• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2007

In currently, stress diseases are increased that present several sign and symptoms. Under stress condition, there are dry mouth, burning mouth syndrome, oral mucosa diseases and halitosis more frequently. Changing of salivary proportion is checked in almost patients with changing of function and structure in salivary gland. This study purpose are what effect stress does on salivary gland, and a-amylase on salivary gland. This study was resulted that 1. Under restraint stress, acinar cells are vacuolization and changing of intercellular spaces are separated, and peripheral tissues of duct are changed 2. Acinar cells were shrunk after 3 hours under restraint stress, intercellular space was separated after 6hours, peripheral tissues of duct started to change after 72 hours, and acinar cells and peripheral tissues of duct were all severely changed after 168hours. 3. In immunohistochemical study, amylase reaction was showed partially and irregularly after 3 hours, was getting little milder after 6 hours. And amylase reaction was gradually increased from the time of 12 hours after experiment up to the time of 48 hours after experiment. But after 168 hours, amylase appearance was diminished. According this result, emotional stress can change of salivary gland structure, and amylase secretion, the important digestive enzyme from salivary gland is changed and it is supposed to make digestive disorder and to make halitosis efficiency. So, we need to study about secretion of amylase.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2002

The morphological development of colonic epithelia in fetuses between 60-. 90-, and 120-days gestation and neonates of Korean native goat were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the colonic epithelial cells contained nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, free ribosomes, and shoo granular and agranular endoplasmic reticula. The zonula occludens, zonula adherens, desmosomes, short microvilli, and masses of glycogen granules were also obsrved. The goblet cells contained a few secretory granules. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the cell organelles of the colonic epithelial cells were better developed than those in the 60 day old fetuses. Increased number of endoplasmic reticula, digitiform intercellular junctions, mitochondria, and Golgi complexes was observed. The goblet cells contained a lot of secretory granules. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the colonic epithelial cells contained long microvilli and well developed cell organelles. The nuclear cleft and large intercellular space were also appeared. Nunerous fibroblasts were seen in the basement membrane. The number of goblet cells was further observed. In the 120 day old fetuses, all colonic epithelial cells shape simple columnar cells. In newborns, the colonic epithelial cells were covered with extensive microvilli. There were many goblet cells with a lot of secretory granules protruding into the intestinal lumen, and some goblet cells secreted their secretory granules into the lumen. In the 60-and 90-day-old fetuses, the colonic epithelial cells appeared to be either simple columnar or stratified columnar depending on areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.1
• /
• pp.116-125
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of CEPA(2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on bark physiology and anatomy of lactree(Rhus verniciflua Stokes). Sample trees of similar size and growth rate were selected from 7-year-old lactree plantation located in Hyengsung-kun, Kangwon-do. Lanolin pastes containing 0.1, 1, or 10% CEPA were put into the bark-removed hole made by corer(${\phi}1cm$) on the main stem at 1.2m above the ground on June 16, 1995. Five weeks after application of CEPA, bark thickness was markedly increased as a result of the increase in the amount of phloem and intercellular spaces, and correlated with the increased production of urushiol. By the application of 10% CEPA, bark thickness was increased approximately 2.5 times, and the urushiol content within bark was increased 2.8 times compared to that of untreated trees because CEPA stimulated the accumulation of urushiol within bark. Treatment of 10% CEPA also increased the size and the total number of secretory canals, and induced an increase in ray width. The phloem parenchyma cells of CEPA-treated trees were well-developed and closely packed with little intercellular space.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.221-232
• /
• 1993

Morphological changes in the uterine and vaginal epithelial cells of the Korean native goats were studied in fifteen primiparous goats slaughtered on the day of parturition and on days 1, 3, 10 and 21 postpartum. 15 uterus and vagina from goats were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. Transmission electron microscopically, long microvilli which sometimes ramified were found until 10 days postpartum, while short microvilli were found at 21 days. The high electron dense irregular-shaped mitochondria were found in the cytoplasm and the crystalline structure of the mitochondrial matrix was also found from 1 day to 10 days postpartum. Well-developed rough-endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with dilated cisternae which contained the proteins materials was observed at 21 days postpartum. These materials were fused each other and then large granules were found in the free surface of the cytoplasm. A few lipid droplets were generally appeared in the cytoplasm, while numerous droplets were found at 21 days postpartum. A moderate number of ribosomes, a few multivesicular bodies, vesicles, lysosomes and macrophages were found. The globule leucocytes were observed from 0 to 3 days postpartum by transmission electron microscopy. The short microvilli, high electron dense cytoplasm and severe indentation of the nuclear enbelope were found in the vaginal epithelium. Numerouos small vesicles and a few vacuoles were observed in the apical cytoplasmic portion of the epithelium. A few mitochondria were high electron dense and irregular in shape. A moderate amounts of microfilaments, loose intercellular space and dilated rER were also found at 21 days postpartum. 2. Scanning electron microscopically, the folds of the uterine mucosa were generally deep. The long microvilli of the epithelium were found until 3 days postpartum, while short microvili were found at 10 and 21 days postpartum. The distinct intercellular boundary was seen. The apporcine secretory profile of the epithelium observed at between 3 and 10 days postpartum and the cells were somewhat protruded into the lumen. The short microvilli were found on the surface of the protruded cells, while polygonal microridge profile of the epithelium and some dome-shaped epithelium were also observed at 21 days postpartum. The folds of the vaginal mucosa were deep and epithelium was polygonal in shape. The microvilli of the epithelium were long until 3 days postpartum, while they were short at 10 and 21 days. The polygonal epithelium was invaginated into the center of the cell surface until 10 days postpartum. The microridge and dome in shape of the epithelium were found at 10 days postpartum, while the polygonal and exfoliating epithelium were observed at 21 days.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.44-59
• /
• 1985

