• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

한국 전통 발효유인 타락을 제조하기 위하여 4종의 시판 막걸리와 시판 우유를 사용한 '타락'을 제조하여 발효 특성을 분석하였으며 관여 미생물을 분석하였다. 제조된 타락에서의 pH는 발효시간에 따라 유의적으로(P<0.001) 감소되어 pH 5.56~6.49를 나타내고 산도는 유의적으로(P<0.001) 증가하여 0.17~0.40%의 값을 나타내었다. 점도는 유청이 분리되기 전까지 유의적으로(P<0.001) 증가하였다. 당도는 유의적으로(P<0.001) 감소하였다. 에탄올 함량은 시간에 따라 증가하여 발효 24시간에 0.51~0.71 mg/mL를 나타내었다. 발효산물로는 주된 유기산이 lactic acid로 발효시간에 따라 점차 증가하여 발효 24시간에서는 모든 시료에서 전체 유기산 생성량의 80% 이상을 차지하였으며 이외에 미량의 acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid도 검출되었다. 발효와 더불어 검출된 주된 유리당은 lactose였고 소량의 glucose가 나타났다. 타락의 젖산균 수는 발효시간에 따라 증가하여 발효 24시간에는 9.87~10.41 log CFU/mL로 나타났으며 효모 수는 6.99~7.73 log CFU/mL였다. 타락에서의 분리된 균주는 효모인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 다양한 Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus fermentum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides 등의 다양한 젖산균이 나타났다. 따라서 타락은 효모와 젖산균이 공존하는 효모-젖산균 발효유임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 1996

우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 약용작물인 당귀, 황기, 길경, 작약, 양유, 천궁, 시호 등의 생약재와 약초재배지 토양 254점을 채취하여 재배지의 토성을 분류하고 토성별 토양 및 생약재중 중금속함량을 분석 검토하여 얻어진 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 약용작물 재배지의 토성별 분포비율은 사양토 46.1%, 양토 26.0%, 양질사토 19.3%, 미사질양토 8.6%이었고 중립질인 양질토양(사양토, 양토, 미사질양토)에서 염농도, 유기물, 치환성 Ca 및 Mg함량이 높았던 반면 조립질인 사질토양(양질사토)에서는 유효태 $P_2O_5$함량이 높았다. 2. 토성별 토양의 중금속 함량은 크롬을 제외한 모든 성분이 양질사토보다 양질토양에서 높았다. 3. 당귀 생약재는 사양토에서 카드뮴, 양토에서 구리 및 크롬함량이 각각 높았고, 황기는 사양토에서 납 및 아연, 양토에서 구리 및 크롬함량이 높았다. 4. 길경 생약재는 양질사토에서 납함량이 높았고, 양유는 양질사토에서 아연, 사양토에서 납함량이 각각 높았고 작약은 사양토에서 납함량이 높게 나타났다. 5. 토성별 토양의 중금속함량과 생약재 간의 관계는 구리는 사양토 및 양토에서, 아연은 양토에서, 크롬은 사양토, 양토 및 양질사토에서 각각 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 보였다. 6. 토양 pH와 토양 중 Cd, Pb, Zn 및 Ni함량과는 정의 상관, CU함량과는 부의상관을 보였으며 생약재중 Cu함량과 정의 상관, Cd, Zn 및 Ni함량과는 부의 상관을 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2008

