring about the desired fruition in a shorter time.