• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

This study was conducted to reveal tree species preference and inter-specific difference of foraging behavior among four canopy-dwelling birds at forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldian and Carpinus cordata at 1,000 meters above sea level during breeding season of birds from 1995 to 1997 in Mt. Jumbongsan. Breeding birds were about 25 species and dominant birds were Erithacus cyane, Parus ater and Parus palustris. A relatively high number of bush-nesters can be a characteristic of breeding bird community at study area. Three gleaners (Tits, P. varius, P. palustris and P. ater) selectively preferred the trees irrespective of dominant tree species, whereas bark foragers (Nuthatch, Sitta europaea) utilized the dominant trees. The four birds showed significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging location, but the three tits did not show significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging maneuver and trees. Closely related tits may coexist with each other by inter-specific different use of foraging location determined by foliage structure and leaf arrangement.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

Objectives: This article intends to explore the major documents about inter-sectoral collaboration for physical activity promotion based on new paradigm. Methods: In addition to the documents after 1990s collected through several physical activity related projects of author, additional snowballing exploration has been done. Results: Globally extensive participation of stake-holders and partnership developed were strategically recommended and implementation strategy and good example were provided. In Europe individual, micro-environmental and macro-environmental specific role of major sectors were provided. Nationally series of Australian documents officialized inter-sectoral linkages from early times and Slovenian program showed examples of inter-sectoral evaluation and health indicators. U.S. national physical activity plan showed specific example of 6 guiding principles and 5 overarching strategies among 8 sectors for good inter-sectoral collaboration. In city level, healthy city approach activated. Conclusions: Various specific good examples of intersectoral physical activity collaboration could searched globally, regionally and nationally for application in Korea.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2017

We prove convergence properties of the global solutions to the cooperative cross-diffusion system with the intra-specific cooperative pressures dominated by the inter-specific competition pressures and the inter-specific cooperative pressures dominated by intra-specific competition pressures. Under these conditions the $W^1_2-bound$ and the time global existence of the solution for the cooperative cross-diffusion system have been obtained in [10]. In the present paper the convergence of the global solution is established for the cooperative cross-diffusion system with large diffusion coefficients.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2012

Members of the ciliate group of protozoans are often observed in mass cultures of rotifers. In particular, Euplotes and Vorticella are common contaminating species. In this study, I examined the effect of the ciliates Euplotes sp. and Vorticella sp. on the growth of the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis by conducting inter-specific and tripartite-specific mixed-culture experiments. The growth of rotifers was suppressed in co-existence with Euplotes sp. compared with monocultures of rotifers. However, Vorticella sp. promoted rotifer growth. Moreover, Vorticella sp. improved the growth of rotifers suppressed by Euplotes sp. contaminants. In 5-L semi-mass cultures of rotifers, growth of the contaminating protozoan Euplotes sp. was heavily suppressed by Vorticella sp. The stable maintenance of the rotifer culture ecosystem can be achieved by manipulating the types of contaminating protozoan species.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

The Perciformes include approximately 40% of all bony fishes and are the largest order of vertebrates. This order includes some of the most economically relevant marine fishes, particularly the red seabream, black seabream and rock bream. A 409 bp fragment of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and 403 bp and 518 bp fragments of ribosomal RNA (12S and 16S rRNA, respectively) were sequenced from five populations of natural and cultured red seabreams, natural black seabream, and natural and cultured rock breams. The mitochondrial DNA sequences were utilized for the genetic identification and population structural analyses of these three species. Phylogenetic relationships of intra- and inter-species were elucidated using three types of molecular genetic markers from three species of the order Perciformes in Korea. We noted no significant differences in the intra-specific variation of the cyt b and rRNA genes in each population however, inter-specific divergences were greater than intra-specific variation. Inter-specific variation was induced more by transition than transversion type in the cyt b and rRNA genes. The cyt b gene and rRNA genes make it possible to determine the inter-species divergence. The rRNA genes have more conserved sequences than the cyt b gene. Therefore, these genes are expected to prove useful among species belonging to the different genera or families.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.201-207
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• 2006

