• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.466-476
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• 1998

We investigated the in vivo effect of an aqueous extract (referred to as EF) from Eriobotryae folium on glucokinase and hexokinase activities of diabetes mellitus induced by $interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$. After 1 week of $IL-1{\beta}$ injection, the levels of serum glucose concentration and insulin secretion were dramatically increased. However, the insulin secretion was decreased with administration of EF. The level of glucose concentration was decreased by EF administration. Furthermore, it was observed that EF was effective in recovering the levels of insulin secretion. Enzyme activities of the glucokinase and hexokinase, which are key enzymes of glucose phosphorylastion, were decreased by $IL-1{\beta}$. EF administration to the mice allowed proportional increasing by stimulation of induction of enzyme activities as high as normal group. These results suggested that EF is highly effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus induce by $IL-1{\beta}$.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2006

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), otherwise known as interferon-gamma-inducing factor (IGIF), is one of several well characterized and important cytokines that contribute to host defenses. The complementary DNA (cDNA) of mature human interleukin-18 gene (hIL-18) was fused with the signal peptide of the rice amylase 1A gene (Ramy1A) and introduced into the plant expression vector under the control of a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Havana) using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The integration of the hlL-18 gene into the genome of transgenic tobacco plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and its expression was observed in the suspension cells that were derived from the transgenic plant callus by using Northern blot analysis. The hlL-18 protein was detected in the extracts of the transgenic callus and in the medium of the transgenic tobacco suspension culture by using immunoblot analysis. Based upon enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) results, the expression level of the hlL-18 protein approximated $166{\mu}g/L$ in the suspension culture medium. Bioassay results from the induction of $interferon-{\gamma}$ from a KG-1 cell line indicated that the hlL-18 secreted into the suspension culture medium was bioactive.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2016

The effects of antlers have long been known in traditional Asian medicine. However, few studies have investigated the effects of antlers on immunity. In this study, we investigated whether fermented antler extract (FAE) has immunomodulatory effects on spleen cells. FAE enhanced the activity of spleen cells in a concentration dependent manner compared to antler extract. Interestingly, FAE significantly increased the production of interleukin-12, a representative cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, while it marginally increased that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that FAE can protect spleen cells from spontaneous cell death without a significant proportional change in subsets, mainly lymphocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that FAE has beneficial effects on spleen cells, a major type of immune cell, indicating that it can function as an immunomodulator without significant cytotoxicity. These data may broaden the use of FAE in basic research and clinical areas.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1996

The CINC-1 is a member of rat interleukin-8 with chemotactic and activating properties to neutrophils. The CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages was analyzed using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The peritoneal macrophages contained about 3 ng/ml as a basal level, and induced to maximal 18 ng/ml of CINC-1 by stimulation with 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LPS. Antiinflammatory steroids of dexamethasone and triamcinolon significantly suppressed the CINC-1 induction, where as aspirin and idomethacin did not show suppression. Inhibitory effects on the CINC-1 induction by natural triterpenoids having steroidal structures were analyzed. Among the 39 kinds of triterpenoids isolated from herbal medicines, acacigenin B and nigaichigoside F1 exhibited the highest suppression on the CINC-1 induction.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2017

Sinensetin, a pentamethoxyflavone, is known to exert various pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenesis, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its effects on the human mast cell - 1 (HMC-1) mediated inflammatory mechanism remain unknown. To explore the mediator and cellular inflammatory response of sinensetin, we examined its influence on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187 induced inflammatory mediator production in a human mast cell line. In this study, interleukin (IL)-6 production was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Sinensetin inhibited PMA plus A23187 induced IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner as well as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-8 mRNA expression. Furthermore, sinensetin inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, suggesting that sinensetin inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by blocking STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, sinensetin was found to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B activation. These findings suggest that sinensetin may be involved in the regulation of mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2011