목 적 : Oxcarbazepine(OXC)은 대표적인 부분간질의 치료제로 2001년 미국 식약청으로 부터 승인을 받았으며 1970년대 말부터 임상 보고가 시작되었고 소아를 대상으로 OXC의 효용성 및 안전성에 대한 다수의 보고가 있다. 국내에는 1999년부터 임상적 적용이 시작되었으나 국내 소아 대상의 연구 보고가 제한적이다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 6년간 고려대학교 의료원 구로병원 소아과에 내원하여 OXC 투약을 시행하였던 환자 144명을 대상으로 후향적 자료 분석을 통해 효용성과 안전성을 연구하였다. 결 과 : OXC 투약 6개월 후 회복군은 77명(53.5%, n=144), 호전군은 48명(33.3%), 유지군은 14명(9.7%), 그리고 악화군은 5명(3.5%)이었고, 치료 12개월 후에는 회복군은 88명(61.1%, n=133), 호전군은 27명(18.8%), 유지군은 8명(5.6%), 그리고 악화군은 8명(5.6%)이었다. 단일요법 군의 회복군은 6개월 치료 후에 63명(66.3%, n=95), 12개월 치료 후에는 86명(90.5%, n=95)였으며 복합요법 군에서 6개월 투약 후에 회복군은 14명(28.6%, n=49), 치료 12개월 후에는 45명(91.8%, n=49)으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. OXC 투약 기간동안 부작용이 발생한 경우는 73명으로, 그 중 졸림(20.1%), 두통(12.5%), 어지러움(9.7%), 발진(8.3%), 피로함(4.2%) 등이 관찰되었으며 나이, 성별 및 약물 용량과는 유의한 인과관계가 없었다. 혈액 검사상 저나트륨혈증이 관찰된 경우는 총 24명(16.7%)이며 그 외 투약 후 검사 상 이상소견은 유의하게 관찰되지 않았다. 반면 투약 이후 빈혈의 빈도가 감소하였는데 혈색소와 체중 간에 유의한 상관관계는 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 OXC 의 효용성은 국외 보고와 비교하여 우수하거나 큰 차이가 없었으며, 위중한 부작용 사례는 없었다. 소아 간질 환자의 OXC 치료 시 참고가 되는 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2008

단일광자방출컴퓨터단층촬영(SPECT) 시 정확도의 개선을 위하여 산란과 감약의 보정, 분해능의 개선이 매우 중요하다. 특히 호흡이나 맥동에 대한 심장의 움직임은 보정 에러의 원인이 된다. 심장 팬텀이 보정방법에 대한 검증을 위해 사용되고 있으나, 현재 사용 중인 팬텀들은 실제 인체 데이터와 다른 점이 많이 나타나고 있다. 즉 팬텀을 사용한 결과는 임상데이터와 같게 취급할 수가 없다. 저자들은 흉곽의 인체 구조와 같은 신뢰성 있는 새로운 팬텀을 개발하였다. 새로운 팬텀은 폐와 심장의 전면, 측면 및 상부가 접하는 작은 종격구조를 가지고 있다. 용기는 아크릴로 만들었으며 종격은 물 등가물질을 사용하여 제조하였다. 폐는 에폭시레진의 고형 폴리우레탄 폼을 사용하였다. 5가지 크기의 심장은 게이트 심근관류 SPECT의 정량적 분석을 위하여 개발되었다. 심장팬텀들의 종격은 같은 포지션에 위치할 수 있도록 고안되었다. 완성된 팬텀은 간과 담낭에 부착되고 각각 높이 조절이 가능하다. 5개의 심실의 용적은 각각 150.0, 137.3, 83.1, 42.7과 38.6ml이다. 새로운 팬톰을 사용하여 SPECT 검사를 시행하고 보정법을 적용한 후에 영상의 차이를 검토하였다. 심장의 3차원 단층상이 효율적으로 재구성 되었으며 여러 가지 보정방법의 차이를 나타내기 위하여 주관적 평가도 시행하였다. 저자들은 SPECT영상과 QGS(Quantitative Gated SPECT) 결과로서 보정방법의 차이를 나타낼 수 있는 새로운 팬텀을 개발하여 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.633-645
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• 2008

In order to investigate the variations and corelation among $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$ concentrations, the hourly concentrations of each particle sizes of 300nm to $20{\mu}m$ at a city, Gangneung in the eastern mountainous coast of Korean peninsula have been measured by GRIMM aerosol sampler-1107 from March 7 to 17, 2004. Before the influence of the Yellow Dust event from China toward the city, $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$, concentrations near the ground of the city were very low less than $35.97{\mu}g/m^3,\;22.33{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;16.77{\mu}g/m^3$, with little variations. Under the partial influence of the dust transport from the China on March 9, they increased to $87.08{\mu}g/m^3,\;56.55{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;51.62{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{10}$ concentration was 1.5 times higher than $PM_{2.5}$ and 1.85 times higher than $PM_1$. Ratio of $(PM_{10}-PM_{2.5})/PM_{2.5}$ had a maximum value of 1.49 with an averaged 0.5 and one of $(PM_{2.5}-PM_1)/PM_1$ had a maximum value of 0.4 with an averaged 0.25. $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were largely influenced by particles smaller than $2.5{\mu}m\;and\;1{\mu}m$ particle sizes, respectively. During the dust event from the afternoon of March 10 until 1200 LST, March 14, $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$ concentrations reached $343.53{\mu}g/m^3,\;105{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;60{\mu}g/m^3$, indicating the $PM_{10}$ concentration being 3.3 times higher than $PM_{2.5}$ and 5.97 times higher than $PM_1$. Ratio of $(PM_{10}-PM_{2.5})/PM_{2.5}$ had a maximum value of 7.82 with an averaged 3.5 and one of $(PM_{2.5}-PM_1)/PM_1$, had a maximum value of 2.8 with an averaged 1.5, showing $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ concentrations largely influenced by particles greater than $2.5{\mu}m\;and\;1{\mu}m$ particle sizes, respectively. After the dust event, the most of PM concentrations became below $100{\mu}g/m^3$, except of 0900LST, March 15, showing the gradual decrease of their concentrations. Ratio of $(PM_{10}-PM_{2.5})/PM_{2.5}$ had a maximum value of 3.75 with an averaged 1.6 and one of $(PM_{2.5}-PM_1)/PM_1$ had a maximum value of 1.5 with an averaged 0.8, showing the $PM_{10}$ concentration largely influenced by corse particles than $2.5{\mu}m$ and the $PM_{2.5}$ by fine particles smaller than $1{\mu}m$, respectively. Before the dust event, correlation coefficients between $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$, were 0.89, 0.99 and 0.82, respectively, and during the dust event, the coefficients were 0.71, 0.94 and 0.44. After the dust event, the coefficients were 0.90, 0.99 and 0.85. For whole period, the coefficients were 0.54, 0.95 and 0.28, respectively.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.3-35
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• 2005

The meaning of Online ADR lies in the prompt and economical resolution of disputes by applying the information/communication element (Internet) to existing ADR. However, if the promptness and economical efficiency are overemphasized, the fairness and appropriateness of dispute resolution may be compromised and consequently Online ADR will be belittled and criticized as second-class trials. In addition, as communication is mostly made using texts in Online ADR it is difficult to investigate cases and to create atmosphere and induce dynamic feelings, which are possible in the process of dispute resolution through face-to-face contact. Despite such difficulties, Online ADR is expanding its area not only in online but also in offline due to its advantages such as promptness, low expenses and improved resolution methods, and is expected to develop rapidly as the electronic government decided to adopt it in the future. Accordingly, the following points must be focused on for the continuous First, in the legal and institutional aspects for the development of Online ADR, it is necessary to establish a framework law on ADR. A framework law on ADR comprehending existing mediation and arbitration should be established and it must include contents of Online ADR, which utilizes electronic communication means. However, it is too early to establish a separate law for Online ADR because Online ADR must develop based on the theoretical system of ADR. Second, although Online ADR is expanding rapidly, it may take time to be settled as a tool of dispute resolution. As discussed earlier, additionally, if the amount of money in dispute is large or the dispute is complicated, Online ADR may have a negative effect on the resolution of the dispute. Thus, it is necessary to apply Online ADR to trifle cases or domestic cases in the early stage, accumulating experiences and correcting errors. Moreover, in order to settle numerous disputes effectively, Online ADR cases should be analyzed systematically and cases should be classified by type so that similar disputes may be settled automatically. What is more, these requirements should reflected in developing Online ADR system. Third, the application of Online ADR is being expanded to consumer disputes, domain name disputes, commercial disputes, legal disputes, etc., millions of cases are settled through Online ADR, and 115 Online ADR sites are in operation throughout the world. Thus Online ADR requires not temporary but continuous attention, and mediators and arbitrators participating in Online ADR should be more intensively educated on negotiation and information technologies. In particular, government-led research projects should be promoted to establish Online ADR model and these projects should be supported by comprehensive researches on mediation, arbitration and Online ADR. Fourth, what is most important in the continuous development and expansion of Online ADR is to secure confidence in Online ADR and advertise Online ADR to users. For this, incentives and rewards should be given to specialists such as lawyers when they participate in Online ADR as mediators and arbitrators in order to improve their expertise. What is more, from the early stage, the government and public institutions should have initiative in promoting Online ADR so that parties involved in disputes recognize the substantial contribution of Online ADR to dispute resolution. Lastly, dispute resolution through Online ADR is performed by organizations such as Korea Institute for Electronic Commerce and Korea Consumer Protection Board and partially by Korean Commercial Arbitration Board. Online ADR is expected to expand its area to commercial disputes in offline in the future. In response to this, Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, which is an organization for commercial dispute resolution, needs to be restructured.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.147-176
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• 2003

