• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.71-87
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• 2019

The yaw and interference effects of blades affect aerodynamic performance of large wind turbine system significantly, thus influencing wind-induced response and stability performance of the tower-blade system. In this study, the 5MW wind turbine which was developed by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) was chosen as the research object. Large eddy simulation on flow field and aerodynamics of its wind turbine system with different yaw angles($0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$) under the most unfavorable blade position was carried out. Results were compared with codes and measurement results at home and abroad, which verified validity of large eddy simulation. On this basis, effects of yaw angle on average wind pressure, fluctuating wind pressure, lift coefficient, resistance coefficient,streaming and wake characteristics on different interference zone of tower of wind turbine were analyzed. Next, the blade-cabin-tower-foundation integrated coupling model of the large wind turbine was constructed based on finite element method. Dynamic characteristics, wind-induced response and stability performance of the wind turbine structural system under different yaw angle were analyzed systematically. Research results demonstrate that with the increase of yaw angle, the maximum negative pressure and extreme negative pressure of the significant interference zone of the tower present a V-shaped variation trend, whereas the layer resistance coefficient increases gradually. By contrast, the maximum negative pressure, extreme negative pressure and layer resistance coefficient of the non-interference zone remain basically same. Effects of streaming and wake weaken gradually. When the yaw angle increases to $45^{\circ}$, aerodynamic force of the tower is close with that when there's no blade yaw and interference. As the height of significant interference zone increases, layer resistance coefficient decreases firstly and then increases under different yaw angles. Maximum means and mean square error (MSE) of radial displacement under different yaw angles all occur at circumferential $0^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ of the tower. The maximum bending moment at tower bottom is at circumferential $20^{\circ}$. When the yaw angle is $0^{\circ}$, the maximum downwind displacement responses of different blades are higher than 2.7 m. With the increase of yaw angle, MSEs of radial displacement at tower top, downwind displacement of blades, internal force at blade roots all decrease gradually, while the critical wind speed decreases firstly and then increases and finally decreases. The comprehensive analysis shows that the worst aerodynamic performance and wind-induced response of the wind turbine system are achieved when the yaw angle is $0^{\circ}$, whereas the worst stability performance and ultimate bearing capacity are achieved when the yaw angle is $45^{\circ}$.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2020

Recently, to make the best use of limited and precious spectrum resources, spectrum sharing between satellite and cellular networks has received much interest. In this study, we mathematically analyze the success probability of a fixed (satellite) earth station (FES) based on a stochastic geometry framework. Both the FES and base stations (BSs) are assumed to be equipped with a directional antenna, and the location and the number of BSs are modeled based on the Poisson point process. Furthermore, an exclusion zone is considered, in which the BSs are prohibited from locating in a circular zone with a certain radius around the FES to protect it from severe interference from the cellular BSs. We validate the analytical results on the success probability of the cognitive satellite-terrestrial network with directional antennas by comparing it using extensive computer simulations and show the effect of the exclusion zone on the success probability at the FES. It is shown that the exclusion zone-based interference mitigation technique significantly improves the success probability as the exclusion zone increases.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제27권8A호
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• pp.733-738
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• 2002

ZCZ(Zero Cross-correlation Zone) 부호(code)는 다중 사용자 CDMA 시스템에서 낮은 상관 영역(low correlation zone) 제공하고 상호 채널간섭(co-channel interference)을 제거하는 좋은 성능을 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 복소 확산기술(complex spreading scheme)을 이용해 이와 같은 상관관계의 성질을 갖는 확산 부호설계(spreading code design)를 분석하고 그들의 효율성을 이동통신시스템에 적용한다. 또한 자켓 다위상 비트열(Jacket polyphase sequence)을 예로 들어 개선된 성능과 일반 성질을 제시했다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2016

본 논문에서 제안하는 새로운 유형의 상향링크 OFDM-CDMA 기법은 ZCZ(Zero Correlation Zone) 부호와 블록 확산 기법을 함께 이용하여 사용자간의 넓은 접속시간 동기오차 허용범위를 가진다. 또한, 제안하는 기법은 OFDM 신호에 보호구간을 삽입하지 않아 주파수 효율을 최대화 한다. 넓은 사용자간 접속시간 동기오차 허용범위를 가지려면 보호구간의 길이를 늘여야 하는 기존 기법과 달리, 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 보호구간을 삽입하지 않아도 아주 넓은 사용자간 접속시간 동기오차 허용범위를 가진다. 제안하는 보호구간이 없는 상향링크 OFDM-CDMA 기법은 다중경로 페이딩 환경에서 수신단의 역확산 과정을 통해 모든 사용자간 간섭이 사라지는 특성을 가진다. 더욱이, 제안하는 기법은 복수개의 OFDM 심볼 길이만큼의 사용자간 동기오차 환경에서도 모든 사용자간 간섭이 없다. 보호구간이 없기 때문에 자기 신호의 부반송파간 간섭은 존재하지만, 제안하는 블록 확산 방식으로 인한 블록의 첫 번째 심볼이 ISI(Inter Symbol Interference)가 없는 특성을 이용하여 간단한 SIC(Successive Interference Cancellation)를 통해 첫 번째 이후 심볼의 간섭도 효과적으로 억제할 수 있다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.121-124
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• 2000

In this paper, we evaluate the interference statistics between the competiting wideband CDMA systems, and optimize the frequency coordination between Wideband-CDMA systems by the Monte-Carlo methodology. We develop the simulator to analyze the radio interference between CDMA systems. It can calculate or estimate the probability of interference from adjacent frequency band, which is also power controlled. We simulate the interference effects between two Wideband CDMA systems. We present the required carrier distance and zone for two operators to meet the required coverage efficiency and outage probability of Signal to interference plus noise ration (SINR).

