• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2017

In Korea, Rhus verniciflua Stokes is used to purge hardness, alleviate blood stasis, and treat cancer. However, the mechanisms of related anti-cancer activity are not fully understood in human cancer cells. This study investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of Rhus verniciflua Stokes on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and found that treatment with a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract resulted in time- and concentration-responses that indicated growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by induced apoptosis. This was followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential; the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9; and the up-regulation of tBid. Caspase-dependent apoptosis was induced through the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Akt signaling pathway. This study provides evidence that Rhus verniciflua Stokes might be useful for the treatment of breast cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.162-175
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• 2005

Backgrounds : Two stress pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, regulate immune system responses through release of corticosteroids, norepinephrine and epinephrine. respectively. These neuromediators act on immune cells via specific receptors on their surface to modulate the production of key regulatory cytokines. Objectives : To evaluate the preventive effects of oriental medicine Hyeolbuchukyeo-tang (HC) on stress. Methods : Mice were divided into three groups: nounal group, control group under immobilization stress and HC group which received Hyeolbuchukyeo-tang (HC) under immobilization stress. following sacrifice, their splenocytes were isolated and splenocyte surface markers were determined. The brains were removed and mRNA determined. In vivo, we separated RNA Iron cultured macrophages (RAW264.7). Results : In our study, immune functions were decreased in stress due mainly to changes of various neuromediators, cytokines and macrophage activities, and the treatment of HC increased those expressions. Conclusions : In summary, the present study documents the anti-stress effects of HC through stress-immune regulation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1973

The blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin(IRI) levels were measured glucose tolerance test in 7 healthy subjects and 6 patients with chronic liver diseases. The glucose tolerance was impaired in 5 of the 6 patients and normal in 1. Plasma IRI responses were markedly increased and delayed in all patients, suggesting insulin resistance. Patients with more glucose intolerance showed less increase in plasma IRI than the group with less intolerance. It is suggested that some insulin antagonists may decrease the peripheral insulin sensitivity and stimulate compensatory hyperactivity of pancreatic islets. If the compensatory hyperactivity is inadequate due to genetic predisposition to diabetes mellitus or exhaustion of ${\beta}$-cells of pancreatic islsts, the glucose intolerance and overt diabetes mellitus may ensue.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권2호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2020

The coupled hydro-mechanical loading conditions commonly occur in the geothermal and petroleum engineering projects, which is significantly important influence on the stability of rock masses. In this article, the influence of flaw inclination angle of fracture behaviors in rock-like materials subjected to both mechanical loads and internal hydraulic pressures is experimentally studied using the 3-D X-ray computed tomography combined with 3-D reconstruction techniques. Triaxial compression experiments under confining pressure of 8.0 MPa are first conducted for intact rock-like specimens using a rock mechanics testing system. Four pre-flawed rock-like specimens containing a single open flaw with different inclination angle under the coupled hydro-mechanical loading conditions are carried out. Then, the broken pre-flawed rock-like specimens are analyzed using a 3-D X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning system. Subsequently, the internal damage behaviors of failed pre-flawed rock-like specimens are evaluated by the 3-D reconstruction techniques, according to the horizontal and vertical cross-sectional CT images. The present experimental does not only focus on the mechanical responses, but also pays attentions to the internal fracture characteristics of rock-like materials under the coupled hydro-mechanical loading conditions. The conclusion remarks are significant for predicting the rock instability in geothermal and unconventional petroleum engineering.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.506-509
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• 2008

A 2-month-old, intact female white Bull Terrier presented because of suspected deafness. The coat color was predominantly white and the iris color, of both eyes, was brown. The dog did not respond to the owner's voice when the sound stimuli were presented outside of the visual field; however, the dog responded to visual gestures. The other physical, neurological, otoscopic, radiographic, and blood examinations were unremarkable. To assess the apparent deafness, brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were recorded and analyzed in the dog with suspected deafness as well as a normal littermate. The response in the normal littermate consisted of a series of five wave peaks (I-V) with decreased amplitude and prolonged latency as the stimulus intensity decreased. The BAER from the dog suspected of deafness appeared as a flat line and did not reveal identifiable peaks that corresponded to those found in the normal littermate. Thus, congenital, sensorineural and bilateral deafness was confirmed by the BAER.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2939-2948
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• 2020

This paper presents an analytic solution procedure of the rotationally restrained hinged-hinged beam subjected to transverse motions at supports based on EBT (Euler-Bernoulli beam theory). The EBT solutions are compared with the solutions based on TBT (Timoshenko beam theory) for a wide range of the rotational restraint parameter (kL/EI) of slender beams whose slenderness ratio is greater than 100. The comparison shows the followings. The internal loads such as bending moment and shearing force of an extremely thin beam obtained by EBT show a good agreement with those obtained by TBT. But the discrepancy between two solutions of internal loads tends to increase as the slenderness ratio decreases. A careful examination shows that the discrepancy of the internal loads originates from their dynamic components whereas their static components show a little difference between EBT and TBT. This result suggests that TBT should be employed even for slender beams to consider the rotational effect and the shear deformation effect on dynamic components of the internal loads. The influence of the parameter on boundary conditions is examined by manipulating the spring stiffness from zero to a sufficiently large value.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.489-503
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• 2022

