• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.225-255
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• 2005

The similar point of the 19 regional industrial clusters of Japan is that all of the clusters are not limited to an administrational district but rather covers a larger area. When a cluster covers a larger area, there is problem of acquiring responsible businesses and interactive planing. In order to overcome such a problem, private coordinating organizations have been installed and operated to connect and manage inter-activities of industries, universities, and research institutes. TAMA, a private coordinating organization, differs from other associations in a way that it does not deal with one specific field or business. TAMA rather dealswith various product-developing small to middle size companies by offering strategic support for the development of new technologies and expansion of new businesses. Product-developing small to middle size companies comparatively have their own abilities for technological development and marketing which is quite different from other subcontract companies and their relations to large corporations. In such aspect, product-developing companies are actually similar to large corporations with competitiveness in the world market.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2013

Morus Folium (Sang-yeop in Korean) is one of the most important Oriental medicinal plants. In Korea, both M. alba and M. cathayana are regarded as the botanical sources for Morus Folium. In order to discriminate M. alba and M. cathayana from their adulterant, M. tricuspidata, mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 7 (nad7) intron 2 region was targeted for molecular analysis with universal primers. DNA polymorphisms, including SNP sites, insertions, and deletions, were detected among these three species sequencing data. Based on these DNA polymorphisms, specific primers were designed for the three species respectively. Multiplex PCR was conducted for molecular authentication of M. alba, M. cathayana, and M. tricuspidata with specific primers. The present results indicate that it is possible to identify Morus Folium from its adulterant using mitochondrial nad7 intron 2 region. The established multiplex-PCR system was proved to be effective for identification of Morus Folium. The results indicate that mitochondrial introns can be used for inter-specific polymorphic study, and the described method can be applied for molecular identification of medicinal materials.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Genomic DNA samples isolated from four geographical freshwater crab (Eriocheir sinensis) populations collected in the inland of the Korean Peninsula (Gunsan, Paju, and Nampo) and a Chinese site, were used for PCR amplification. Seven decamer primers generated 19 specific loci (19/243 loci, 7.81%) in the Gunsan population, 32 (32/215 loci, 14.88%) in the Paju population, 19 (19/231 loci, 8.23%) in the Nampo population and 62 (62/340 loci, 18.24%) in a Chinese population. The average 8.9 specific loci exhibited inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus revealing DNA polymorphisms in the Chinese population. The number of unique shared loci to each population and number of shared loci by the four populations were generated by molecular analysis using seven primers in four populations. 35 unique shared loci to each population, with an average of 5.0 per primer, were observed in the Gunsan population, and 50 loci, with an average of 7.1 per primer, were observed in the Chinese population. The hierarchical dendrogram indicates three main branches: cluster 1 (GUNSAN 01$\sim$GUNSAN 05, PAJU 06$\sim$PAJU 10 and NAMPO 11$\sim$NAMPO 15) and cluster 2 (CHINESE 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20). Conclusively individual no. 20 of the PAJU 10 freshwater crab was most distantly related to CHINESE no. 20 (genetic distance = 0.667). Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of RAPD analysis to identify diagnostic markers for the identification of four freshwater crab populations.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2006

The effects of water temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of harmful algae Chattonella marina isolated from Gamak Bay in South Sea, Korea were investigated. C. marina was able to grow in temperatures of $15-30^{\circ}C$ and salinities of 10-35 psu. Maximum specific growth rate (0.64/day) was observed with combination of $25^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu. Optimal growth (${\ge}70%$ of maximum specific growth rate) was obtained with all salinities of the above $20^{\circ}C$. This result indicated that C. marina is a stenothermal of the high water temperature and euryhaline organism. C. marina was did not grow at irradiance ${\le} 10{\mu}mol$ photons/($m^2\;s$). Photoinhibition did not occur at $300{\mu}mol$ photons/($m^2\;s$), which was the maximum irradiance used in this study. The irradiance-growth curve was described as ${\mu}=0.78(I-11.4)/(I+34.1)$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and 25 psu. The half-saturation photon flux density (PFD) ($K_s$) was $56.9{\mu}mol$ photons/($m^2\;s$) and compensation PFD ($I_c$) was $11.4{\mu}mol$ photons/($m^2\;s$). The result of the present study indicate that C. marina has advantage physiological characteristic to the interspecific competition at the embayment and costal areas of South and West Sea, Korea in summer.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.163-166
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• 2015

