• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.276-286
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• 1988

In this paper, HLML-C (High Level Microprogramming Language C) is proposed, which is independent of target machines and has similar strucrure to C language. The HLML-C operations are defined for a abstract machine which contains characteristics of various microarchitectures, and can extend to define a target machine's special operations for efficient microcode generation. A microprogram written in this language is translated into a machine independent intermediate language on abstract machine with the information of a target machine's resource usage and then microoperations of a target machine. The HLML-C compiler is implemented with yacc and C language on VAX-11/750 (4.3 BSD) computer. Through the various test microprogram applied to HLML-C compiler, their results are analyzed.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.159-181
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of presentation-based instruction and to suggest a model of instruction targeted to the Korean intermediate level students learning English as a foreign language (EFL). To achieve this objective, the author examined how the acquisition of practical English through oral presentation would enhance the students' learning motivation, language abilities, and communicative competence in concrete situations. It was confirmed that the trained leader and systematic teaching and learning are needed to maximize the effects of presentation-based instruction. In doing so, the author compared and analyzed the collected data in order to support the validity of this teaching method. It was further pointed out that the teacher should have a close look at the roles of the presenter and learner in an effort to work out the usefulness of such an instruction model. The method of presentation in classroom settings would be a practical mode to attain the essential purpose of EFL teaching particularly to get over the drawbacks of Korean students' communicative competence. As a result, it would be an effective teaching method to meet the nation's long-standing demands for EFL education.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Korean and English are both known to show on-focus pitch range expansion and post-focus pitch range compression (PFC). But it is not clear if this prosodic similarity would make it easy for Korean speakers to learn English focus prosody. In the present study, we conducted a production experiment using phone number strings to examine whether Korean learners of English produce a native-like focus prosody. Korean learners of English were classified into three groups (advanced, intermediate and low) according to their English proficiency and were compared to native speakers. Results show that intermediate and low groups of speakers did not increase duration, intensity, and pitch in the focus positions, nor did they compress those cues in the post-focus positions. Advanced speakers noticeably increased the acoustic cues in the focus positions to a similar extent as native speakers. However, their performance in post-focus positions was quite far from that of native speakers in terms of pitch and excursion size. These results thus demonstrate a lack of positive transfer of focus prosody from Korean to English in L2 learning, and learners may have to relearn it from scratch, which is consistent with a previous finding. More importantly, the results provide further support for the view proposed in other works that acoustic properties of PFC were not easily transferred from one language to another.

• 한국어교육
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.255-294
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• 2018

The Buckwheat Season, evaluated as the best of Lee Hyo-seok's literature, is one of the short stories that represent Korean literature. However, vivid literary expressions such as lyrical and beautiful depictions, figurative expressions and dialects, which show the Korean beauty, rather make learners have difficulty and become a factor that fails in reading comprehension. Thus, it is necessary to revise and present the text modified for the learners' language level. The methods of revising a literary text include the revision of linguistic elements such as cryptic vocabulary or sentence structure and the revision of the composition of the text, e.g. suggestion of characters or plot, or insertion of illustration. The methods of revising the language of the text can be divided into methods of simplification and detailing. However, in the process of revising the text, many depend on the adapter's subjective perception, not revising it with objective criteria. This paper revised the text, utilizing by the Academy of Korean Studies, , and the by the National Institute of Korean Language to secure objectivity in revising the text.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

This corpus-based study investigated third language acquisition by Taiwanese college students in learning Spanish clitic pronouns at beginning and intermediate levels. It examined the acquisition sequences of Spanish clitic pronouns of the Chinese-speaking learners whose second language was English and third language was Spanish. The results indicated that indirect object pronouns (OP) preceded direct OP (case), first person preceded third person OP (person), masculine preceded feminine OP (gender), and animate preceded inanimate OP (animacy). The findings presented similar patterns as those of previous studies on English-speaking learners of Spanish. In further comparisons of the target forms in Chinese, English, and Spanish, the results suggested that L1 Chinese had strong influence on L3 Spanish, which accounts for the challenges that Taiwanese learners of Spanish face as they learn the Spanish clitic pronouns in the beginning stage.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.976-984
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• 2004

