• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.103-118
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• 1999

The activity of N-acetylglucosamitnyltransferase(GnT) III and V on a Melanoma B-16 was examined after incubation with interleukin 1 (IL-1). While augumenting cell proliferation, IL-1 resulted in a decrease of GnT-III activity and an increase of GnT-V activities. Consistant with this, Melanoma B-16 cultured with IL-1 showed increased affinlity to Daturam stramonium lectin, which recognizes asialo-tri- and asialeo-tetra-antenery N-linked oligosaccharides. These results indicate that IL-1 modulate glycosyltransferase activity and the oligosaccharide structure of target cells. On the other hand, to investigate whether or not TKM-SG affect GnT-V gene expression in lung metastatic carcinoma, we used RT-PCR methods. TKM-SG treated cell lines showed low levels of secretion of GnT-V mRNA transcription as elucidated by RT-PCR. Thus, with together lower GnT-V activity levels in the medium, TKM-SG was highly effective for lung cancer metastasis treatment and it was concluded that the medicine can be used as a potent anti-lung cancer metastasis medicine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

The hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) is used as a traditional medicine in Korea. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of the water fractionated portion of hawthorn fruit on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cellular model. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production in the water fraction and LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined with an ELISA. The cytotoxicity of the water fraction and LPS was measured with an MTT assay. Expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) mRNA were analyzed with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The water fraction of hawthorn fruit was determined to be safe and significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and suppressed COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the water fraction of hawthorn fruit might be attributed to the down-regulation of COX-2, (TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2018

In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis purified from honeybee hives, on photothrombotic cortical ischemic injury in mice. Permanent focal ischemia was achieved in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices of anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice by irradiation of the skull with cold light laser in combination with systemic administration of rose bengal. The animals were treated with CAPE (0.5-5 mg/kg, i.p.) twice 1 and 6 h after ischemic insult. CAPE significantly reduced the infarct size as well as the expression of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, hypoxiainducible $factor-1{\alpha}$ monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, $interleukin-1{\alpha}$, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the photothrombosis. Moreover, it induced an increase in heme oxygenase-1 immunoreactivity and interleukin-10 expression. These results suggest that CAPE exerts a remarkable neuroprotective effect on ischemic brain injury via its anti-inflammatory properties, thereby providing a benefit to the therapy of cerebral infarction.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2002

Falun Gong (FG) is an advanced system of cultivation and practice, which is beneficial for both mind and body. In this study we investigated the effects of FG on the production of cytokines in FG practitioner (FGP). To study whether plasma cytokines levels were affected by FG, their levels were analyzed. The amount of $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(IFN-{\gamma})$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-6 (2.5-fold for $IFN-{\gamma}$, 1.2-fold for IL-2, 2.1-fold for IL-4 and 2.5-fold for IL-6, respectively) were significantly higher in the FGP group than normal group (P<0.05). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from normal healthy control and FGP were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide. The amount of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 in culture supernatant was quantified. However, there were no significant differences in the level of the same cytokines between the normal and FGP group. These data suggest that FG cultivation may contribute to immune-enhancement in vivo.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권6호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2011

Background: Based on the assertion that apocynin diminishes acute lung injury (ALI) by inhibition of NADPH oxidase, the effect of apocynin was tested in interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ (IL-1)-induced ALI in rats. Methods: IL-1 was insufflated into the trachea of Sprague-Dawley rats to induce ALI, and apocynin (8 mg/kg) was given intravenously for inhibition of NADPH oxidase. In addition, we determined whether apocynin inhibited generation of superoxide anions from isolated human neutrophils. Five hours after IL-1 instillation, lung injury parameters, expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) by cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), an index of oxidative stress in lung tissues (${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase, activity), and ultrastructure of alveolar type II (AT II) cells were evaluated. Results: Apocynin decreased the generation of free radicals from phorbol myristate (PMA)-activated neutrophils in vitro, but did not ameliorate ALI. IL-1 induced enhancement of the expression of cPLA2 on neutrophils was not altered by apocynin. Conclusion: Apocynin induced suppression of the generation of superoxide anions from neutrophils by inhibition of NADPH oxidase does not attenuate IL-1-induced ALI in rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of oyster shell extract on the production of pro-inflammatory factors [NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-${\alpha}$] in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability, as measured by the MTT assay, showed that oyster shell extract had no significant cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells. The treatment with oyster shell extract decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species dose dependently and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, such as SOD, catalase, GSH-px in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Oyster shell extract significantly suppressed the production of NO and also decreased the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$. Additionally, oyster shell extract significantly inhibited the production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Thus, these results showed that the oyster shell extract had an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제8권2호통권9호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2002