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2011

Frequency reuse among relay stations (RSs) in a down-link access zone is widely adopted for throughput enhancement in IEEE 802.16j relay networks. Since the areas covered by the RSs or the base station (BS) may overlap, some mobile stations (MSs) at the border between two neighboring transmitting stations (RS or BS) using an identical frequency band may suffer severe interference or outage. This co-channel interference within the cell degrades the quality of service (QoS) fairness among the MSs as well as the system throughput. Exclusive use of a frequency band division (orthogonal resource allocation) among RSs can solve this problem but would cause degradation of the system throughput. We observe a trade-off between system throughput and QoS fairness in the previously reported schemes based on frequency reuse. In this paper, we propose a new frequency reuse scheme that achieves high system throughput with a high fairness level in QoS, positioning our scheme far above the trade-off curve formed by previous schemes. We claim that our scheme is beneficial for applications in which a high QoS level is required even for the MSs at the border. Exploiting the features of a directional antenna in the BS, we create a new zone in the frame structure. In the new zone, the RSs can serve the subordinate MSs at the border and prone to interference. In a 3-RS topology, where the RSs are located at points $120^{\circ}$ apart from one another, the throughput and Jain fairness index are 10.64 Mbps and 0.62, respectively. On the other hand, the throughput for the previously reported overlapped and orthogonal allocation schemes is 8.22 Mbps (fairness: 0.48) and 3.99 Mbps (fairness: 0.80), respectively. For a 6-RS topology, our scheme achieves a throughput of 18.38 Mbps with a fairness of 0.68; however, previous schemes with frequency reuse factors of 1, 2, 3, and 6 achieve a throughput of 15.24 Mbps (fairness: 0.53), 12.42 Mbps (fairness: 0.71),8.84 Mbps (fairness: 0.88), and 4.57 Mbps (fairness: 0.88), respectively.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2008

The proposed zone-based self-organized clustering broadcasts neighbor information to only a zone with the same ID. Besides, the zone-based self-organized clustering with unique IDs can communicate securely even if the state transition of nodes in zone-based self-organized clustering is threatened by corrupted nodes. For this security, the Byzantine agreement protocol with proactive asynchronous verifiable secret sharing (AVSS) is considered. As a result of simulation, an efficiency and a security of the proposed clustering are better than those of a traditional clustering. Therefore, this paper describes a new and extended self-organized clustering that securely seeks to minimize the interference in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.753-756
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• 2001

선박의 자동식별 시스템(Automatic Identification System(AIS))은 다중접속 방법으로서 SOTDMA를 채택하고 있다. SOTDMA 시스템은 Aloha 영역에서 슬롯 재사용으로부터 기인하는 Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying(GMSK) Co-Channel Interference(CCI)에 의해서 시스템 성능이 저하된다 이 논문에서는 CCI를 제거할 수 있는 여러 가지 방법을 소개하고 비교 분석하여 향후 선박의 자동식별 시스템에 적용 가능한 CCI 제거기법 개발 방안에 대해서 논하도록 하겠다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.2047-2053
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• 2008

Auto-ID industries and their services have been improved since decades ago, and radio frequency identification (RFID) has been contributing in many applications. Product management can be the foremost example. In our industrial experiences, RFID in ultra high frequency (UHF) band provides much longer interrogation ranges than that of 13.56MHz; many more applications exist thereby. There should be several interesting and useful ideas on UHF RFID; however, those ideas can be limited due to the inevitable environmental circumstances that restrict the interrogation range in shorten value. This paper discusses the propagation interference among different types of readers (e.g, mobile RFID readers in stationary reader zone) in dense-reader environment. In most cases, UHF RFIDs in Korea will be dependent on the UHF mobile RFIDs. In this sense, the UHF mobile users accidently move into the stationary reader's interrogation zone. This is serious problem. In this paper, we analyze propagation loss and propose the effective channel allocation scheme that can contribute developing less-invasive UHF RFID networks. The simulation and practical measurement process using the commercial CAD tools and measurement equipments are presented.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.895-902
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• 1999

This paper deals with a numerical study of the tribological contact stress distributions of elastomeric lip seals for oscillating shafts when the sealing interference and band width between the lip ease or contact seals and the shaft are present. Using the finite element method the contact stress and band width of scraper seals are analyzed for the sealing interference including some nonlinearities such as geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and nonlinear contact boundary condition. The FEM results showed that the contact stress concentrated on the contacting lip zone between the contacting edge of lip and the shaft for the increased interference. In double lip scraper seals, ole maximum contact stress of the dust lip, which is used to exclude foreign contaminants is six times higher than that of the primary sealing lip, which is used to contain lubricants.