Purpose: Curcumin is known to exert numerous biological effects including anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, a major cause of inflammatory periodontal disease, and sought to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: LPS was prepared from lyophilized P. intermedia ATCC 25611 cells by the standard hot phenol-water method. Culture supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-6. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect IL-6 mRNA expression. $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation, nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ subunits, and STAT1 phosphorylation were characterized via immunoblotting. DNA-binding of NF-${\kappa}B$ was also analyzed. Results: Curcumin strongly suppressed the production of IL-6 at both gene transcription and translation levels in P. intermedia LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Curcumin did not inhibit the degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ induced by P. intermedia LPS. Curcumin blocked NF-${\kappa}B$ signaling through the inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p50 subunit. Curcumin also attenuated DNA binding activity of p50 and p65 subunits and suppressed STAT1 phosphorylation. Conclusions: Although further study is required to explore the detailed mechanism of action, curcumin may contribute to blockade of the host-destructive processes mediated by IL-6 and appears to have potential therapeutic values in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 2000

Recombinant inteileukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent inductive stimulus for nitric oxide synthesis (NO.) and has been demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human. But it is not let clear whether NO. can contribute to IL-2-induced therapeutic responses. Therefore, the current experiment was undertaken to clarify the effect of IL-2 on antitumor response against subcutaneous Meth-A tumor in mice. At the beginning of each experiment, normal BALB/c mice were injected subcuta-neously with $5{\times}10^6 Meth-A$ tumor cells. Some mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps con- taining 225 $\mu$l of 3.38 M $N^{\gamma}$ -monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA. an NOS inhibitor). Beginning on day 7, experimental groups were treated with a f-day course of IL-2 (50,000 lU,75,000 nJ,100,0007, 50,000 IU+MLA, 75,000 IU+MLA, 100,000 IU+MLA intraperitoneal injection every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that Meth-A tumor grew progressively in control mice. Intraperitoneal IL-2 treatment decreased tumor growth and prolonged survival. compared with con-trol mice. But no significant differences among 50.000 lU.75.000 lU and 100,000 lU of 7-2 treat-ment were observed. MLA administration prevented partially the decrease tumor growth and prolong survival of IL-2 treated mice compared with mice receiving IL-2 alone.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 1991

- A synthetic gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was constructed from the oligonucleotides synthesized by an automatic DNA synthesizer. The nucleotide sequence of the synthetic gene was chosen considering the preferred codons of E. coEi by not changing the amino acid sequence of IL-2 polypeptide. The synthetic gene was expressed in E. coli by placing the gene under the control of the $\lambda$ PL promoter. IL-2 was produced in the E. coli cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies. The recombinant IL-2 showed growth promoting activity on the IL-2 dependent cell line.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

Vascular endothelial cell injury or dysfunction has been implicated in the onset and' progression of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory pathways within vascular endothelium play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, Recent evidence has provided compelling evidence to indicate that interleukin-4 (IL-4) can induce proc inflammatory environment via oxidative stress-mediated up-regulation of inflammatory mediators such as cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells. In addition, apoptotic cell death within vascular endothelium has been hypothesized to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that IL-4 can induce apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells through the caspase-3-dependent pathway, suggesting that IL-4 can increase endothelial cell turnover by accelerated apoptosis, the event which may cause the dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. These studies will have a high probability of revealing new directions that lead to the development of clinical strategies toward the prevention and/or treatment for individuals with inflammatory vascular diseases including atherosclerosis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.548-552
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• 2007

This research is the basic research to develop new anti-inflammatory medicine by feeding Scutellariae Radix extract to lipopolysaccharide(LPS) exposed rats, and analyzed it's effect on inflammatory response by LPS derivation. As a result, Plasma interleukin-$1\beta(IL-1\beta)$ and Plasma interleukin-6(IL-6) concentration showed the highest point at 5h after LPS injection, and in this time, the concentration of $IL-1\beta$ and IL-6 in the Scutellariae Radix extract groups at 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg showed lower values than that of control group. Plasma tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha(TNF-\alpha)$ concentration after LPS injection showed the highest point at 2h and showed similar level till at 5h. $TNF-\alpha$ concentration at 2h after LPS injection showed the low value only in the Scutellariae Radix extract 300mg/kg group compared to others, and in 5h, the all Scutellariae Radix extract groups showed lower value than that of the control group. Plasma interleukin-10(IL-10) concentration increased at 2h after LPS injection and reached the highest at 5h. After LPS injection the IL-10 concentration at 2h, the Scutellariae Radix extract injection group at 300mg/kg showed higher value than that of the others, and in 5h after LPS injection, Scutellariae Radix extract 200mg and 300mg groups showed higher value than the control group. Concluding from the above results, in inflammatory response by LPS derivation, the Scutellariae Radix gives positive effect.