A simple empirical model with good quantitative prediction of inter-particle and intra-particle distance in a cake layer with respect to ionic strength was developed. The model is an inverse length scale with functions of interaction energy and hydrodynamic factor and it explains that the inter-particle and intra-particle distance in a cake is directly related to the effective size of particles. Particle compressibility with respect to ionic strength was also predicted by the model. The model corroborated very well with experimental results of polystyrene microsphere latex particles microfiltation in a dead end operation. From the results of the model, specific cake resistance could be controlled by the same variables affecting the height of particle energy barrier described by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2005

To ensure interoperability among TADILs, we need inter-operational system of tactical data link that allows sharing of specific, planned information among different TADILs. In this paper, we have proposed the design of a conceptual software architecture of inter-operational system. For developing of a conceptual software architecture, we analyze the actual condition of ADSI used in the US military and identify functions and quality-attributes. Based on these factors, we design the conceptual software architecture for inter-operational system of tactical data link using Attribute-Driven Design(ADD) method. ADD is consist of three phases - choose the module to decompose, refine the module, repeat the steps for every module that needs further decomposition. To evaluate of ADD results, we apply the Software Architecture Analysis Method(SAAM) which is consist of making evaluation scenarios, choosing indirect scenarios, evaluation scenarios' interaction, and creating an overall evaluation. Through the evaluation, we verify the conceptual software architecture of inter-operational system.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine whether suppliers are able to benefit by means of constructing a relationship-specific intangible asset and participating in collaboration with purchasers to actively maintain value created while mutually using inter-organizational information systems. To achieve the purpose of this study. 82 questionnaires have been analyzed from suppliers which are using electronic transactions through inter-organizational information systems. As a result, business process specificity and domain knowledge specificity, which are relationship-specific intangible assets, affect operational collaboration and strategic collaboration, which are classified by level of decision-making. Although both types of collaboration are needed to achieve both strategic and operational benefits, we find each collaboration to be uniquely promoted by a specific types of relationship-specific intangible asset. Operational collaboration is found to be an antecedent to operational benefit and strategic collaboration is found to be an antecedent to strategic benefits. No crossover between collaboration and supplier's benefits is found. Consequently, the result of this study shows collaboration is needed for domestic suppliers, which have relatively low levels of collaboration, to keep maintain relationship-specific intangible assets and to prevent the relationship termination cost when transactions have been stopped between supplier and purchaser. Also the results imply the supplier can have advantages by participating in collaboration.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

RAPD, Inter-SSR, and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of lettuce cultivars and the phylogenetic relationships in Lactuca spp. A total of 216 polymorphic bands from seven RAPD primers, four Inter-SSR primers, and five AFLP primer combinations were used to elucidate the genetic similarity among lettuce cultivars. Forty-four lettuce accessions were subdivided into discrete branches according to plant type: crisphead, butterhead, and stem type, with some exceptions. The leafy- and cos-type accessions were intermingled in other groups with no discrete branch indicating that these are more diverse than others. Three accessions, including the Korean cultivar 'Cheongchima', the Korean local landrace 'Jinjam', and the German cultivar 'Lolla Rossa' were classified as the most diverse accessions. Twenty bands were unique in specific cultivars. Among these, three were specific in a plant type; one in Korean leafy type, one in crisphead type, and one in cos type lettuce. In the phylogenetic analysis among Lactuca species, L. saligna, L. serriola, and L. georgica clustered in a sister branch of the L. sativa complex. Two L. virosa accessions show the highest intra-specific relationships. L. perennis outlied from all the other Lactuca species at a genetic similarity of 0.53 and clustered with two Cichorium species, C. intybus and C. endivia, with genetic similarity of 0.67. The phylogenetic tree was supported by data from polymorphism of chloroplast genome which was revealed by PCR-RFLP.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2015

In conventional LEDs, a mesa-structure is usually used and it causes the current to be overcrowded in a specific region. We propose a novel structure of GaN-based LED to overcome this problem. In order to distribute the current in an active region, a spreading pad is inserted at the p-type region in the GaN based LED device. The inserted spreading pad helps the current flow because it is more conductive than the p-type GaN layer. By performing electrical and optical simulations, the effects of the spreading pad insertion are confirmed. The results of electrical simulation show that the current spreads more uniformly and more radiative recombination is produced as well. Moreover, from the optical simulation, it is revealed that the ITO is less absorptive material than p-GaN if the condition of specific wavelength sources is satisfied. Considering all of the results, we can conclude that the luminescent power is enhanced by the spreading pad.