The epithelium of the hindgut in the german cockroach, Blattella germanica Linne, was observed with electron microscope. The epithelium of the ileum, which is located at the anterior hindgut, is composed of a single layer of squamous and cuboidal cells. The liminal surface of the epithelium is lined with the cuticular intima. The epithelial cells contain cell organelles expected to be found in absorptive cells, and some epithelial cells have numerous lamelated crystals, the "spherites". The rectal epithelium of posterior hindgut is composed of rectal pads which are covered with cuticular intima on the luminal side. The rectal pads are composed of columnar absorptive cells and basal cells. The apical plasma membrane of columnar cell is made of microvilli, where mitochondria associated with some of the microvilli. The lateral plasma membrane is highly infolded and space is an uniform width of approximately 200$\\AA$. Well developed mitochondria are found closely associated with the infoldings and this is referred to as the "mitochondrial-scalariform complex". A septate junction is found near the apical zone between the columnar absorptive cells, whereas many desmosomes and intercellular spaces are formed between the columnar cells. Basal cells are bowl-shaped where the convex surface is inlaid into the basal surface of the columnar cells while the concave surface faces the basal lamina. The cytoplasm of the basal cell is electron dense and contains well developed cell organelles. The basal sheath is located between the basal membrane and basal lamina, providing barrier between the epithelium and the hemolymph. The epithelium is surrounded by the subepithelial space and muscles. The subepithelial space, which is composed of fibrous connective tissue, is innervated by many tracheoles and axons.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate degree of the concept formation on cell in elementary school teachers and to clarify the patterns of their misconceptions. Data were collected by interview with 120 elementary school teachers, ranged from twenties to fifties in age, working in Taegu city. The instrument was developed by researchers and was categorized into four: cell as the basic units of life, morphology of cell, function of cell, growth of individual from the viewpoint of cell. The results are as follows: First, about 80% of teachers had two perspective outcome of cell: Cells are the basic units of life on earth. But the potato and meat, which we used to eat as food, are not constructed of cells but aggregated of nutrients. Second, most of elementary school teachers recognized that shapes of the cell in organisms were diverse, but some of them only could present several kinds of shape on cell. The 35% of teachers had misconception that shape of cell is all the same in a individual. It shows that this result is caused by lack of opportunity to observe the various kinds of cells. Third, most teachers understood tell can be seen only through a microscope. Yet in comparison with relative size, it was revealed that misconception of cell size was induced by the term of 'basic unit'. In addition, they thought that large organisms are built from large cells, and small organisms from small cells. Fourth, Elementary school teachers used to confuse the terms between chloroplast and chlorophyll, and believed that the genetic material was contained only in the reproductive cells and seeds. It was also revealed that they thought the nutrients such as starch and fat are located at intercellular space. Fifth, the 60% of teachers conceived correctly that growth of individual depends on mitosis and increase in cell number. The rest of them, however, misunderstood that it is due to the increase of tell volume.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 1987