Genomic DNAs were extracted from the muscle of twenty-one specimens of three eel species collected in Anguilla japonica (AJ), Muraenesox cinereus (MC) and Conger myriaster (CM) from the Yellow Sea, respectively. In the present study, 7 oligonucleotides primers generated 191 specific loci in the AJ species, 226 in the (MC) species and 181 in the CM species, respectively. The primer BION-02 generated the most loci (a total of 83), with an average of 11.86 in the AJ species. The specific loci generated by oligonucleotides primers exhibited inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus revealing DNA polymorphisms. With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from Conger myriaster species (0.808) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from Muraenesox cinereus species (0.729) (P<0.05). The longest genetic distance (0.430) displaying significant molecular difference was also between individual no. 01 within Anguilla japonica eel species and individual no. 04 within Anguilla japonica species. In this study, the dendrogram resulted from reliable seven oligonucleotides primers, indicating three genetic clusters composed of group I (ANGUILLA 01~ANGUILLA 07), group II (MURAENESOX 08~MURAENESOX 14) and group III (CONGER 15~CONGER 21). The existence of species differentiation and DNA polymorphisms among three eel species were detected by PCR analysis. As mentioned above, a dendrogram revealed close relationships between individual identities within three eel species. High levels of a significant genetic distance among three eel species showed this PCR approach is one of the most suitable tools for individuals and/or species biological DNA studies.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.697-707
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• 2007

임베디드 소프트웨어는 탑재될 하드웨어 아키텍처에 매우 의존적이기 때문에 플랫폼 특성을 고려한 소프트웨어 설계가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 MPSoC(Multi Processor System On Chip)용 플랫폼에 탑재될 임베디드 소프트웨어의 PIM(Platform Independent Model)을 PSM(Platform Specific Model)에 매핑하기 위한 기법을 제안하고, 매핑 결과에 대한 시뮬레이션을 통해 매핑 기법의 유효성을 검사하였다. 제안하는 방법은 UML(Unified Modeling Language) 기반의 객체지향 모델로부터 태스크를 도출하여 이 기종의 하드웨어 컴포넌트로 구성된 MPSoC 플랫폼에 할당하기 위한 것으로써, 할당의 정확성 및 신속성과 소프트웨어 병렬성을 극대화 할 수 있는 장점을 제공한다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: No known studies have investigated the influence of stimulus polarity on the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) elicited from level-specific (LS) chirp. This study is important as it provides a better understanding of the stimulus polarity selection for ABR elicited from LS chirp stimulus. We explored the influence of stimulus polarity on the ABR from LS chirp compared to the ABR from click at 80 dBnHL in normal-hearing adults. Subjects and Methods: Nineteen adults with normal hearing participated. The ABRs were acquired using click and LS chirp stimuli using three stimulus polarities (rarefaction, condensation, and alternating) at 80 dBnHL. The ABRs were tested only on the right ear at a stimulus rate of 33.33 Hz. The ABR test was stopped when the recording reached the residual noise level of 0.04 μV. The ABRs amplitudes, absolute latencies, inter-peak latencies (IPLs), and the recorded number of averages were statistically compared among ABRs at different stimulus polarities and stimuli combinations. Results: Rarefaction polarity had the largest ABR amplitudes and SNRs compared with other stimulus polarities in both stimuli. There were marginal differences in the absolute latencies and IPLs among stimulus polarities. No significant difference in the number of averages required to reach the stopping criteria was found. Conclusions: Stimulus polarities have a significant influence on the ABR to LS chirp. Rarefaction polarity is recommended for clinical use because of its larger ABR peak I, III, and V amplitudes than those of the other stimulus polarities.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: No known studies have investigated the influence of stimulus polarity on the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) elicited from level-specific (LS) chirp. This study is important as it provides a better understanding of the stimulus polarity selection for ABR elicited from LS chirp stimulus. We explored the influence of stimulus polarity on the ABR from LS chirp compared to the ABR from click at 80 dBnHL in normal-hearing adults. Subjects and Methods: Nineteen adults with normal hearing participated. The ABRs were acquired using click and LS chirp stimuli using three stimulus polarities (rarefaction, condensation, and alternating) at 80 dBnHL. The ABRs were tested only on the right ear at a stimulus rate of 33.33 Hz. The ABR test was stopped when the recording reached the residual noise level of 0.04 μV. The ABRs amplitudes, absolute latencies, inter-peak latencies (IPLs), and the recorded number of averages were statistically compared among ABRs at different stimulus polarities and stimuli combinations. Results: Rarefaction polarity had the largest ABR amplitudes and SNRs compared with other stimulus polarities in both stimuli. There were marginal differences in the absolute latencies and IPLs among stimulus polarities. No significant difference in the number of averages required to reach the stopping criteria was found. Conclusions: Stimulus polarities have a significant influence on the ABR to LS chirp. Rarefaction polarity is recommended for clinical use because of its larger ABR peak I, III, and V amplitudes than those of the other stimulus polarities.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2009

