Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 Concentrations in a Mountainous Coastal City, Gangneung Before and After the Yellow Dust Event in Spring

봄철 황사 전후 산악연안도시, 강릉시에서 PM1, PM2.5, PM10의 농도비교

  • Choi, Hyo (Department of Atmospheric Environmental Sciences, Kangnung National University)
  • 최효 (강릉대학교 대기환경과학과)
  • Published : 2008.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to investigate the variations and corelation among $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$ concentrations, the hourly concentrations of each particle sizes of 300nm to $20{\mu}m$ at a city, Gangneung in the eastern mountainous coast of Korean peninsula have been measured by GRIMM aerosol sampler-1107 from March 7 to 17, 2004. Before the influence of the Yellow Dust event from China toward the city, $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$, concentrations near the ground of the city were very low less than $35.97{\mu}g/m^3,\;22.33{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;16.77{\mu}g/m^3$, with little variations. Under the partial influence of the dust transport from the China on March 9, they increased to $87.08{\mu}g/m^3,\;56.55{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;51.62{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{10}$ concentration was 1.5 times higher than $PM_{2.5}$ and 1.85 times higher than $PM_1$. Ratio of $(PM_{10}-PM_{2.5})/PM_{2.5}$ had a maximum value of 1.49 with an averaged 0.5 and one of $(PM_{2.5}-PM_1)/PM_1$ had a maximum value of 0.4 with an averaged 0.25. $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were largely influenced by particles smaller than $2.5{\mu}m\;and\;1{\mu}m$ particle sizes, respectively. During the dust event from the afternoon of March 10 until 1200 LST, March 14, $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$ concentrations reached $343.53{\mu}g/m^3,\;105{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;60{\mu}g/m^3$, indicating the $PM_{10}$ concentration being 3.3 times higher than $PM_{2.5}$ and 5.97 times higher than $PM_1$. Ratio of $(PM_{10}-PM_{2.5})/PM_{2.5}$ had a maximum value of 7.82 with an averaged 3.5 and one of $(PM_{2.5}-PM_1)/PM_1$, had a maximum value of 2.8 with an averaged 1.5, showing $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ concentrations largely influenced by particles greater than $2.5{\mu}m\;and\;1{\mu}m$ particle sizes, respectively. After the dust event, the most of PM concentrations became below $100{\mu}g/m^3$, except of 0900LST, March 15, showing the gradual decrease of their concentrations. Ratio of $(PM_{10}-PM_{2.5})/PM_{2.5}$ had a maximum value of 3.75 with an averaged 1.6 and one of $(PM_{2.5}-PM_1)/PM_1$ had a maximum value of 1.5 with an averaged 0.8, showing the $PM_{10}$ concentration largely influenced by corse particles than $2.5{\mu}m$ and the $PM_{2.5}$ by fine particles smaller than $1{\mu}m$, respectively. Before the dust event, correlation coefficients between $PM_{10},\;PM_{2.5}\;and\;PM_1$, were 0.89, 0.99 and 0.82, respectively, and during the dust event, the coefficients were 0.71, 0.94 and 0.44. After the dust event, the coefficients were 0.90, 0.99 and 0.85. For whole period, the coefficients were 0.54, 0.95 and 0.28, respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Carmichael G. R., 1997, Tropospheric ozone production and transport in the springtime in east Asia, Proc. Third International Joint Seminar on the Regional Deposition Processes in the Atmosphere, Nov., Nara, Japan, 56-65
  2. Chon H., 1994, Historical records of yellow sand observations in China, Res. Env. Sci., 7-6, 1-11
  3. Chung Y. S., Yoon M. B., 1996, On the occurrence of yellow sand and atmospheric loadings, Atmos. Env., 30, 2387-2397 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00251-0
  4. Duce R. A., Unni B. C., Ray K. J., Prospero J. M., Merril J. T., 1980, Long-range transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific: temporal variability, Science, 209, 1522-1524 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.209.4464.1522
  5. Fei J., Qing Y., 1998, The numerical simulation on dust-storm over east Asia II: A case analysis, (J), Acta Sce. Natur. Univ. Pekinensis, 34(5), 639-645
  6. Gao Y., Anderson J. R., 2001, Characteristics of Chinese aerosols determined by individual particle analysis, J. Geophy. Res., 106 (D16), 18037-18045 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900725
  7. Huang M., Wang Z., 1998, A model for long-range transport of yellow sand in East Asia, Atmos. Sinica, 22, 625-637
  8. Jigjidsuren S., Oyuntsetseg S., 1998, Pastureland utilization problems and ecosystem. Ecological sustainable development, Ulaanbaatar, 2, 206-212