The objective on this study was to investigate effect of KH, which was composed of 9 kinds of oriental herbs tonifing the blood, against toxicity of 5-flurouracil(FU) through animal study. Reduction of WBC and platelet after treating S-FU was significantly recovered by KH. KH also rehabilitated immune gene expression of interleukin-2(IL2) and $Interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ by RT-PCR. In addition, in situ hybridization of spleen showed that KH treatment increased mRNA expression of IL2. In addition to the immune action, antitumor activity on 5-FU was not affected by KH treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that KH alleviated damage of hematopoiesis system induced by f-FU without toss of antitumor activity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2002

위의 parietal cell 혹은 대식세포와 유사한 세포 내부에서 H. pylori가 발견된다는 보고가 있기는 하나 일반적으로 H. pylori는 Shigella와 같은 침습성 세균은 아닌 것으로 알려져 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 H. pylori에 감염된 위점막에는 많은 수의 호중구를 위시한 염증세포의 침윤이 관찰되는데 H. pylori가 위상피세포에 부착할 경우 위상피세포를 자극하여 interleukin-8을 위시한 cytokine을 발현케하고 이에 의하여 호중구 등의 염증세포가 몰려들게 된다. 한편 고유층에 몰려든 호중구에서는 다시 interleukin-8을 위시한 일련의 호중구 활성화 chemokine을 분비하여 염증반응을 증폭해 나갈 것이다. 호중구에서 발현되는 myeloperxidase나 활성산소 등도 위점막의 조직 손상에 기여할 것이다. 위상피세포를 덮고 있는 점액층은 위상피세포를 보호한다고 알려져 있으나 H. pylori 감염의 경우 점액층에 의하여 H. pylori의 운동성이 증가하고 이것이 위상피세포로부터의 cytokine 발현을 자극하여 염증반응을 증폭하는 데 관여할 가능성도 있다. H. pylori는 위상피세포에 대하여 apoptosis를 유도함과 동시에 고유층에 몰려든 호중구에 대하여는 apoptosis를 억제케하여 궁극적으로 염증반응을 증폭 및 지속시켜 나가는 쪽으로 작용한다. 한편 H. pylori는 위상피세로로부터 COX-2의 발현을 증가시키는데 이는 위상피세포의 APOPTOSIS를 억제하는 방향으로 작용한다. 이외에 H. pylori의 urease에 의하여 발생한 암모니아나 H. pylori 자신이 분비하는 세포독소가 세포 손상을 유발할 가능성도 있다. 상술한 여러 독성 인자들 중 어느 하나가 단독으로 작용하기보다는 여러 인자가 같이 동시에 또는 시차를 두고 작용할 가능성이 많다고 생각된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2013

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, which is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Adenophorae Radix (AR) has been used as a traditional medicine for various diseases including strengthening cardiac function, allaying a fever, and easing pain and cough. However, the regulatory effects of AR in intestinal inflammation are not yet understood. This study attempted to determine the effect of AR in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) - induced colitis in mice. The colitis mice were induced by drinking water containing 5% DSS for 7 days. The results showed that mice treated with DSS showed remarkable clinical signs, including weight loss, and reduced colon length. Administration of AR attenuated weight loss, colon shortening and inhibited the levels of interleukin (IL) - 6 in DSS - treated colon tissues. These results provide experimental evidence that AR might be a useful therapeutic medicine for patients with UC.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2004

목적 :천축황(天竺黃)이 골대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 생쥐의 골세포를 이용하여 골흡수 억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 방법 :$Interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$는 시험관내에서 osteoblast를 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 천축황(天竺黃)이 $IL-1{\beta}$ 유발된 $PGE_2$, 생성에 관한 영향을 관찰하였다. 결과 :천축황(天竺黃)는 osteoblast체 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, $PGE_2$ 생성을 억제하였다. 특히, 천축황(天竺黃)을 1시간동안 전처리한 경우 $PGE_2$의 합성을 억제하여 골세포 보호효과가 인정되었으며, 또한 골 흡수인자인 $IL-1{\beta}$에 의해 유발된 alkaline phosphatase의 활성도 억제하였는데, 천축황(天竺黃) 전처리후 16시간째에 훨씬 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 유사하게 천축황(天竺黃)을 1시간 동안 전처리한 경우 osteocalcin의 생성이 증가되었다. 또한, calcitonin이 나타내는 osteoclast및 osteoblast 함유세포에서 골 흡수를 억제하였다. 결론 :천축황(天竺黃)은 osteoclast가 매개된 골흡수를 억제하는 효과가 인정되었다.