This Paper Presents a new measurement technique to derive the level of BSRC (Basic Science and Research Capacity) index by use of the factor analysis which is extended with the assumption of the standard normal probability distribution of the selected explanatory variables. The new measurement method is used to forecast the gap of Korea's BSRC level compared with those of major OECD countries in terms of time lag and to make their international comparison during the time period of 1981∼1999, based on the assumption that the BSRC progress function of each country takes the form of the logistic curve. The US BSRC index is estimated to be 0.9878 in 1981, 0.9996 in 1990 and 0.99991 in 1999, taking the 1st place. The US BSRC level has been consistently the top among the 16 selected variables, followed by Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, in order. Korea's BSRC is estimated to be 0.2293 in 1981, taking the lowest place among the 16 OECD countries. However, Korea's BSRC indices are estimated to have been increased to 0.3216 (in 1990) and 0.44652 (in 1999) respectively, taking 10th place. Meanwhile, Korea's BSRC level in 1999 (0.44652) is estimated to reach those of the US and Japan in 2233 and 2101, respectively. This means that Korea falls 234 years behind USA and 102 years behind Japan, respectively. Korea is also estimated to lag 34 years behind Germany, 16 years behind France and the UK, 15 years behind Sweden, 11 years behind Canada, 7 years behind Finland, and 5 years behind the Netherlands. For the period of 1981∼1999, the BSRC development speed of the US is estimated to be 0.29700. Its rank is the top among the selected OECD countries, followed by Japan (0.12800), Korea (0.04443), and Germany (0.04029). the US BSRC development speed (0.2970) is estimated to be 2.3 times higher than that of Japan (0.1280), and 6.7 times higher than that of Korea. German BSRC development speed (0.04029) is estimated to be fastest in Europe, but it is 7.4 times slower than that of the US. The estimated BSRC development speeds of Belgium, Finland, Italy, Denmark and the UK stand between 0.01 and 0.02, which are very slow. Particularly, the BSRC development speed of Spain is estimated to be minus 0.0065, staying at the almost same level of BSRC over time (1981 ∼ 1999). Since Korea shows BSRC development speed much slower than those of the US and Japan but relative]y faster than those of other countries, the gaps in BSRC level between Korea and the other countries may get considerably narrower or even Korea will surpass possibly several countries in BSRC level, as time goes by. Korea's BSRC level had taken 10th place till 1993. However, it is estimated to be 6th place in 2010 by catching up the UK, Sweden, Finland and Holland, and 4th place in 2020 by catching up France and Canada. The empirical results are consistent with OECD (2001a)'s computation that Korea had the highest R&D expenditures growth during 1991∼1999 among all OECD countries ; and the value-added of ICT industries in total business sectors value added is 12% in Korea, but only 8% in Japan. And OECD (2001b) observed that Korea, together with the US, Sweden, and Finland, are already the four most knowledge-based countries. Hence, the rank of the knowledge-based country was measured by investment in knowledge which is defined as public and private spending on higher education, expenditures on R&D and investment in software.

• 인문언어
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• 제7집
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• pp.271-289
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• 2005

