• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.211-223
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• 2020

The external corrosion of buried piping can be controlled using both coating and cathodic protection. Several factors are involved in the damage and deterioration of the coating on pipes. There are many detection methods for coating defects on pipes and the direct current voltage gradient (DCVG) method is one of the most powerful methods. However, the detection reliability of DCVG can be affected by interferences such as stray current, metal objects connected to rectifiers, and copper grids. Therefore, this study focused on the interference effects of rectifiers and a copper grid on the reliability of coating flaw detection. As the length of the interference pipe connected to the rectifier increased, the reliability decreased. In contrast, as the distance between the pipe and the copper grid increased, the reliability of the coating flaw detection increased. The detection results produced by the DCVG method were discussed using current and potential simulations for a pipe with a rectifier and copper grid interference in the soil.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 2010

We have investigated the properties of the novel triangular ring resonator with the total internal reflection mirrors and the semiconductor optical amplifier for photonic integrated circuits (PIC). A novel triangular resonators containing active and passive sections are fabricated and characterized with various multimode interference (MMI) lengths. The optimum MMI length and width turn out to be 108 and 9 ${\mu}m$, respectively. A free spectral range of approximately 228 GHz is observed near 1558 nm along with an on-off ratio of 9 dB. The proposed triangular resonator has a good advantage to remove the direct coupling between the two access waveguides of the MMI coupler. Hence, such resonators can be directly integrated with other devices making compact and highly functional PIC possible.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.435-441
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed adaptive MMSE receiver, which use channel equalizer to eliminate the interference due to multi-path fading and adaptive filter to eliminate the multiple access interference. The unique features of proposed receiver schemes are as following. We use pilot channel to estimate the channel coefficients exactly and guard symbols which are inserted periodically to estimate channel coefficients exactly without interference from user signals. The length of channel equalizer also can be reduced with the help of guard symbols. Especially utilizing adaptive code-matched filter(AMMSE) when the user population is high and SNR is not low we accepts excellent performance improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2005

When an optical pulse propagates through the atmospheric channel, the atmospheric turbulence attenuates and spreads this pulse. This attenuation and broadening of pulse are occurred by the fluctuation in the arrival time of pulse at the optical receiver. This pulse broadening induces the intersymbol interference (ISI) between the adjacent pulses. finally, the adjacent pulses are overlapped and the bit rate and the repeaterless transmission length are limited by the ISI. In digital communication system, therefore, the pulse broadening is more important factor than the attenuation. In this paper, thus, we find the ISI in the atmospheric turbulence as the function of the structure constant for the refractive index fluctuation that presents the strength of turbulence using the temporal momentum function and present it by numerical analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.374-379
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• 2002

A new active muffler system has been developed and its superior performance on both noise reduction and engine torque increase is demonstrated with experiment. Main characteristic of the proposed muffler system is the use of destructive interference by transmission path difference of divided exhaust pipes to reduce major exhaust noise components thereby overcoming problems of other active exhaust noise control methods. The exhaust pipe is divided into two sections and joined again downstream. One divided pipe has a sliding mechanism to vary its length, which is controlled to make half wavelength transmission path difference for the major engine rpm frequency. In this system one divided pipe is used to control major rpm frequency and its Harmonics and another pipe is used to control noise component double the frequency of rpm. An after-market tuning muffler, which has very simple internal structure and minimal back pressure, is also installed to remove remaining wideband noise. To make the system to be small enough to be practical, conventional muffler is also installed and used in low rpm range and active muffler is only employed in high rpm range. Noise reduction of the proposed system is comparable to conventional passive muffler. The engine dynamo test has proved the proposed system can recover almost all the torque lost by conventional muffler.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.797-805
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• 2003