A 1257-m-long irregular deep foundation pit located in the central of Nanjing, China was constructed using the combined full-width and half-width top-down method. Based on the long-term field monitoring data, this study analyzed the evolution characteristics of the vertical movement of the columns, internal force of the struts, and axial force of the structural beam and slab. The relevance of the three mentioned above and their relationship with the excavation process, structural system, and geological conditions were also investigated. The results showed that the column uplift was within the range of 0.08% to 0.22% of the excavation depth, and the embedded depth ratio of the diaphragm wall and the bottom heave affected significantly on the column uplift. The differential settlement between the column and diaphragm wall remained unchanged after the base slab was cast. The final settlement of the diaphragm wall was twice the column uplift. The internal force of the struts did not varied monotonically but was related to numerous factors such as the excavation depth, number of struts, and environmental conditions. Additionally, the dynamic force and deformation of the columns, beams, and slabs were analyzed to investigate the inherent relationship and variation patterns of the responses of different parts of the structure.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1354-1361
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• 2023

Objectives: This study reports a clinical case that showed improvement in the symptoms of a patient with acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) through ultrasound. Methods: A 90-year-old woman with AGML was treated with Korean medicine treatments, including Hyangsapyeongwisan Soft Ext, acupuncture, and moxibustion. The responses before and after treatment were evaluated using ultrasound imaging and the numerical rating scale (NRS). Results: After treatment, ultrasound imaging showed improvement in gastric mucosa thickness, from 1.45 cm to 0.53 cm at the anterior wall and from 1.25 cm to 0.36 cm at the posterior wall. The NRS scores for epigastric pain, nausea, and dizziness all decreased, and the symptoms of diarrhea disappeared. Conclusion: This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment can be a therapeutic option in treating the symptoms of patients with AGML.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1999

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic eosinophilic inflammatory airway disease associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Bronchial inflammation in asthma may depend in part on the activation of T helper lymphocytes that elaborate proinflammatory cytokines. T helper (Th) lymphocytes can be divided into two categories; Th1 lymphocytes, which secrete IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$, and Th2 lymphocytes, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10. Th2 lymphocytes appear to induce allergic responses, whereas Th1 lymphocytes induce delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Some infections, such as tuberculosis, cultivate a Th1 immunological environment and inhibit Th2 lymphocytes function. The presence of such infections might inhibit Th2 immune responses and thus protect development of atopic diseases. Method: 15 patients with allergic bronchial asthma, 10 patients with intrinsic bronchial asthma, and 10 healthy volunteers were studied. The serum concentrations of IFN-$\gamma$, IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA method and tuberculin skin test was estimated in different groups. Results: The positive response rates of tuberculin test were 46.7% in patients with allergic asthma, 100% in patients with intrinsic asthma and 60% in normal controls. The positive response rates were significantly lower in patients with allergic asthma than those of in patients with intrinsic asthma (p<0.05). Degree of responses to tuberculin test were $12.0{\pm}9.6mm$ in patients with allergic asthma, $18.4{\pm}4.5mm$ in patients with intrinsic asthma and $10.9{\pm}8.8mm$ in normal controls. The degree of responses were significantly reduced in patients with allergic asthma than those of patients with intrinsic asthma (p<0.05). The serum levels of IL-5 in patients with allergic asthma were significantly higher than in patients with intrinsic asthma and normal controls (p<0.05), although it was insignificant. the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with allergic asthma were higher than that of intrinsic asthma and normal controls. The serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ in patients with allergic asthma and intrinsic asthma were significantly lower than those in normal controls(p<0.05). The serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and peripheral blood eosinophile counts in patients with allergic asthma were significantly higher than those in normal controls. Peripheral blood esinophil counts had a significant correlation with the serum levels of total IgE, IL-5 and IL-10 in patients with allergic asthma (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results have showed that Th1 lymphocyte functions were lowered and Th2 lymphocyte functions were elevated in patients with allergic asthma than those in normal controls. Suppression of Th1 lymphocyte functions by activation of Th2 lymphocyte might be one of the important aspects of pathogenesis in allergic bronchial asthma.

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• 제72권6호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2018

Background/Aims: The predictive factors of functional dyspepsia (FD) remain controversial. Therefore, we sought to investigate symptom responses in FD patients after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and used predictive factor analysis to identify significant factors of FD resolution at one-year after commencing eradication therapy. Methods: This prospective, multi-center clinical trial was performed on 65 FD patients that met Rome III criteria and had H. pylori infection. Symptom responses and factors that predicted poor response were determined by analysis one year after commencing H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: A total of 63 patients completed the one-year follow-up. When an eradication success group (n=60) and an eradication failure group (n=3) were compared with respect to FD response rate at one year, results were as follows; complete response 73.3% and 0.0%, satisfactory response 1.7% and 0.0%, partial response 10.0% and 33.3%, and refractory response 15.0% and 66.7%, respectively (p=0.013). Univariate analysis showed persistent H. pylori infection (p=0.021), female gender (p=0.025), and medication for FD during the study period (p=0.013) were associated with poor FD response at one year. However, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and underlying disease were not found to affect response. Finally, multivariate analysis showed that female gender (OR, 4.70; 95% CI, 1.17-18.88) was the sole independent risk factor of poor FD response at one year after commencing H. pylori eradication therapy. Conclusions: Female gender was found to predict poor response in FD patients despite H. pylori eradication. Furthermore, successful H. pylori eradication appears to be associated with FD improvement, but the number of non-eradicated patients was too small to conclude.