  9. Choi S. W., Song H. D., 1999, Variation of concentration of heavy metal during Yellow sand period of winter season at Taegu area, Bull. Env. Sci., 4(11), 1-13
  10. Chun Y. S., Kim J. Y., Choi J. C., Boo K. O., Oh S. N., Lee M. H., 2001, Characteristic number size distribution of aerosol during Asian dust period in Korea, Amos. Env., 35, 2715-2721
  11. Chung Y. S., Kim H. S., Natsagdorj L., Jugder D., Chen S.J., 2001, On yellow sand occurred during 1997-2000, J. Korean Meteor. Soc., 37, 305-316
  12. Chung Y. S., Kim H. S., Jugder D., Natsagdorj L., Chen S. J., 2003, On sand and duststorms and associated significant dustfall observed in Chongju -Chongwon, Korea, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut.: Focuss, 3, 5-19
  13. Wang Z., Ueda H., Huang M., 2000, A deflation module for use in modeling long-range transport of yellow sand over East Asia, J. Geophy. Res., 26,
  14. Westphal D., Toon O. B., Carson T. N., 1987, A two-dimensional numerical investigation of the dynamics and microphysics of Saharan dust storms, J. Geophy. Res., 92, 3027-3049 https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD03p03027
  15. Xuan J., Sokolik I. N., 2002, Characterization of sources and emission rates of mineral dust in Northern China, Atmos. Env., 36, 4863-4876 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00585-X
  16. Yamamoto K., Aoyama M., Ito K., Kasahara M., Kitada T., Kurata G., 2003, Development of long range transport model for mineral dust in east Asia, Proc. ASAAQ conference, March, Tsukuba, Japan
  17. Zhang Y., Zhong Y., 1985, The simulation and diagnosis for a strong wind associated with northeast low, Acta Meteor. Sinica, 43, 97-105
  18. Phadnis M. J., Carmichael G. R., 2000, Numerical investigation of the influence of mineral dust on the tropospheric chemistry of East Asia, J. Atmos. Chem., 36, 285-323 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006391626069
  19. Choi H., Zhang Y. H., Takahashi S., 2004, Recycling of suspended particulates by the interaction of sealand breeze circulation and complex coastal terrain, Meteor. & Atmos. Phys., 109-120
  20. Choi H., Speer M. S., 2007, Influences of secondary chemical gas processes on PM$_{1}$, PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$ concentrations over the Korean coast, Advances in Geophy, 8, 209-224
  21. Choi H., Choi D. S., 2008, concentrations of PM$_{10}$, PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{1}$ influenced by atmospheric circulation and atmospheric boundary layer in the Korean mountainous coast during duststorm period, Atmos. Res., DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.018
  22. Choi H., Zhang Y. H., 2008, Prediction of duststorm evolution by vorticity theory, Atmos. Res., DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.03.019
  23. Choi H., Zhang Y. H., Kim K. H., 2008, Sudden high concentration of TSP affected by atmospheric boundary layer in Seoul metropolitan area during duststorm period, Env. International, DOI:10.1016/j.envint. 2007.12.023
  24. Kim H. K., Kim M. Y., 2003, The effects of Asian dust on particulate matter fractionation in Seoul, Korea during spring 2001, Atmos. Env., 51, 707-721
  25. Kim H. K., Kim M. Y., Kim J., Lee G., 2002, The concentrations and fluxes of total gaseous mercury in a western coastal area of Korea during the ate March period of 2001, Atmos. Env., 1352-2310
  26. Lin T. H., 2001, Long-range transport of yellow sand to Taiwan in spring 2000: Observed evidence and simulation, Atmos. Env., 35, 5873-5882 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00392-2
  27. McKendry I. G., Hacker J. P., Stull R., Sakiyama S., Mignacca D., Reid K., 2001: Long-range transport of Asian dust to the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada, J. Geophy. Res., 106 (D16), 18361-18370 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900359
  28. Murayama N., 1988, Dust cloud 'Kosa' from the east Asian dust storms in 1982-1988 as observed by the GMS satellite. Meteor. Sctell. Cent. Tech., Note, 17, 1-8
  29. Natsagdorj L., 1992: Strong wind frequency around the Bulgan Soum of Umnigobi Aimag, Publication of Hydro-Meteor., Res. Institute of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 7, 74-80

Cited by

  1. Double Compressions of Atmospheric Depth by Geopotential Tendency, Vorticity, and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Affected Abrupt High Particulate Matter Concentrations at a Coastal City for a Yellow Dust Period in October vol.2014, pp.1687-9317, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/756230
  2. The Estimation of Monthly Average Solar Radiation using Sunshine Duration and Precipitation Observation Data in Gangneung Region vol.37, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.1.29