Dans cet article, nous discutons de certains $probl{\grave{e}}mes$ syntaxiques en ayant recours $\grave{a}$ la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ linguistique de Milner. Nous remettons en question $l'ind{\acute{e}}pendance$ et $l'identit{\acute{e}}$ de la structure syntaxique, la relation entre le plan syntaxique et le plan lexical, le $caract{\grave{e}}re$ de la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ de la syntaxe, etc.. La discussion est non seulement linguistique mais aussi interdisciplinaire et ${\acute{e}}pist{\acute{e}}mologique$, dans la mesure $o{\grave{u}}$ nous examinons la nature de $l'entit{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique et la $m{\acute{e}}thode$ "scientifique" de la syntaxe qui donne $acc{\grave{e}}s$ $\grave{a}$ $l'entit{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique. Selon Milner, il faut distinguer la place du terme lexical avec la position syntaxique qui est $l'entit{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique. La $premi{\grave{e}}re$ n'est pas syntaxique $\grave{a}$ strictement parler, mais elle, observable contrairement $\grave{a}$ la seconde, sert $\grave{a}$ conjecturer la dimension syntaxique, $c'est-\grave{a}-dire$ le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ positionnel. Le dispositif $th{\acute{e}}orique$ dans la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ linguistique de Milner n'est rien d'autre que l'ensemble des propositions qui permet, en absence d'observatoire, de conjecturer le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ positionnel sur la base du $syst{\grave{e}}me$ des places. Dire $l'ind{\acute{e}}pendance$ de la structure syntaxique revient $\grave{a}$ dire qu'il y a une coupure entre le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ positionnel et le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ des places. Autrement dit, sans cette coupure, on ne peut parler de $l'ind{\acute{e}}pendance$ de la structure syntaxique. Ainsi $distingu{\acute{e}}s$, les deux $syst{\grave{e}}mes$ en cause se mettent en relation soit naturels soit non naturels ou par distorsion $d'apr{\grave{e}}s$ Milner. La relation naturelle est une relation lexico-syntaxique $n{\acute{e}}e$ au moment $o{\grave{u}}$ un terme lexical occupe une position syntaxique dont la $cat{\acute{e}}gorie$ est identique $\grave{a}$ celle de son occupant. A la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ de cette relation d'occupation naturelle $suppos{\acute{e}}e$ chez Milner comme une tendance du langage naturel, la relation d'occupation non naturelle est "paradoxale" dans le sens $o{\grave{u}}$ elle est produite dans la rencontre plus ou moins "anomale" entre l'occupant lexical et $l'occup{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique. Le $degr{\acute{e}}$ de l'anomalie qu'une langue autorise peut ${\hat{e}}tre$ $mesur{\acute{e}}$ empiriquement et doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ $vari{\acute{e}}$ en fonction de la langue $concern{\acute{e}}e$. Le $caract{\grave{e}re$ $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trique$ de la syntaxe $am{\grave{e}}ne$ ${\grave{a}}$ remettre en cause, entre autres, $l'empiricit{\acute{e}}$ et la $mat{\acute{e}}rialit{\acute{e}}$ de la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ syntaxique. En ce qui concerne ces sujets, nos $th{\grave{e}}ses$ sont les suivantes : la nature de la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ syntaxique n'est pas a priori mais empirique ; la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ de la syntaxe peut et doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ construite $\grave{a}$ l'aide de la logique "empirique".

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2008

목적: 외상 후 복합부위통증증후군으로 진단된 환자에서 시행한 삼상 뼈 스캔의 판독 신뢰도를 평가하기 위하여 판독 일치도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 국제통증연구학회(IASP) 기준에 따라 외상 후 복합부위통증증후군으로 진단된 34명을 대상으로 하였다. 두 명의 핵의학 전문의가 삼상 뼈 스캔의 세부영상에서 섭취의 양상, 정도와 범위를 평가하여 관찰자내 와 관찰자간 일치도(kappa value)를 구하였다. 환측 사지 전체의 관류와 섭취가 증가되었을 때(기준 1), 지연영상에서 전체적으로 증가되었을 때(기준2), 국소이상의 섭취가 증가되었을 때(기준3)를 양성으로 판정하는 기준에 따라 재분류하여 판독자 임의로 분류하였을 때와 최종판독 일치도를 비교하였다. 결과: 세 영상에서 섭취 양상, 정도, 범위에 대한 관찰자내 일치도는 우수하였다. 세부 영상에 대한 관찰자간 일치도(0.64-0.90)에 비하여 혈액풀의 섭취 범위에 대한 일치도는 낮았다(0.55). 관찰자간 일치도는 임의의 기준으로 최종 판정하였을 때(0.63)에 비하여 공통의 양성 판정 기준에 따라 다시 분류하였을 때 약간 향상되었다(0.77-0.88). 임상시기별 임의 기준으로 분류한 관찰자간 일치도는(급성: 0.29, 만성: 0.37) 양성 판정 기준을 적용시에 크게 향상되었다(급성: 0.47-0.82, 만성: 1.0). 임상시기별 예민도는 급성에 비해 만성에서 대체적으로 낮았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 외상 후 복합부위통증증후군 환자에서 시행한 삼상 뼈 스캔의 판독 시 관찰자간 변동성이 있는 것이 검증되었다. 그 변동성은 양성 평가의 기준이 관찰자마다 다른데서 기인하였다. 외상 후 복합통증증후군 환자에서 삼상 뼈 스캔의 판독 신뢰도를 높이기 위해서는 세부 영상 및 임상시기에 따른 구체적인 양성 판정 기준을 정할 필요가 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