Platycodon grandiflorum is a long-lived herbaceous and one of the very important herbal medicine and foods. P. grandiflorum is called do-ra-ji in Korea. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the phenetic relationships of four accessions of P. grandiflorum. Wild groups had higher expected diversity, 0.164 for Korean and 0.157 for Chinese accessions than those of cultivated groups, 0.079 for Korea and 0.059 for China. The total genetic diversity in P. grandiflorum was 0.268 across species and the value was lower than average values for species with similar life history traits. The patchy distribution and domestication are proposed as possible factors contributing to low genetic diversity. An assessment of the proportion of diversity within species, HAccession/HSpecies, indicated that about 57.1% the total genetic diversity was among species. Thus, the majority of genetic variation (42.9%) resided within accessions. The estimated Nm (the number of migrants per generation) was very low among four accessions (mean Nm = 0.376). The low estimate of Nm indicated that gene flow was not extensive among four accessions. ISSR01-02 locus can be recognized as an unique locus of Korean groups (wild and cultivated accessions). Thus the locus can be used to distinguish Korean accessions from Chinese accessions. ISSR04-06 locus was found specific to Chinese groups (wild and cultivated accessions) and was not shown in Korean accessions. Although the size of sampling was not large enough for P. grandiflorum, the analyses of ISSRs will certainly provide an enhanced view on the phylogeny of accessions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3735-3742
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• 2013

Background: Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), also known as "Queen of Spices", has been traditionally used as a culinary ingredient due to its pleasant aroma and taste. In addition to this role, studies on cardamom have demonstrated cancer chemopreventive potential in in vitro and in vivo systems. Nevertheless, the precise poly-pharmacological nature of naturally occurring chemo-preventive compounds in cardamom has still not been fully demystified. Methods:In this study, an effort has been made to identify the proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of Cardamom's bioactive principles (eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, d-limonene and geraniol) by employing a dual reverse virtual screening protocol. Experimentally proven target information of the bioactive principles was annotated from bioassay databases and compared with the virtually screened set of targets to evaluate the reliability of the computational identification. To study the molecular interaction pattern of the anti-tumor action, molecular docking simulation was performed with Auto Dock Pyrx. Interaction studies of binding pose of eucalyptol with Caspase 3 were conducted to obtain an insight into the interacting amino acids and their inter-molecular bondings. Results:A prioritized list of target proteins associated with multiple forms of cancer and ranked by their Fit Score (Pharm Mapper) and descending 3D score (Reverse Screen 3D) were obtained from the two independent inverse screening platforms. Molecular docking studies exploring the bioactive principle targeted action revealed that H- bonds and electrostatic interactions forms the chief contributing factor in inter-molecular interactions associated with anti-tumor activity. Eucalyptol binds to the Caspase 3 with a specific framework that is well-suited for nucleophilic attacks by polar residues inside the Caspase 3 catalytic site. Conclusion:This study revealed vital information about the poly-pharmacological anti-tumor mode-of-action of essential oils in cardamom. In addition, a probabilistic set of anti-tumor targets for cardamom was generated, which can be further confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments.