• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2006

Levels of ethyl carbamate, by-product produced naturally during fermentation, in Korean alcoholic beverages were determined by Gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion mode (GC/MS/SIM), and their daily intake by Korean adult group was estimated. In GC/MS/SIM analysis 0.8-10.1, 0.5-0.8, 0.4-0.9, 3.5-689.9, 8.4-30.3, 13.9-30.0, and 1.7-11.7 ppb of ethyl carbamate were detected in soju, beer, takju, fruit wine, cheongju, whiskey, and grape wine, respectively. Maximum daily exposure of ethyl carbamate through alcoholic beverage consumption was 7.41 ng/kg body weight/day for average Korean male, with one soju brand and two fruit wine brands showing high ethyl carbamate level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2020

본 연구는 만 19세 이상 60세 미만 성인남녀 98명을 대상으로 스마트폰 앱인 Gene-Health 이용하여 식사 기록을 통해 분석된 영양소섭취량과 동일한 날의 식사 섭취 전과 후의 사진비교를 통해 섭취량을 추정하여 분석된 영양소섭취량을 비교함으로 Gene-Health의 타당도를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, Gene-Health의 영양소섭취량과 사진을 통해 추정한 영양소섭취량을 비교한 결과 에너지, 탄수화물, 지방, 지방으로부터의 에너지 섭취비율은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나 단백질 섭취량과 단백질로부터의 에너지 섭취 비율은 Gene-Health가 높았고, 탄수화물로부터의 에너지 섭취비율은 사진추정군이 높았다. 둘째, Gene-Health와 사진을 통한 영양소섭취량의 상관성은 에너지, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방섭취량과 탄수화물 비율, 단백질 비율, 지질 비율은 모두 상관계수 0.382-0.708로 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 셋째, Gene-Health와 사진을 통한 에너지, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방섭취량과 탄수화물 비율, 단백질 비율, 지질 비율의 가중 카파 계수는 0.588-0.662로 상당히 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 에너지와 다량영양소, 다량영양소 섭취 비율의 same agreement는 41.8%-48.0%이며 adjacent agreement는 75.5%-88.8%였다. 본 연구를 통하여 Gene-Health는 에너지와 다량영양소 섭취량을 추정하기 위한 타당한 도구라고 사료된다. 추후 연구에서는 다양한 연령과 여성 참가자를 확대하여 성별과 연령에 따른 Gene-Health의 타당도를 연구할 필요가 있다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to (a) measure plate waste of school lunches, (b) evaluate the nutrients actually consumed by students in elementary school foodservice. The survey was conducted between May 11 and July 1, 1998 through the practical measurement and questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS program for descriptive analysis and T-test. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean plate waste of menu group were soup, vegetable side dishes, kimchi, and meat side dish in order. 2. There was little difference between estimation and weighing of plate waste. 3. The satisfaction of children with school lunches were significantly higher for boys(73.55%) than for girls(71.13%). The highest level of the satisfaction was meat side dishes among boys and girls. 4. The majority reasons for leaving leftover were 'too big portion' and 'food is not tasty'. 5. There was significant negative correlation between plate waste and student's satisfaction. In summary, increased satisfaction with school lunches in most menus resulted in decreased plate waste rate. 6. Comparison of $\frac{1}{3}$ RDA, energy, vitamin A and calcium were below recommended allowances for boys while energy vitamin A, calcium and iron were for girls. In general, the nutrient intake was more adequate for boys than girls because of the girl's lower allowances.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2001

