• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, somatization, and jaw disability on graded chronic pain of TMD using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Ninety-three patients (17 men and 76 women, mean$\pm$SD age of 30.1$\pm$12.5 years) diagnosed with TMD based on RDC/TMD axis I criteria were administered RDC/TMD axis II history questionnaire. The relationships between depression, somatization, jaw disability, and each parameters of graded chronic pain (e.g. pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, graded chronic pain scale) were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among 93 TMD patients, the prevalence of low disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 42.0% and high disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 51.5%. 2. Depression did not show any significant influences on pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, and graded chronic pain scale. 3. Somatization showed a significant effect on pain intensity (p<0.01), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (p<0.01) except for both pain days and disability score. 4. Jaw disability also showed a significant effect on pain intensity (P<0.001), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (P<0.001) except for both pain days and disability score. Somatization and jaw disability may closely relate to the pain intensity and degree of disability that TMD patients perceive. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of psychological profile and improvement of functional limitation of jaw movements in the patient should be considered to obtain an excellent outcome of chronic TMD management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1991-1998
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three different diets on the fatty acids (FA) profile and sensory properties of a characteristic Italian fresh cheese: Pecorino "Primo Sale" (PS). Methods: Fifty-four sheep were divided into three feeding groups: total mixed ration (TMR) enriched with extruded linseed (TL), control diet with TMR without any integration (TC), and pasture (P). During cheese production, six cheeses per experimental group were produced each week, stored for 10 days at 4℃, and then analyzed for chemical composition, FA profile, and sensory properties. Results: Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly higher in PS from group TC (82.11%) than in cheese from other two groups (P 75.48% and TL 66.83%). TL and P groups presented higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 4.35 and 3.65%, respectively, than that of TC group (2.31%). The lowest SFA/unsaturated fatty acid ratio was found in TL and P groups, while the highest was found in the TC group. Vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were higher in group P (p<0.05) than in groups L and TC. Sensory properties of cheese from group P received the highest scores for odor intensity and friability, while control group had a greater chewing consistency. Overall, all cheeses received good scores for acceptability. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed how the integration of extruded linseed improved the FA profile of fresh pecorino cheese PS preserving its sensory properties. Levels of CLA in the PS group achieved using this approach was not higher than that in a grazing diet. Cheeses from groups P and L contained a higher value of FA, with nutritional implications for humans, when compared with un-supplemented diet. Linseed may be a good feeding strategy when pasture is not available.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

Purpose: TiN films were deposited on sus304 by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system which was designed and developed as unbalancing the strength of the magnets in the magnetron electrode. The effect of oxygen incorporation in the fabrication of deposited films was investigated. Methods: The cross sections of deposited films on Silicon wafer were observed by SEM to measure the thickness of the films, the components of the surface of the films were identified by XPS survey spectra, the compositional depth-profile of deposited films was examined by an XPS apparatus. Results: From the data of XPS depth profile of films, it could be seen that the element O as well as the elements Ti and N present in the surface of the film and the relative percentage of the element O was constant at 65 at.% with respect to the depth of film. Conclusions: The color change with thickness of the films had something to do with the change of Ti $ 2p_{3/2}$ peak intensity and shape mixed of $ TiO_2$, TiN, $ TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 1990

An experimental study is performed in order to catch the characteristics of the flow field at arrested salt wedge, using a rectangular open channel. Arrested salt wedge is generally so stable that the observations are easy, but velocities and interfacial waves are measured with the aid of visualization method, by injection of fluorescent dyes. The density interface, which is defined as the zone of maximum density variation with depth, exists in about 0.5 cm below the visual interface, and vertical density profile is quite well satisfied with Homeborn model. Interfacial layer has high turbulent intensity and its thickness decreases as the overall Richardson number increases and has magnitude of roughly 17% of upper layer. Cross-sectional velocity distribution just shows the influence of a side-wall friction and in the upper layer vertical velocity profile also becomes uniformly as Reynolds number increases, but in the lower layer it shows nearly parabolic type. Supposes that we divide salt wedge into three domains, that is, river mouth, intermediate and tip zone, entertainment coefficient is small at the intermediate zone and large at the river mouth and the tip zone. River mouth or intermediate zone has comparatively stable interface and capillary wave therefore s produced and propagated downstream. On the other hand, tip zone is very unstable, cusping ripple or bursting ripple is then produced incessantly. Arrested salt wedge form is nearly linear and has no relation to densimetric Froude number and Reynolds number.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1991

XRD patterns of biedellite-nontronite and saponite-iron saponite series were investigated using one-dimensional pattern simulation method. Ethylene-glycolate smectites show stronger 002 and 003 reflections than hydrated specimens do. The intensities of the 002 and 003 reflections change systematically as a function of Fe enrichment in both types of smectites. The intensity ratio of 002/003 increases with increasing. Fe in both dioctahedral to the higher scattering factor of Fe than those of Al and Mg, and the scattering power of various smectites can be compared quantitatively by calculating the scattering factors of octahedral cations. Interlayer cations cause less effect on XRD profile than octahedral cations as Fe do. Although 001 reflections provide informations about the overall scattering power of the octahedral sheet, some ferrous dioctahedtal smectite cannot be distinguished unambiguously from trioctahedral smectites on the basis of XRD profile. Simulation showed that heterogeneous smectites exhibit 001 intensity distribution that is almost identical to that of homogeneous smectites having the average composition of heterogeneous ones. The broadening of 001 reflections may not be useful in evaluating the degree of heterogeneity of smectite unless other factors affecting the broadening are well known.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.405-420
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• 2017

