• 제목/요약/키워드: international practice and usage

검색결과 22건 처리시간 0.029초

Pragmatic Assessment of Optimizers in Deep Learning

  • Ajeet K. Jain;PVRD Prasad Rao ;K. Venkatesh Sharma
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.115-128
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    • 2023
  • Deep learning has been incorporating various optimization techniques motivated by new pragmatic optimizing algorithm advancements and their usage has a central role in Machine learning. In recent past, new avatars of various optimizers are being put into practice and their suitability and applicability has been reported on various domains. The resurgence of novelty starts from Stochastic Gradient Descent to convex and non-convex and derivative-free approaches. In the contemporary of these horizons of optimizers, choosing a best-fit or appropriate optimizer is an important consideration in deep learning theme as these working-horse engines determines the final performance predicted by the model. Moreover with increasing number of deep layers tantamount higher complexity with hyper-parameter tuning and consequently need to delve for a befitting optimizer. We empirically examine most popular and widely used optimizers on various data sets and networks-like MNIST and GAN plus others. The pragmatic comparison focuses on their similarities, differences and possibilities of their suitability for a given application. Additionally, the recent optimizer variants are highlighted with their subtlety. The article emphasizes on their critical role and pinpoints buttress options while choosing among them.

Residents' Preference for Spatial Features in Sitting Areas at Assisted Living Facilities - Focused on direct or indirect social interaction for older adults -

  • Lee, Min-Ah;Rodiek, Susan D.
    • International Journal of Human Ecology
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.87-102
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    • 2013
  • This study investigated residents' preferences for spatial features of sitting areas in assisted living facilities, and provides recommendations for planning sitting areas to support residents' spatial preferences and social interaction. The study participants were 69 residents of eight assisted living facilities (30+ resident capacity), located in south central Texas. A photographic comparison method was used, in which residents were shown 20 matched pairs of photos, with a single feature digitally modified in each pair, and asked to select which environmental representation they preferred. The hypothesized spatial characteristics were identified in practice based literature as those that may encourage usage of sitting areas: viewability, variety, homelikeness, and privacy. Most of the hypothesized features were preferred by participants, with the highest preference found for non-institutional furniture arrangements and naturalness, followed by increasing enclosure and variety of seating. Preference was less significant for domestic cues such as carpeted floors, divided light windows, and boundaries defined by different colored material or columns, possibly due to their physical impairments or preference for visual openness. Participants' level of mobility assistance was significantly related to their preference for some features, such as seating with people-watching capability, and carpeted floors. The findings have implications for facility architects and administrators engaged in resident-oriented spatial planning.

한.인도간의 통상분쟁 현황과 사례 분석 -인도의 반덤핑 관세정책을 중심으로- (Case analysis of trade dispute between Korea and India)

  • 이종원
    • 통상정보연구
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.391-412
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    • 2010
  • As traditional import regulations have decreased all over the world in recent decades, the usage of "unconventional" trade protection measures has grown in the developing countries. In particular, antidumping investigations have risen rapidly and have growing in India and China. Therefore, this thesis aims to provide countermeasures to our government and Korean exporting companies by studying characteristics of antidumping. India is one of the most frequent initiators of antidumping cases by protecting their industries and impeding imports from FTA. This year, economic exchanges of Korea and India will be increasing by the conclusion of CEPA. This will lead to the increase of dispute by import regulations. Under such circumstances, to decrease Indian antidumping cases Korea will respond as follows. i)If antidumping laws, system and practice of India have injustice or are different from WTO rules, our government will have to indicate injustice and actively urge Indian government to make corrections. For example, they are continuous bilateral contact about the problems, fallacy of calculation of dumping margin, and intense investigations into cause and effect relationship and losses in dumping market, ect. ii)Our government should give more support to the small and medium exporting company which have difficulties in dealing with trade conflicts, counseling, arbitrating a lawyer. iii)Our government which is in control of domestic trade relief system should strengthen its investigation ability about new regulations and moniter import regulations of India. Over the long time, Korean companies need to export competitive advantage items of a higher value-added business and build solidarity by technology transfer. Accordingly, that will result in the decrease of trade dispute in India.

