• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' ideal and actual parenting behaviors toward their infants in three parenting domains; social, didactic, and limit setting. A total of 264 mothers of young children under age three from Seoul, Korea completed Parental Style Questionnaires (PSQ). Mothers' self report on their ideal and actual parenting were explored as a function of child sex, age, and birth order. As expected, there were significant differences between mothers' ideal and actual behaviors in all three parenting domains: Mothers' ideal behaviors such as social interaction, didactic interaction and limit setting were higher than those of their actual behaviors. For mothers' ideal parenting, results revealed neither significant main effects nor interaction effects. However, the Parenting Domain x Birth-Order 2-way interaction and the Parenting Domain x Child Age 2-way interaction were significant for mothers' actual behaviors. Specifically, mothers reported more social and didactic behaviors with their first-born than later born children, but not for limit setting behavior. It was also found that higher limit setting behaviors were apparent for their 2- and 3-year-old than 1-year old children whereas lower social interactions were found for 3-year-old than for 1-year-old. In light of universality and uniqueness, mothers' parenting behavior toward young children has been discussed.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02b
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• pp.226-232
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• 2007

모바일폰의 LCD 전면화 추세로 인해 터치스크린을 기반으로 하는 모바일폰이 컨셉폰의 형태로 선보여지고 있고, 부분적으로 터치스크린을 차용한 모바일폰이 국내, 국외에 출시되고 있다. 터치스크린은 간편하고 직관적인 조작감을 제공하며 유동적인 인터페이스를 가능하게 하는 장점이 있다. 그리고 이러한 터치스크린의 장점을 적극적으로 활용할 수 있도록 하는 진보된 인터랙션 스타일도 다양하게 제안되고 있다. 하지만 기존의 터치스크린 기반의 모바일폰은 스타일러스를 그대로 사용하듯, 제한적이고 전형적인 인터렉션만을 제공하고 있고, 제안된 진보된 인터렉션 스타일들도 터치스크린 기반의 모바일폰에 직접적으로 활용하기는 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 진보된 인터랙션 스타일 중에서, 원 포인팅과 2개 이상의 포인팅이 가능한 멀티 포인팅 인터랙션을 연구하여 터치스크린기반의 Full LCD 모바일폰에 적합한 인터랙션 스타일을 제안한다. 이를 위해, 인터랙션에 대한 문헌연구와 함께 터치스크린을 기반으로 하는 다양한 디지털기기를 검토해보고, 터치스크린에 적용 가능한 진보된 인터랙션 사례들을 조사하였다. 그 후 터치디스크린 기반의 디지털기기를 사용하는 사용자의 행태를 파악하기 위한 유저테스트 및 인터뷰를 실시하여, 터치스크린 기반의 모바일폰에서 구현되어야 할 상세 인터랙션 스타일을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 인터랙션 스타일은 다양한 사용자 경험을 가능하게 하여 고기능, 고사양화 되어가는 모바일폰의 UI를 보다 효과적으로 사용하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.485-496
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine how the difference of parents' verbal control styles influence children's perspective-taking and interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skills. The subjects of this study were 117 five-year-old children with their parents included. The questionnaire used was relevant to the topic, such as parents' verbal control styles, young children's perspective-taking ability, and their interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skills. The percent, mean, standard deviation, three-way ANOVA, and Scheffe were used to analyze the data collected through SPSS WIN program. The major findings are as follows: First, a father's verbal control style makes a significant difference in young child's perspective-taking ability. However, there is no interaction effect between parents' verbal control styles and a child's sex. Second, a father's verbal control style makes a significant difference in young child's interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skills. Character-oriented verbal control mode of a father, in particular, produces more effects on boys than girls. Lastly, Two skills - alternative problem-solving skills and cause-solving skills - have interaction effects. Boys demonstrate higher skills than girls when parents apply character-oriented verbal control styles. Girls do so when mothers use position-oriented verbal control styles, especially in the area of cause-solving skills.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1997

For the purpose of examining the relationship between perceived stress, vulnerability variables, and somatization tendency, the self-report questionnaires of perceived stress, styles of stress coping(passive and active copings), self-perception, gender, and somatization tendency were administered to university entrants(n=2,024). The results were as follows: 1) Perceived stress, styles of stress coping(passive and active copings), self-perception, and gender accounted for 15.56% of the total variance in somatization tendency. As a result of comparing the relative contributions of all predictor variables to somatization tendency, the highest was perceived stress, and the next in order were passive coping style, self-perception, and gender, whereas direct effect of active coping style was not significant. 2) The two-way and three-way interaction effects of perceived stress X vulnerability variables were not significant. 3) The two-way and three-way interaction effects of gender X psychosocial variables were not significant. To conclude, perceived stress and vulnerability variables independently contribute to somatization tendency in university entrants, and furthermore it is suggested that vulnerability variables as well as perceived stress must be considered to account for somatization tendency.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.67-85
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate changes in house and kitchen forms and behaviors in the kitchen area of Korean family houses from the Yi-dynasty to the present, and (2) to develop a housing conceptual framework on the basis of the ecosystem approach through analysis of changes in Korean family houses. The documentary research method wad used fro this study. The major findings were that the traditional Korean houses were composed of separate buildings and had various floor levels with the maru(a wooden floor) as the center of the open plan. The introduction of foreign style house forms from the era of enlightenment, in the year 1876 to the Korean war in 1950 changed traditional Korean houses into Korean-western style houses. More recent increased population and urbanization accelerated to change from the traditional Korean house form to an apartment style. At the present time, however, many kinds of house forms, from a highly modernized style with convenient facilities to a primitive style, which cannot even meet the basis needs of daily life, coexist together. The Kitchens in traditional Korean houses had no plumbing, drainage, or work centers. They had simple adobe furnaces which were used for cooking and for heating the ondol, a kind of panel heated floor by which the heat and smoke run under the floor to the chimney. This made the kitchen floor level lower than the floors of other spaces. The residents entered the kitchen through the madang(atrium). The influence of the western style kitchen, the development of technology, and improvements of nation-wide economic status have made today's kitchen space covenient and hygienic. The floor level of the kitchen was raised to the same level of other spaces. Formerly the major function of the kitchen was raised to the same level of other spaces. Formerly the major function of the kitchen space was cooking and heating floors. This had changed, and the kitchen is now, the place for family and social interaction. A housing conceptual framework was developed on the basis of these findings.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship among the hypermedia structure(hierarchical and network), learner's cognitive style(field-independent and field-dependent), and learning performance in the elementary school. 128 students(4th graders) having field-independent and field-dependent cognitive style were randomly allocated into hierarchical and network structures of hypermedia learning program. There was not significant interaction between hypermedia structure and cognitive style in learning performance. The students in the hierarchical hypermedia structure showed higher learning performance than ones in the network hypermedia structure. Field-independent students significantly got higher results than field-dependent ones. It is concluded that instructional designers should consider hypermedia structure, learner's cognitive style, and learning outcomes when they plan and design hypermedia learning program.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.971-975
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• 2009

최근 다양하게 출시되는 터치스크린 휴대폰 시장의 흐름에 맞춰 터치 인터랙션 유형에 관한 연구 또한 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구들은 터치 입력 인터랙션 유형의 사용자 모델에만 초점이 맞추어져 있는 상태이다. 시스템 모델의 이해부족 현상과, 터치 인터랙션의 사용자 모델과 시스템 모델사이의 차이점에서 나타나는 충돌은 잘못된 인터랙션 문제를 발생시키며, 사용자들에게 혼란 줄 수 있다. 때문에 본 연구는 터치 입력 인터랙션 유형의 시스템 모델에 초점을 맞춰서 진행하였다. 터치 인터랙션 유형 시스템 모델의 정의에 있어서 시간 축을 기준으로 터치 인터랙션 유형을 정의하였다. 정의된 시스템 모델을 기반으로 6개의 기본 입력 인터랙션을 각각 비교하여 상관관계를 도출하였고, 이 결과의 유효성 검증을 위해 전문가 인터뷰를 실시했다. 정리된 터치 인터랙션 유형의 시스템 모델 정의 및 상관관계는 앞으로 다양한 터치 기반 인터랙션 개발 시 최적화된 터치 유형 개발에 활용 될 수 있으며, 개발에 참여하는 디자이너, 개발자, 기획자들이 시스템 기능을 이해하는데 도움을 주며 그들의 원활한 의사소통 수단으로 쓰임과 동시에 고객들과의 의사소통에 효과적으로 쓰일 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.3041-3043
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• 2000

GUI(graphical user interface) has been the dominant platform for HCI(human computer interaction). The GUI-based style of interaction has made computers simpler and easier to use. However GUI will not easily support the range of interaction necessary to meet users' needs that are natural, intuitive, and adaptive. In this paper we study an approach to track a hand in an image sequence and recognize it, in each video frame for replacing the mouse as a pointing device to virtual reality. An algorithm for real time processing is proposed by estimating of the position of the hand and segmentation, considering the orientation of motion and color distribution of hand region.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2011

Contemporary architecture has shown interest in surface after breaking off the relation with structure. Also, the development of contemporary media has brought the great change to the surface of architecture. Interaction among the people, architecture, and environment is also the main point of interest in adapting the role of media to the architecture. But contemporary media itself have been applied on surface in architecture lately. So, it is purpose of the study to analyze the contemporary media characteristics application on the surfaces of EXPO pavilions based on the related characteristics of interaction effects. The categories and the contents for the frame of case studies were arranged through document research and field study. Case studies were focused on the pavilions of the World Exposition Shanghai China 2010. Surface can make the interaction between human and architecture more dramatically by the application the role of media. It was analyzed through the study that the interaction level of people is the important issue shared in digital or analog media application on surface of pavilion. The complementary relationship between surface of contemporary architecture and contemporary media can be manipulated and enriched by the application of various style of media on surface.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.329-341
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of subjectivity on communication styles of nursing freshmen and explore their properties by using the Q Methodology. Fifty nursing freshmen of P sample classified 55 Q-statements into the normal distribution of 11 point scale. Data were collected from May to June, 2015 and analyzed by using PC-QUANL program. As a result, communication styles are identified as 'Open-interaction facilitator', 'Other-considerate listener', 'Tense-sensitive to criticism person', and 'Non-interactive observer'. Open-interaction facilitators proficiently use verbal and nonverbal expressions, openly disclosing themselves and facilitating interactions with others. Other-considerate listeners primarily consider others before themselves, with careful communication. Tense-sensitive to criticism persons are nervous, sensitive to criticism, and are distractive style, so they have difficulties in intimate interaction with others. Non-interactive observers are bystanders who observe others and feel indifferent to interactions, without any self disclosure. The result of this study will be used for developing communication educational programs for nursing freshmen.