• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.663-667
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• 2013

Free-grazing ducks play a major role in the rural economy of Eastern Asia in the form of egg and meat production. In Thailand, the geographical location, tropical climate conditions and wetland areas of the country are suitable for their husbandry. These environmental factors also favor growth, multiplication, development, survival, and spread of duck parasites. In this study, a total of 90 free-grazing ducks from northern, central, and northeastern regions of Thailand were examined for intestinal helminth parasites, with special emphasis on zoonotic echinostomes. Of these, 51 (56.7%) were infected by one or more species of zoonotic echinostomes, Echinostoma revolutum, Echinoparyphium recurvatum, and Hypoderaeum conoideum. Echinostomes found were identified using morphological criteria when possible. ITS2 sequences were used to identify juvenile and incomplete worms. The prevalence of infection was relatively high in each region, namely, north, central, and northeast region was 63.2%, 54.5%, and 55.3%, respectively. The intensity of infection ranged up to 49 worms/infected duck. Free-grazing ducks clearly play an important role in the life cycle maintenance, spread, and transmission of these medically important echinostomes in Thailand.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2006

남해안에 서식하는 왕우럭의 공생성 요각류 3종의 감염률에 대한 계절 변동을 연구하였다. 계절에 따라서 감염률과 출현량의 차이를 보였으며, 겨울철에 높게 출현하였다. 요각류의 출현 양상에 따른 생산력은 성숙한 요각류의 비율이 높아지면서 초가을과 봄에 높게 나타났다. 공생성 요각류 3종의 출현 빈도는 숙주의 개체군이 성장할 수 있는 서식 조건에 따른 적합한 환경이 되어야 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 공생성 요각류의 계절에 따른 감염률, 상대 감염강도, 평균 감염밀도는 수온과 그들의 생활사에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1989

우리 나라 5대 강의 19개 하천에서 피라미와 갈겨니 총 370마리를 1988년 6월부터 9월까지 포획하고 개체별로 인공소화시켜 C. armatus 피낭유충 감염상을 조사하였다. 피라미의 피낭유충 감염률은 평균 86.8%, 어체당 피낭유충 수는 평균 224개(1∼5,431)이었으며, 갈겨니에서는 78.5% 및 131개(1∼2,711)이었다. 한강 수계에서 포획된 어류의 피낭유충 감염률과 어체당 피낭유충 수는 평균 73.4% 및 32개(1∼289)이었으며, 영산강산 어류는 각각 88.0% 및 44개(2∼176)이었다. 금강, 탐진강 및 섬진강산 어류는 모두 피낭유충에 감염되어 있었으며 어체당 평균 피낭유충 수는 지역별로 각각 45개(2∼243), 59개(3∼311) 및 119개(1∼1,682)이었다. 낙동강 수계에서 포획된 어류의 피낭유충 감염률은 81.0%이었으며 어체당 피낭유충 수는 평균 348개(1∼5,431)이었다. 이 연구로 C. armatus 는 우리 나라 5대 강 유역에 널리 분포하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1993

경상남도 산청군 주민의 간흡충 감염 현황을 파악하고 1984년 조사자료와 비교 평가하기 위하여 1992년 10월에 역학조사를 하였다. 일반 주민의 간흘충 충란양성률은 837명에 대한 조사에서 37.6%(남자 48.1%. 여자 28.6%)였다. 국민학생은 145명중 평균 9.7%(남자 9.9%, 여자 9.4%)를 보였다. 일반주민의 EPG(599 Per gram offices) 평균치는 3.310(남자 4.221 여자 1.978)이었다. 국민학생은 711(남자 620. 여자 833)을 보였으며 20대에서 7.852로 가장 높았다 EPG에 따는 감염자의 분포는 72.6%가 1,000미만의 경감염자이었고 10.000미만의 중등도까지 93 9%가 포함되었다. 중감염자로는 EPG 120.000이상에 속하는 사람이 0.3%를 차지했다. 감염자의 민물고기 생식 경험률은 90.5%. 최근 2년내 생식한 사람은 71.1%였다. 1984년과 1992년에 조사된 동일인 138명 중 반복감염자가 31명(22.5%). 음성으로 전환된 자가 35명(25.4%), 새로 양성 전환자가 22명(15.9%)이었다. 그러므로 1984년 자료와 비교할때 충란양성률은 국민학생은 줄고 일반 주민은 변화가 없었으며. 감염강도는 주민과 국민학생 모두에게서 감소하였고, 주민의 민물고기 생식습관은 변하지 않았음을 알 수 있었다. 이 지역에서는 주민들의 식습관의 변화가 앞으로 간흡충 퇴치사업에 가장 중요한 요인이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

Urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one of the most common neoplasms in Egypt, is attributed to chronic urinary infection with Schistosoma haematobium (Schistosomiasis). The proto-oncogene c-KIT, encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor and implicated in the development of a number of human malignancies, has not been studied so far in schistosomal urinary bladder SCCs. We therefore determined immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of c-KIT in paraffin sections from 120 radical cystectomies of SCCs originally obtained from the Pathology Department of Suez Canal University (Ismailia, Egypt). Each slide was evaluated for staining intensity where the staining extent of >10% of cells was considered positive. c-KIT overexpression was detected in 78.3% (94/120) of the patients, the staining extents in the tumor cells were 11-50% and >50% in 40 (42.6%) and 54 (57.4%) respectively. The positive cases had 14.9%, 63.8%, 21.3% as weak, moderate and strong intensity respectively. Patients with positive bilharzial ova had significantly higher c-KIT expression than patients without (95.2% vs. 38.9%, P=0.000). Mutation analysis of exons 9-13 was negative in thirty KIT positive cases. The high rate of positivity in SBSCC was one of the striking findings; However, CD117 may be a potential target for site specific immunotherapy to improve the outcome of this tumor.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to find out the effect of aerobic exercise using Bruce protocol on heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Methods : In this study, 34 students from D University located in J city were targeted, COVID-19 infected group (17 people) and non-COVID-19 non-infected group (17 people). The Bruce protocol using a treadmill was applied to the aerobic exercise of this study. The Bruce protocol has in the first stage of METs 4 (slope 10 %, speed 2.7 km/h). The second stage was METs 5 (slope 12 %, speed 4 km/h), and the third stage was METs 6 (slope 14 %, speed 5.4 km/h). All measurements were measured 3 times and the average value was used. Results : As a result of this study, as a result of comparing heart rate changes according to aerobic exercise using the Bruce protocol. EG group and the CG group increased significantly according to the progressive exercise load (METs 4~5), and in the third stage of the Bruce protocol between groups, The EG group showed a significantly lower heart rate. As a result of comparing changes in oxygen saturation and blood pressure, there was no significant difference between the EG and C groups according to the gradual exercise load. Conclusion : In conclusion, there was no difference between normal and pressure when MET of moderate intensity exercise (4 to 6) was applied to the effect on heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure in healthy adults who were fully recovered from COVID-19. Secondary side effects may occur when high intensity exercise with a MET of 6 or higher, so it is strongly recommended that hospitals or specialized institutions measure exercise and physical ability according to individual exercise intensity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.446-455
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• 2022

본 연구는 우리나라 소방공무원의 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 대응 업무 실태를 파악하고 COVID-19와 관련된 경험이 우울증에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 소방공무원 53,557명이 온라인 설문조사에 참여하여, 본인 및 동료의 COVID-19 감염 경험, COVID-19 대응 업무 경험 및 업무 강도, 사회적 낙인의 두려움, 불안 및 우울 증상에 대한 설문에 답했다. 자료 분석 결과, 2021년 3월 기준으로 전체 53,557명 중 45.76%가 COVID-19 대응 업무 경험을 한 것으로 나타났다. 주요 직무군 별로는 구급 업무군에서 COVID-19 대응 업무의 수행 비율이 가장 높았고, 대응 업무 강도와 사회적 낙인의 두려움 역시 다른 직무군에 비해 컸다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 동료의 감염, 대응 업무 강도, 사회적 낙인의 두려움이 COVID-19 팬데믹 중 소방공무원의 우울증을 설명하는 유의한 변수인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 COVID-19 팬데믹 시대에 소방공무원들에게서 우울증을 발생시킬 수 있는 위험 요인을 제시하며, 감염병과 관련된 소방공무원 직군의 우울증 발생 예방과 증상 완화를 위한 노력에 실질적인 토대를 제공한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10463-10468
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• 2015

Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection is the major etiological factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially in northeast Thailand. We have previously reported significant involvement of PI3K/AKT/PTEN and $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin in human CCA tissues. The present study, therefore, examined the expression and activation of PI3K/AKT/PTEN and $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling components during Ov-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis in a hamster animal model. Hamsters were divided into two groups; non-treated and Ov plus NDMA treated. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed an upregulation of PI3K/AKT signaling as determined by elevated expression of the $p85{\alpha}$-regulatory and $p110{\alpha}$-catalytic subunits of PI3K as well as increased expression and activation of AKT during cholangiocarcinogenesis. Interestingly, the staining intensity of activated AKT (p-AKT) increased in the apical regions of the bile ducts and strong staining was detected where the liver fluke resides. Moreover, PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT, was suppressed by decreased expression and increased phosphorylation during cholangiocarcinogenesis. We also detected upregulation of $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling as determined by increased positive staining of Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt7b and ${\beta}$-catenin, corresponded with the period of cholangiocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, nuclear staining of ${\beta}$-catenin was observed in CCA tissues. Our results suggest the liver fluke infection causes chronic inflammatory conditions which lead to upregulation of the PI3K/AKT and $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin signaling pathways which may drive CCA carcinogenesis. These results provide useful information for drug development, prevention and treatment of CCA.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted helminthozoonosis due to infection of humans by larvae of Toxocara canis. The disease could produce cognitive and behavioral disturbances especially in children. Meanwhile, in our modern era, the incidence of immunosuppression has been progressively increasing due to increased incidence of malignancy as well as increased use of immunosuppressive agents. The present study aimed at comparing some of the pathological and immunological alterations in the brain of normal and immunosuppressed mice experimentally infected with T. canis. Therefore, 180 Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups including normal (control) group, immunocompetent T. canis-infected group, immunosuppressed group (control), and immunosuppressed infected group. Infected mice were subjected to larval counts in the brain, and the brains from all mice were assessed for histopathological changes, astrogliosis, and IL-5 mRNA expression levels in brain tissues. The results showed that under immunosuppression, there were significant increase in brain larval counts, significant enhancement of reactive gliosis, and significant reduction in IL-5 mRNA expression. All these changes were maximal in the chronic stage of infection. In conclusion, the immunopathological alterations in the brains of infected animals were progressive over time, and were exaggerated under the effect of immunosuppression as did the intensity of cerebral infection.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

One of the major problems in fish production is that parasite-induced episodes of disease can result in significant impacts to the health of stock, mortalities and, economical losses. Seabreams are economically important fish in both the capture fishery and aquaculture sectors in Oman and represent potential species for aquaculture. The current study set out to investigate infection of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans on the gills of wild goldlined seabream, Rhabdosargus sarba, caught from Musairah region in Oman. The prevalence, mean intensity and abundance of polyopisthocotyleans on 145 fish was found to be 52.41%, 5.65 and 3.04, respectively. Three species of microcotylid parasite were isolated, one being Atrispinum acarne while the remaining two species require further study to identify them. There was no significant difference in the infection rate between host sex, however, parasite burdens were higher on larger sized fish (p<0.05) and were found to favour the first gill arch (p< 0.05). The study found that the sample of Rhabdosargus sarba landed in the waters around Musairah are heavily infected, with a predominantly immature population of microcotylids. Further work is required to better understand the potential risk each species poses to the health of its host before a decision is made on the suitability of new candidate fish species for commercial aquaculture.