실험 또는 계측에 의해 관측된 관측치들은 종종 어떤 기준치 이하의 작은 값들이 기록되는데, 이들 기준치 이하의 값들이 크기는 미소할지라도 평균이나 분산 추정시 왜곡된 결과를 줄 수 있다. 그러나 우리 나라에서는 관측오차로 간주하여 N.D.(Not Detected)로 처리하는 것을 관례로 하고 있어 미소치들이 기록되지 않고 있다. EK라서 본 연구에서는 부여 취수장의 암모니아성 질소(NH$_3$-N)자료가 크기에 따라 분표형이 다름을 조사하고 그 분포를 구별할 수 있는 기준치와 기준치 이하의 자료들에 대한 평균과 분산 추정시 가장 적절한 기법을 찾고자 하였다. 즉, 기준치 이하의 값들과 이상의 값들을 구분하여 평균과 분산을 위한 적절한 기법을 선정하여 추정하였다. 분석 결과 부여취사장의 자료는 편기 수정된 최우도(Bias Corrected ML)법이 가장 적합한 것으로 결정되었으며, 시행착오법에 의하여 기준치를 설정하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.760-775
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the validity of food photographs for estimating individuals' dietary intakes and compare it with other dietary assessment methods. Subjects were 7 professors, 2 researchers, 12 dietitian and 16 graduate students majoring in food and nutrition. Among the subjects, 20 subjects had research experiences in the dietary intake survey more than one year while 17 had not. Each subject estimated 50 food portions displayed in computer monitor by comparing with standard food photographs, which were weighed portions of 28 foods from typical Korean diet. No significant differences between the estimated value and the weighed value of 17 (34%) food portions were shown in research-experienced group and those of 14 (28%) food portions were shown in no-researchexperienced group. 24-hour recall was the most frequently-used method for dietary assessment followed by in the order of food frequency questionnaire, dietary record, diet history and weighing method. After estimating food portions by photographs, 30 subjects (81%) were willing to use the method for dietary assessment because of its convenience and easy communication between researcher and subject. This study suggests that digital photography method would be a useful and convenient new instrument for estimating individuals' dietary intake. However, it is necessary to create standard database for food portions and carry out systematic education for food estimation in order to apply this method in the fields.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2009

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of using digital pictures to assess individuals' nutrient intakes from school lunch. The subjects for the study were 29 male students and 40 female students from two classes in a middle school located in Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. The school lunch service was self-operated and the students were allowed to portion the foods by themselves. The teacher in charge of each class took digital pictures of every student's lunch plate that was tagged with an i.d. number, before and after eating for two consecutive days. The researchers estimated the amount of food, which an individual actually consumed by comparing pre- and post-pictures of their plate with reference food pictures for better visual estimation of the food amounts. Individual energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-Pro (ver 3.0) using the food intake data visually estimated from the digital pictures and school lunch recipes. The teachers in charge reported that about 10~15 additional minutes were needed to take the pictures used for the study and this additional time did not place much burden on the service process during the lunch period. The results showed that the students' actual energy and nutrient intakes from the same school lunch menus were quite varied as the serving portions were not regulated and left-overs were not prohibited. This pilot study suggests that examination of individual nutrient intake using digital picture is a feasible method in the context of school lunch service.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.337-350
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and dietary quality in low-income elderly individuals residing at home (LH) or in health care facilities (LHCF) with dietitian. This study was conducted via anthropometric measurements, questionnaire interviews, and dietary surveys using a 24 hr recall method with 120 low-income elderly individuals (LHCF=46, LH=74). The average ages of the LH and LHCF group were 76.3 years and 78.6 years, respectively. The LH group evidenced a significantly higher frequency of skipping meals than the LHCF group. The average energy intakes of the LHCF and LH group were 1921.0 kcal and 1443.9 kcal, with a significant difference (p<0.001). Most of the nutrient intake and intake rates for recommended intake were significantly higher among the LHCF group as compared with the LH group. The LHCF group showed significantly higher values for the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), nutrient density (ND), and the index of nutritional quality (INQ) by dietary qualitative estimation than in the LH group. The Korean diet diversity scores (KDDS) were 3.66 for LH group and 4.93 for the LHCF group, thus were significantly higher in the LHCF group than in the LH group. The results of the present study demonstrate that the LH group appeared to experience more dietary problems than the LHCF group. It was suggested that nutritional education is needed for low-income elderly individuals living at home, in order for them to learn proper dietary management. This can be achieved via educational programs in social welfare institutions, incentives toward employment as a dietitian, and implementation of community-based support.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.140-156
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• 2023

Children are very sensitive to exposure to heavy metals such as mercury which can accumulate in the body. Exposure to even low concentrations of such metals is reported to be very harmful to health. An evaluation of the mercury content of meals in public elementary schools could provide information which could be used to reduce this level. Two public elementary schools were selected from 16 cities and provinces. The meals provided were analyzed in the third week of spring, summer, fall, and winter. The average mercury allowance per meal was calculated using the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) established by the government. The number of instances of excess content observed was compared by region based on the mercury allowance per meal, and the frequency of use of mercury-containing marine products that cause the excessive levels was identified. The results of analyzing a total of 575 menus revealed that the use of marine and processed marine products with a high mercury content was more in the coastal areas. The mercury content in school meals was also higher in coastal areas than in inland areas. Conversely, in inland areas, the frequency of intake of marine products and marine products with a high mercury content was low, and the amount of mercury intake in school meals was also correspondingly low. In conclusion, this study intended to provide information that could be used to make school meal menus safer. This data can be used to replace school meal menus with high mercury content in coastal areas with menus with low mercury content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.849-856
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• 2017

Objective: The net energy requirement for the maintenance ($NE_m$) of broilers was determined using regression models by the indirect calorimetry method (ICM) or the comparative slaughter method (CSM). Methods: A $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement of treatments including the evaluation method (ICM or CSM) and feed intake (25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of ad libitum recommended) was employed in this experiment. In the ICM, 96 male Arbor Acres (AA) birds aged d 15 were used with 4 birds per replicate and 6 replicates in each treatment. In the CSM, 116 male AA birds aged d 15 were used. Among these 116 birds, 20 were selected as for initial data and 96 were assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicate cages and 4 birds each. The linear regression between retained energy (RE) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) or the logarithmic regression between heat production (HP) and MEI were used to calculate the metabolizable or net energy requirement for maintenance ($ME_m$) or $NE_m$, respectively. Results: The evaluation method did not detect any differences in the metabolizable energy (ME), net energy (NE), and NE:ME of diet, and in the MEI, HP, and RE of broilers. The MEI, HP, and RE of broilers decreased (p<0.01) as the feed intake decreased. No evaluation method${\times}$feed intake interaction was observed on these parameters. The $ME_m$ and $NE_m$ estimated from the linear relationship were 594 and 386 kJ/kg of body weight $(BW)^{0.75}/d$ in the ICM, and 618 and 404 kJ/kg of $BW^{0.75}/d$ in the CSM, respectively. The $ME_m$ and $NE_m$ estimated by logarithmic regression were 607 and 448 kJ/kg of $BW^{0.75}/d$ in the ICM, and were 619 and 462 kJ/kg of $BW^{0.75}/d$ in the CSM, respectively. Conclusion: The NEm values obtained in this study provide references for estimating the NE values of broiler diets.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2000

액체크로마토그라프(HPLC)에 의해 분석한 결과 아스파탐의 경우 시리얼 등 대상품목 총 9종 239품목 중 껌 7품목에서 233.6 mg/kg, 캔디류 6품목에서 3308.0 mg/kg, 주류 4품목에서 41.6 mg/kg, 탄산음료 1품목에서 166.9 mg/kg, 아이스크림 1품목에서 229.2 mg/kg, 발효유 3품목에서 61.3 mg/kg이 검출되었으며 일일추정섭취량은 $0.002{\sim}0.843\;mg/person/day$의 범위이었다. 삭카린나트륨은 쥬스 등 대상품목 총 4종 115품목 중 어묵 4품목에서 41.8 mg/kg, 명란젓 1품목에서 8.3mg/kg, 오징어젓 1품목에서 15.4 mg/kg 검출되었으며 일일추정섭취량은 $0.003{\sim}0.251\;mg/person/day$의 범위로 산출되었다. 아스파탐 및 삭카린나트륨의 각각의 일일추정섭취량인 2.336mg, 0.259mg은 FAO/WHO에서 평가된 일일허용섭취량과 비교하였을 때 매우 낮은 수치이며 산화방지제(BHT) 역시 일일추정섭취량이 0.002 mg로서 FAO/WHO에서 평가된 일일허용섭취량과 비교하였을 때 매우 낮은 수치이다. 아스파탐과 삭카린나트륨의 일일추정섭취량/일일허용섭취량은 각각 0.106%, 0.094%이였으며, BHT는 0.030%로서 모두 1%미만으로 대상식품을 통한 섭취는 안전하다고 평가되며, 최대사용허용량이 설정되어 있는 삭카린나트륨과 BHT의 경우 일일허용섭취량과 이론적 최대일일섭취량을 비교시에도 각각 11.460%, 0.060%의 낮은 수준으로 나타났다.