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유네스코 '문화 다양성' 개념의 함축과 「세계지리」 과목에서의 실천 방안 (Implications in UNESCO's Concept of 'Cultural Diversity' and Its Application to the 「World Geography」 Subject)

  • 전종한
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.559-576
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    • 2016
  • 21세기 초 유네스코(UNESCO)의 "세계 문화 다양성 선언"과 함께 '문화 다양성' 개념은 교육, 과학, 문화 부문에서 국제 사회의 핵심 개념이자 화두로 부상하였다. 그런데 문화 다양성 개념은 "세계 문화 다양성 선언"이 발표되기 이전부터 개인 학자와 기관에 따라 여러 용례로 유통되었기 때문에, 유네스코의 문화 다양성 개념이 지닌 함축에 대한 특별한 이해를 선행하지 않고서는 교과목 수준의 적절하고 올바른 교육적 이행을 추구할 수가 없다. "세계 문화 다양성 선언"에 제시된 문화 다양성 개념의 궁극적 지향점은 '세계 평화'와 '다양한 인류 문화의 공존'이다. 이 점에서 그것은 현 세대뿐만 아니라 다음 세대에게 무엇보다 '교육적으로' 특별한 의미를 지닌다. 더구나 국제 사회의 지리교육계가 지난 2000년 세계지리학 대회를 계기로 "문화 다양성을 위한 지리교육 국제 선언"을 내놓은 만큼, "세계지리" 과목을 사례로 문화 다양성 교육의 실천 방안을 강구하는 것은 의미가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 유네스코의 관련 문헌들을 분석하여 문화 다양성 개념이 지닌 함축을 '이념으로서의 문화 다양성', '표상으로서의 문화 다양성', '비전으로서의 문화 다양성', '인식의 미학적 전환으로서의 문화 다양성'의 네 가지 층위에서 해석한 다음, "2015 개정 교육과정"의 "세계지리" 과목 입장에서 문화 다양성 교육을 위한 교수학습 자료의 예시와 활용을 중심으로 교육적 실천 방안을 제안하였다.

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INTRA-AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TO MANAGE INFORMATION IN URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT

  • Dong-bum Kim;Jin-Won Kim;Ju-Hyung Kim;Jae-Jun Kim
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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    • pp.561-566
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    • 2011
  • In general, the early stage of urban renewal such as preparing a master plan and processing administrative works including planning permission are conducted by local governments in Korea. The local governments need to review the status of projects that are undergone in other local governments' territories. However, no integrated information system to manage information to this end at the level of nation exists in Korea. If the system would be developed, it may support central government to obtain information on required resources at the national level. In addition, local governments can gain guidance on the process and recognize potential problematic situations from others experience. The system should include functions to collect data on project summary, cost and schedule of projects according to local governments. The expected effects from using the information system are as following. First, information generated from project practice become more credible on account of management at the national level. Because the authorized party such as system administrative agents of governments are responsible for collecting and managing data. Second, the unified information system with no regard to the place where projects progresses reduces the efforts for accumulating reference data for aiding local governments decision making by providing appropriate information timely. Also, enhanced information accessibility for stakeholders make the project process clear. Finally, oversight management is enforced with visualization technology adopted in the system, presenting master plan and mass model including information on usage by floors and progressing information graphically. Ultimately, potential challenges can be anticipated by considering records accumulated from other local governments' projects. This paper presents concept, functionalities, and architecture of information system enabling to manage data from individual projects and aggregate those for oversight management for local and central governments. As a part of systems analysis, general requirements of briefing system for governments and necessary data fields to this end are identified.

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Montgomery Multiplier with Very Regular Behavior

  • Yoo-Jin Baek
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.17-28
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    • 2024
  • As listed as one of the most important requirements for Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process by National Institute of Standards and Technology, the resistance to various side-channel attacks is considered very critical in deploying cryptosystems in practice. In fact, cryptosystems can easily be broken by side-channel attacks, even though they are considered to be secure in the mathematical point of view. The timing attack(TA) and the simple power analysis attack(SPA) are such side-channel attack methods which can reveal sensitive information by analyzing the timing behavior or the power consumption pattern of cryptographic operations. Thus, appropriate measures against such attacks must carefully be considered in the early stage of cryptosystem's implementation process. The Montgomery multiplier is a commonly used and classical gadget in implementing big-number-based cryptosystems including RSA and ECC. And, as recently proposed as an alternative of building blocks for implementing post quantum cryptography such as lattice-based cryptography, the big-number multiplier including the Montgomery multiplier still plays a role in modern cryptography. However, in spite of its effectiveness and wide-adoption, the multiplier is known to be vulnerable to TA and SPA. And this paper proposes a new countermeasure for the Montgomery multiplier against TA and SPA. Briefly speaking, the new measure first represents a multiplication operand without 0 digits, so the resulting multiplication operation behaves in a very regular manner. Also, the new algorithm removes the extra final reduction (which is intrinsic to the modular multiplication) to make the resulting multiplier more timing-independent. Consequently, the resulting multiplier operates in constant time so that it totally removes any TA and SPA vulnerabilities. Since the proposed method can process multi bits at a time, implementers can also trade-off the performance with the resource usage to get desirable implementation characteristics.