We investigated the H I, He II and O III emission lines of the symbiotic star AG Peg, using the spectroscopic data secured at different phases in three periods at the Lick Observatory. We measured FWHM and the intensity of six O III Bowen lines and studied the efficiency of fluorescence mechanism. The mean FWHM of O III normal and Bowen lines observed during three time periods did not make much difference, while Bowen line intensities are about 4.0 times higher than the normal lines. Comparing the predicted and the observed ratios, we found that the observed intensities are higher than predicted intensities, except for O III ${\lambda}$ 3759.87. The O III ${\lambda}$ 3791.26 and 3754.67 intensity ratios observed only in 2001 are in good agreement with the predictions by Saraph and Seaton (1980). We obtained the Bowen efficiency parameter (R)=0.47 for 2002, but we could not find R for the other two periods of time. Because of this, based on the 2002 efficiency result, we calculated the intensity ratio of O III normal and Bowen lines relative to He II ${\lambda}$ 4685.68 and derive the efficiency variation with time period. The result showed that the efficiency is the highest in 1998 and the lowest in 2001. We conclude that the efficiencies with phase are caused by the electron temperature changes in the ionized gas. The efficiencies of AG Peg are likely to increase along with electron temperature. Our analysis results may be useful in understanding the physical conditions of the ionized shell in symbiotic star and the intensity ratio and efficiency variation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

Purpose : Authors correlated the three-dimensional time-of-flight MRA signal intensity characteristics and flow profile simulated by computer in an experimental flow phantom model. Materials and Methods : The three-dimensional time-of-flight MRA was performed in a fusiform flow phantom and analyzed the flow signal. computer assisted flow simulation was performed in same flow geometry. The MRA signal intensity and flow velocity distribution and direction was compared. Results : The flow was depicted as homogeneous signal internsity in inlet and outlet area and inhomogeneous signal intensity in fusiform area. Typically, the flow was depicted as target appearance in transition area to outlet. Whereas mean signal internsity decreased slowly in fusiform area, it rapidly dropped and resumed in transition area to outlet. In computer assisted flow simulation, Whereas there were flow velocity decrease and flow direction change to peripheral in entrance to fusiform area, ther were rapid flow velocity resuming and flow direction change to central in transition area to outlet. Conclusion : The signal loss and target appearance in transition area to outlet is characteristic of fusiform flow. These signal changes correlate with abrupt flow velocity and direction change well.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.232-241
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• 2019

This study examines one of the conventional and controversial issues in modern finance. Specifically, this study identifies financial determinants of corporate R&D intensity for firms belonging to Korean Chaebols. Empirical estimation procedures are applied to derive more robust results of each hypothesis test. Static panel data, Tobit regression and stepwise regression models are employed to obtain significant financial factors of R&D expenditures, while logit, probit and complementary log-log regression models are used to detect financial differences between Chaebol firms and their counterparts not classified as Chaebols. Study results found the level of R&D intensity in the prior fiscal year, market-value based leverage ratio and firm size empirically showed their significance to account for corporate R&D intensity in the first hypothesis test, whereas the majority of explanatory variables had important power on a relative basis. Assuming that the current circumstances in the domestic capital market may necessitate gradual changes of Korean Chaebols in terms of their socio-economic function, the results of this study are expected to contribute to identifying financial antecedents that can be beneficial to attain optimal level of corporate R&D expenditures for Chaebol firms on a virtuous cycle.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2012

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the roles of the micro-dimpled surface on the drag reduction. To investigate the effectiveness of the micro-dimpled surface, the flat plates are prepared. The micro-size dimples are directly carved on the metal surface by ultrasonic nano-crystal surface modification (UNSM) method. Momentum of the main flow is increased by the dimple patterns within the turbulent boundary layer (TBL), however, there is no significant change in the turbulence intensity in the TBL. The influence of dimple patterns is examined through the flow field survey near the flat plate trailing edge in terms of the profile drag. The wake flow velocities in the flat plate are measured by PIV technique. The maximum drag reduction rate is 4.6% at the Reynolds number of $10^6{\sim}10^7$. The dimples tend to increase the drag reduction rate consistently even at high Reynolds number range.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1980

The infiltration rates of the upland soils on hill side slope were investigated in situ using rainulator of which rainfall intensity was 100mm/hr. The soil moisture profile after the water infiltration was compared with that calculated from Youngs' equation. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Time required for infiltration rate to reach constant during rainfall was 15 to 25 min. The infiltration rate measured after 30 min was considered to be final infiltration rate. 2. The final infiltration rates of clay soils were lower than 10mm/hr., loamy soils 10 to 20., coarse loamy soils 20 to 30, and sandy soils higher than 30mm/hr., respectively. 3. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil of Samgag sandy loam was 0.47mm/min., Songjeong clay loam0.16 mm/min., and Jeonnam silty clay loam 0.14mn/min., respectively. 4. The soil moisture profile calculated from Young's equation was in close agreement with measured in situ.