This paper describes experimental investigations of helium-air exchange flow through single opening and partitioned opening. Such exchange flows may occur following rupture accident of stand pipe in high temperature gas cooled reactor. A test vessel with a small opening on top of test cylinder is used for experiments. An estimation method of mass increment is developed and applied to measure the exchange flow rate. A technique of flow visualization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided to recognize the exchange flows. Flow measurements are made with the opening, for partition ratios H_p/H$_1$$ in the range 0 to 1. where H_p$ and H$_1$ are partition length and height of the opening. respectively. In the case of H_p/H$_1$$ of 0, flow passages of upward flow of the helium and downward flow of the air within the opening are unseparated (bidirectional), and the two flows interfere within the opening. The unseparated flow increases strength of flow resistance and therefore, the exchange flow rate is minimum through range of the partition ratios. Two flow zones, i.e., separated (unidirectional) flow zone and unseparated (bidirectional) flow zone, exist with increasing the partition length. The exchange flow rate increases with increasing the separated flow zone. It is found that a maximum exchange flow rate exists at H_p/H$_1$$ of 1. As a result of comparison of the exchange flow rates by changing the partition ratio, the fluids Interference in the unseparated zone is found to be an important factor on the helium-air exchange flow rate.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.652-659
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• 2021

The theoretical analysis and optimization of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) opticalfiber humidity sensors are deeply investigated. For a typical dual-cavity structure composed of an optical fiber and a humidity-sensitive membrane (HSM), the changes in refractive index (RI) and initial length are discussed for polymer materials and porous oxide materials when relative humidity (RH) increases. The typical interference spectrum is simulated at different RH using MATLAB. The spectral change caused by changing HSM RI and initial length are simulated simutineously, showing different influences on humidity response. To deeply investigate the influence on RH sensitivity, the typical response sensitivity curves for different HSM lengths and air-cavity lengths are simulated. The results show that the HSM is the vital factor. Short HSM length can improve the sensitivity, but for HSM RI and length the influences on sensitivity are opposite, because of the opposite spectral-shift trend. Deep discussion and an optimization method are provided to solve this problem. According to analysis, an opaque HSM is helpful to improve sensitivity. Furthermore, if using an opaque HSM, a short air cavity and long HSM length can improve the sensor's sensitivity These results provide deep understanding and some ideas for designing and optimizing highly sensitive EFPI fiber humidity sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1992

Ultrasonic spectroscopy is likely to become a very powerful NDE method for detection of microfects and thickness measurement of thin film below the limit of ultrasonic distance resolution in the opaque materials, provides a useful information that cannot be obtained by a conventional ultrasonic measuring system. In this paper, we considered a thin film below the limit of ultrasonic distance resolution sandwitched between two substances as acoustical analysis model, demonstrated the usefulness of ultrasonic spectroscopic analysis technique using information of ultrasonic frequency for measurements of thin film thickness, regardless of interference phenomenon and phase reversion of ultrasonic waveform. By using frequency intervals(${\triangle}f$) of periodic minima from the ratio of reference power spectrum of reflective waveform obtained a sample to power spectrum of multiple reflective waves obtained interference phenomenon caused by ultrasonic waves reflected at the upper and lower surfaces of a thin layer, can measured even dimensions of interest are smaller than the ultrasonic wave length with simplicity and accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2923-2931
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• 1996

In this paper, the symbol error probability for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in the multipath fading environment is obtained analytically. In the analysis, OFDM signals with and without the guard interval are considered, and the two-ray fading model is used for the multi-path fading channel. From the analysis results, it is found that the adjacent subchannel interfernce increases the symbol error rate when the guard interval is not employed or shorter than the length of the delay. It is also shown that the adjacent subchannel interference is a Gaussian random variable and its variance depends on the subchannel location and the number of subchannels. Finally, it is found that the variance of the subchannel interference also increases as the power of the signal increases for the OFDM with insufficient guard interval, yieldin an irreducible error at high signal to noise ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.7
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• pp.79-87
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• 1997

Untill now, the most well-known cofiguration for waveguide grating router(WGR) is composed of radiative star couplers and arrayed waveguide grating(AWG), which usually suffer form the rdiation loss of around 3dB or more. Therefore, te improved design of WGRs is needed to reduce the loss. In ths paper, we propose a novel WGR composed of multimode interference couplers which have good unifiormity, fabrication tolerance, and very low excess loss, and suggest the efficient algorithm to find the proper path length differences of AWG for given channel spacing and channel assignment to each output prot. The simulated spectral responses of the proposed WGR using the finite difference beam propagation method (BPM) show that the excess loss is less than 0.3dB and the crosstalk less than -25dB in case of 4x4 WGR, and the excess loss less than 0.4dB and the crosstalk less than -25dB in case of 8x8 WGR for all the channel wavelengths.