대학교육프로그램 중 태권도 해외인턴십의 중요성 (The Importance of an Internships abroad in the course of a University Education Programs)

  • 고보라;서희정;진승태
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제9권9호
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    • pp.253-262
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 국내 대학의 해외취업 인재 양성을 위한 체계적인 프로그램 개발, 해외현장실습 및 인턴십의 효율적인 적용과 함께 준비된 미래의 태권도 전문인을 세계가 원하는 태권도 산업체에 성공적인 해외 취업의 기회를 제공할 수 있는 프로그램의 중요성에 대한 의견을 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 연구의 대상은 해외인턴십 경험자 15명으로 심층면담을 하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 인턴십의 강점과 약점, 둘째, 인턴십경험 후 변화 셋째, 인턴십을 준비하는 후배들에게 하고 싶은 것이다. 기대방안은 첫째, 대학에서의 체계화된 해외태권도 지도자 양성 프로그램 구축, 둘째, 대학 수업과 연계된 해외현장실습 및 인턴십 프로그램 구축, 셋째, 준비된 글로벌 태권도 지도자, 넷째, 맞춤형 지도자, 다섯째, 새로운 태권도산업 창출, 여섯째, 비전공 태권도인의 해외취업 기회, 일곱째, 태권도 융합문화 특성화 사업 등이다. 활용방안은 첫째, 학문적기여도, 둘째, 사회적기여도, 셋째, 인력양성방안 마지막으로 교육과의 연계활동 방안으로 구성하였다.

Comparison of college students' behavior toward nutrition information communication between Korea and the US

  • Kim, Chang-Sik;Bosselman, Robert;Choi, Hyung-Min;Lee, Keum Sil;Kim, Eojina;Moon, Hyeyoung;Jang, Yoon Jung;Ham, Sunny
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.401-411
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    • 2020
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The expansion of menu labeling to restaurants has created a need to study customers' behavior toward nutrition information. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare college students' behavior toward nutrition information communication between Korea and the US. This study consisted of three objectives: 1) to compare the frequency of usage as well as degree of trust regarding smartphone-based communication channels in the acquisition of nutrition information among college students between Korea and the US, 2) to compare knowledge-sharing behavior related to nutrition information among college students between Korea and the US, and 3) to identify the role of country in the process of knowledge-sharing behavior. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A survey was distributed via the web to college students in Korea and the US. Data were collected in the 2nd week of March 2017. Completed responses were collected from 423 Koreans and 280 Americans. Differences between Koreans and Americans were evaluated for statistical significance using a t-test. In order to verify the effects of knowledge self-efficacy and transactive memory capability on knowledge-sharing behavior related to nutrition information, a regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the frequency of usage as well as degree of trust in communication channels related to nutrition information between Korean and American college students. While knowledge self-efficacy and tractive memory capability had positive effects on knowledge-sharing behavior related to nutrition information, country had a significant effect on the process. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to compare customer behavior toward nutrition information acquisition and sharing between Korea and the US. Comparative research on nutrition information revealed differences among the different countries. Therefore, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on the nutrition information research, in particular, by providing a comparison study between countries.

포스트-미디엄과 포스트프로덕션 : 포스트모더니즘 이후 현대미술의 '동시대성(contemporaneity)' (Post-Medium and Postproduction: Contemporaneity of Contemporary Art)