This study was done to compile 104 experimental theses which are related to the antitumor and immuno-activating therapies between February 1990 through February 2002. Master's and doctoral theses were dassified by schools, degrees, materials, effects, experimental methods of antitumor and immunoactivity, and results. The following results were obtained from this study : 1. Classifying the theses by the school, 34.6% were presented by Daejeon University, 29.8% by Kyung-hee University and 11.5% by Won-kwang University. Of all theses, 51.0% were aimed for the doctoral degree and 43.3% were for the master's degree. All of three universities have their own cancer centers. 2. Classifying the theses by herb materials, complex prescription accounted for 60.3%, single herb accounted for 24.8% and herbal acupuncture accounted for 14.2%. Considering the key principles of the traditional medicine, complex prescription was much more thoroughly studied than single herb prescription. The results showed that the complex prescription had both antitumor activity and immuno-activating activity, which might reflects on multi-activation mechanisms by complex components. 3. Classifying the theses by the efficacy of herbs examined, in single herb, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 35.5%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.0%, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis was 12.9%. In herbal acupuncture, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 52.9%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.4%. In complex prescription, pathogen-free status was 41.9%, strengthening healthy qi to eliminate pathogen was 35.5%, strengthening healthy qi was 22.6%. It is presumed that the antitumor and immunoactivating therapy based on syndrome differentiation is the best way to develop oriental oncology. 4. Classifying the theses by antitumor experiments, cytotoxic effect was 48.1 %, survival time was 48.1 % and change of tumor size was 42.3%. Survival rate was not necessarily correlated with cytotoxicity. These data reflect the characteristic, wholistic nature of the oriental medicine which is based on BRM (biological response modifier). 5. Classifying the theses by immunoactivating experiments, hemolysin titer was 51.0%, hemagglutinin titer was 46.2% and NK cell's activity was 44.2%. In the future studies, an effort to elucidate specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytokine production in the body would be crucial. 6. Classifying the theses according to the data in terms of antitumor activity, 50% was evaluated good, 24.0% was excellent, and 15.5% have no effect. In an evaluation of immuno-activating activity, 35.9% was excellent and 18.0% showed a little effect. The index point, as described here, may helps to use experimental data for clinical trials. Changes in index points by varying dosage implicate the importance of oriental medical theory for prescription. 7. In 167 materials, IIP (immunoactivating index point, mean : 3.12±0.07) was significantly higher than AIP(antitumor index point, mean : 2.83±0.07). These data demonstrate that the effect of herb medicine on tumor activity depends more on immunoactivating activity than antitumor activity. This further implies that the development of herbal antitumor drugs must be preceded by the mechanistic understanding of immunoactivating effect. 8. After medline-searching tumor and herb-related articles from NCBI web site, we conclude that most of the studies are primarily focused on biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways. Henceforth, we need to define the biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways affected by herbs or complicated prescriptions. 9. Therefore, the most important point of oriental medical oncology is to conned between experimental results and clinical trials. For the public application of herbal therapy to cancer, it is critical to present the data to mass media. 10. To develop the relationship of experimental results and clinical trials, university's cancer clinic must have a long-range plan related to the university laboratories and, at the same time, a regular consortium for this relationship is imperative. 11. After all these efforts, a new type herbal medicine for cancer therapy which is to take care of the long-term administering and safety problem must be developed. Then, it would be expected that anti-tumor herbal acupuncture can improve clinical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients. 12. Finally, oriental medical cancer center must be constructed in NCC (National Cancer Center) or government agency for the development of oriental medical oncology which has international competitive power.