The author studied the acute reaction of cobalt-60 irradiation to buccal mucosa in rats and difference of the effects of single versus fractionated exposure. 195 Sprague Dowley strain rats, weighing about 120gm, were used in this experiment. 3 rats served as controls and the remaining 192 rats were divided into six groups of 32 rats each. Experimental group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were received a single dose of 15Gy, 16.5Gy, 18Gy and group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ were received two equal sized fractionated dose of 9Gy, 9.75Gy, 10.5Gy at 4 hour intervals, respectively. The experimental groups were irradiated with cobalt-60 teletherapy unit, Picker model 4M 60 (Field size, 12x5 cm, SSD, 50㎝, Dose rate, 222cGy/min, Depth, 1㎝). The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 hours, 1, 3, 7 days after irradiation and the changes of the irradiated buccal mucosa were observed by electron and light microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. A single exposure was more damaging than fractionated exposure, and as the radiation dose increased, the changes of cell organelles became faster, but the healing of radiation-induced damage in fractionated exposure was faster than in single exposure. 2. The radiation-induced changes of the basal cells were the most prominent in 18Gy-single exposure group, and the least in 18Gy-fractionated exposure group. 3. Electron-microscopically, there appeared nuclear changes, swelling of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, decrease of free ribosome, presence of vesicles, widening of intercellular space, and loss of basal lamina. The early remarkable changes were partly loss of nuclear membrane and swelling of mitochondria. 4. Light-microscopically, derangement and pyknosis of basal cells, hydropic changes of spinous cells, enlargement of granular cells, indistinctness of basement membrane, and proliferation of epithelium were observed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.72-83
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study was designed to identify lipid protection formation in stratum corneum and anti-inflammatory effects of Sopungdojeok-tang(SD) on atopic dermatitis(AD). Materials and Methods : In Vivo, SD extract was orally administered to BALB/c mice at $2.5m{\ell}/kg/day$ for 2 days after 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate evoked atopic dermatitis in abdominal skin. Morphological changes were observed by immunohistochemical stain using monoclonal antibodies(BrdU, ceramide, MIP-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50, IL-4, and STAT6) and TUNEL method. In vitro, the alterations of IL-4 mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCT in SD extract treated EL4 cells after phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and 4-tert-Octylphenol induce Th2 skewed condition. Results : SD is used in Oriental Medicine for its potential curative for atopic dermatitis. In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory and lipid lamella repair effects of SD were investigated. SD decreased the number of eosinophil in atopic dermatitis induced mice. In the histological properties, the hyperplasia, edema, infiltration of lymphocytes, damage of intercellular space of stratum corneum, BrdU positive reacted cells in stratum basal, and degranulated mast cells and capillaries in dermal papillae decreased in mice with SD. Treatment of SD also decreased MIP-2, STAT6 and IL-4 in dermal papillae. The IL-4 mRNA expression decreased in a dose-dependant manner in SD treated EL4 cells. In addition, decrease of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 and increase of apoptotic cells in dermis were observed in SD treated mice. These data suggest that SD may beneficial for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions : These data suggest that SD is beneficial in treatment of atopic dermatitis, and that SD provides lipid protection in stratum corneum and anti-inflammatory effects on atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.1975-1981
• /
• 2019

Recently, outbreaks of food-borne diseases linked to fresh produce have been an emerging public health concern worldwide. Previous research has shown that when human pathogens co-exist with plant pathogens, they have improved growth and survival rates. In this study, we have assessed whether Escherichia coli O157:H7 benefits from the existence of a phytopathogenic bacterium and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated. When Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and E. coli O157:H7 were co-inoculated by either dipping or infiltration methods, the populations of E. coli O157:H7 increased; however, no effect was observed when type three secretion system (T3SS) mutants were used instead, suggesting that E. coli O157:H7 benefits from the presence of Pst DC3000. In addition, this study confirmed that the E. coli O157:H7 populations increased when they occupied the tomato leaf intercellular space; this colonization of the interior of the leaves was possible due to the suppression of the PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) by Pst DC3000, in particular with the AvrPto effector. In conclusion, our data support a plausible model that E. coli O157:H7 benefits from the presence of Pst DC3000 via AvrPto suppression of the PTI resistance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of atmosphere-leaf vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in Allium microdictyon Prokh. and Allium ochotense Prokh. The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was rapidly increased with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity. Taken as a whole, the stomatal transpiration reaction was slightly late with increading of VPD. Maximum photosynthetic rate at high-VPD condition was 5.98 ${\mu}mol$ $CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in Allium microdictyon, which was a little lower than 6.59 ${\mu}mol$ $CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ in Allium ochotense, respectively. After 2 p.m, stomatal transpiration of Allium microdictyon at the high VPD condition were rapidly decreased. Ci/Ca began to decline sharply at 8 a.m and showed the lowest value at 2 p.m, The results showed that Ci/Ca decreased with being used $CO_2$ in the mesophyll intercellular space for photosynthesis. In high VPD condition, The water potential values showed the highest at 5 a.m, and the lowest at 1 p.m in high VPD condition. The water saturation deficits (WSD) in high VPD condition showed about 1.5 times higher than in low VPD condition. The results indicated that physiological activities in Allium microdictyon is more limited from high VPD conditions.