  • 정연심
    • 미술이론과 현장
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    • 제14호
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    • pp.187-215
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    • 2012
  • In recent studies of art historical methodology, such as Critical Terms for Art History and The Art of Art History, subjectivity, identity, abjection, and other terms have been placed safely in the genealogy of contemporary art history. This paper questions the contemporaneity in the story of contemporary art in our time in relation to two other critical terms that have been regularly cited by contemporary critics, not only in Euro-American fields but also in Korea. The terms are postmedium and postproduction, respectively, as used by Rosalind Krauss and Nicolas Bourriaud. This paper stems from the critical condition in which art criticism and theory have their power in the rise of neo-liberalism. But this paper does not deal with the contemporary as a chronological term for art history but rather examines the three critical terms-contemporaneity, post-medium, and postproduction-that have garnered scholarly attention. I would like to put aside postmodernism for the moment; I don't disregard the postmodern condition although the death of postmodern critical terms has resulted in the loss of its polemical power in art worlds such as in exhibitions, etc. To look at "the postproduction in the age of post-medium age after postmodernism," I first explore Krauss's notion of post-medium because, unlike media artists like Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Krauss's post-medium condition is different and insists on medium specificity. In this sense, Krauss has turned out to be another Greenberg in disguise. For her, photography and video are expanded mediums after Greenberg, because Krauss has spent her life explicating those mediums. Under the Cup, her recent publication, came out in 2011, and discusses her desire to defend medium-specificity against the intermedia of installation art found ubiquitously in international exhibitions and biennales. Her usage of post-medium has been taken up by Weibel as postmedia in a broader sense. But whether the post-medium condition or the postmedia age, we nonetheless enter the new age of the contemporary. Consequently, this paper questions what constitutes contemporaneity in our times. It is said that there is nothing new on earth, yet I find original artistic strategies among the younger generation in the postmedia age. The contemporary justifies its place in art fields and criticism by keeping its distance from postmodernism although we still find the remnants of postmodern artistic practices and theoretical foundations. By looking at materials written by Terry Smith, I would like to examine contemporaneity as a rhetoric where artists, critics, and curators endeavor to set up a new spirit of criticism, distant from the past of modernism and postmodernism. In discussions, modernism and postmodernism act as catalysts interacting with each other while justifying their own place. In conclusion, my paper reaches to delineate where the contemporary finds its place among artists' responses and working methods. It explores the postproduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web generations, where images become data rather than representation (of modernism) and appropriation (of postmodernism). This paper analyzes Bourriaud's text, as well as relevant artists like Pierre Huyghe, Liam Gillick, and others. By examining the aforementioned critical terms, I would like to reconsider our own contemporary art in Korea, especially among young artists influenced by digital media and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

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미용업종사자의 미용기기 사용에 대한 분쟁해결과 정책적 과제 (Conflict resolution and political tasks on the usage of beauty care devices by beauty artists)

  • 김주리
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.83-105
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    • 2017
  • In contemporary society interest in and consumption of beauty treatment are increasing, raising interest in health and beauty. However, beauty-related laws are becoming factors of hindrance of beauty development. Currently the Public Health Control Act plays a basic role in the beauty art business in Korea, However the contents are in discord with international laws and its definition is not clear. Therefore it is causing conflicts of different occupations and job associations which are similar to art business. Especially, because neither definitions nor policies on beauty care devices exist in the Public Health Control Act, beauty care devices using in foreign countries cannot be used in Korea due to classification as medical devices. Under this circumstance, therefore, beauty care device uses by beauty artists violate the law. The government has tried to solve these irrational regulations. Recently, the Small and Medium Business Administration announced 'the improvement plan of small business and young founders site regulation for public economy recovery' in a ministerial meeting on December 28, 2016. Regulations on policy preparation for skincare devices were inclusive in this announcement. It is the question whether the regulations will be executed or not. Even though beauty industrial competitiveness was presented in the 18th Presidential Council on National Competitiveness in 2009, it was not practiced. The proposal bills for beauty law improvement have been put forth several times since 2000 including an improvement plan for regulating beauty care devices. However, so far there have been no improvements. The damage on the regulation classifying beauty devices as medical devices is not only restricted to skincare. This develops beauty devices and the beauty industry which imports and exports beauty devices. When beauty devices are exported, complicated procedures are unavoidable and when beauty devices are imported, irrational problems like reregistration procedures and costs occur. The reason why an improvement plan has not gone into practice is the resistance of the dermatologists' association. Dermatologists tend to stand positively against harming public health by saying that beauty devices used by beauty artists cause people to suffer side effects. In contrast, anyone who has a licence to use beauty devices is able to use them in foreign countries. It is not only infringement of one's right as a beauty artist but also people's right to receive beauty care services. With this reason, Korean's current law under which beauty devices are ruled as medical devices should be revised with accordance to domestic surroundings. Therefore in order to advance and globalize the beauty industry, the support and cooperation of the Korean government and relevant associations is needed to legislate and revise the beauty devices laws. The relevant associations abandon regional self-centeredness and cooperate to define ranges, size and management of beauty devices for safe use. If no collaboration exists, an arbitration agency should be established to solve the problem.