마이크로소프트사는 .NET 플랫폼을 개발하면서 자바 언어에 대응하기 위해 C# 프로그래밍 언어를 만들었다. C#과 같은 .NET 언어로 작성된 프로그램은 컴파일 과정을 거치면서 MSIL 코드를 출력하기 때문에 .NET 플랫폼에서는 실행이 되지만 JVM 플랫폼에서는 실행이 되지 않는다. 자바는 썬 마이크로시스템즈사가 개발한 언어로서 현재 가장 널리 사용되는 프로그래밍 언어 중 하나이며, 컴파일러에 의해 플랫폼에 독립적인 바이트코드를 바이너리 형태로 가지고 있는 클래스 파일을 생성하면 JVM에 의해 하드웨어나 운영체제에 상관없이 실행이 가능한 플랫폼 독립적인 언어이다. 본 논문에서는 .NET 언어로 작성된 프로그램을 컴파일 하여 생성된 MSIL 코드를 자바의 중간 언어인 바이트코드 코드로 변환해 줌으로서 .NET 언어로 구현된 프로그램이 .NET 플랫폼 없이 자바의 플랫폼인 JVM에 의해 실행되도록 하는 MSIL-to-Bytecode 번역기를 설계하고 구현하였다. 이와 같은 작업이 프로그래머로 하여금 프로그래밍 언어의 제약 없이 응용 프로그램을 개발할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Large language models seem promising for handling reasoning problems, but their underlying solving mechanisms remain unclear. Large language models will establish a new paradigm in artificial intelligence and the society as a whole. However, a major challenge of large language models is the massive resources required for training and operation. To address this issue, researchers are actively exploring compact large language models that retain the capabilities of large language models while notably reducing the model size. These research efforts are mainly focused on improving pretraining, instruction tuning, and alignment. On the other hand, chain-of-thought prompting is a technique aimed at enhancing the reasoning ability of large language models. It provides an answer through a series of intermediate reasoning steps when given a problem. By guiding the model through a multistep problem-solving process, chain-of-thought prompting may improve the model reasoning skills. Mathematical reasoning, which is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, has played a crucial role in advancing large language models toward human-level performance. As a result, mathematical reasoning is being widely explored in the context of large language models. This type of research extends to various domains such as geometry problem solving, tabular mathematical reasoning, visual question answering, and other areas.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2002

자바 프로그래밍 언어는 웹 브라우저에서 실행되는 작은 크기의 응용 프로그램 수행에서는 실행 속도 문제가 중요한 요소가 아니지만 대형 프로그램의 수행에서는 실행 속도가 현저히 저하되는 단점을 지니고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 전통적인 컴파일 방법을 사용하여 바이트코드를 특정 프로세서에서 수행될 수 있는 목적기계 코드로 변환하는 다양한 연구가 진행중이다. 본 연구에서도 자바 응용 프로그램의 실행 속도의 개선을 위해 바이트코드로부터 직접 i386코드를 생성하는 네이티브 코드 생성 시스템을 위한 중간 코드 변환기를 설계하고 구현한다. 중간 코드 변환기는 자바 언어 의 중간 코드인 *.class 파일을 입력으로 받아 레지스터 기반의 중간 코드로 변환한다.

• 한국어교육
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2012

This study investigates issues in relation to text segmenting, in particular, line breaks in Korean language textbooks. Research on L1 and L2 reading has shown that readers process texts by chunking (grouping words into phrases or meaningful syntactic units) and, therefore, phrase-cued texts are helpful for readers whose syntactic knowledge has not yet been fully developed. In other words, it would be important for language textbooks to avoid awkward syntactic divisions at the end of a line, in particular, those textbooks for beginners and intermediate level learners. According to our analysis of a number of major Korean language textbooks for beginner-level learners, however, many textbooks were found to display line-breaks of awkward syntactic division. Moreover, some textbooks displayed frequent instances where a single word (or eojeol in the case of Korean) is split between different lines. This can hamper not only learners' learning of the rules of spaces between eojeols in Korean, but also learners' development in automatic word recognition, which is an essential part of reading processes. Based on the findings of our textbook analysis and of existing research on reading, this study suggests ways to overcome awkward line-breaks in Korean language textbooks.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.651-654
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• 1988

This paper proposes a microcode generating system which automatically generates the microcode of various target machine by inputing the intermediate language (MDIL) from the machine independent HLML-C (High Level Microprograming Language C) language. The MOP's (Microoperations) which is modeled 7-tuples generate to extend MDIL by table driven method with the information of translation table for each target machine. As compaction being considered and the hardware resource of target machine used, the conflicts of hardware elements are removed possibly. This proposed system is implemented with C language and yacc on VAX-11/750 (UNIX 4.3 BSD).