• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.84-87
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• 2009

This paper describes a novel method for fabricating large area metallic stamp with high aspect ratio micro intaglio features. Micro machined brass master with pillar and larger width groove patterns were electroformed to form inverse structures on the large area metallic stamp. This enabled large area metallic stamp with fine micro high aspect ratio micro intaglio features which were small width groove patterns and quadrilateral hole patterns that cannot be fabricated by direct micro machining process. Fabricated large area metallic stamp with high aspect ratio micro intaglio features was measured and analyzed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This in-vitro analysis aimed to compare the intaglio trueness, the antagonist's wear volume loss, and fracture load of various single-unit zirconia prostheses fabricated by different manufacturing techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia crowns were prepared into four different groups (n = 14 per group) according to the manufacturing techniques and generations of the materials. The intaglio surface trueness (root-mean-square estimates, RMS) of the crown was measured at the marginal, axial, occlusal, and inner surface areas. Half of the specimens were artificially aged in the chewing simulator with 120,000 cycles, and the antagonist's volume loss after aging was calculated. The fracture load for each crown group was measured before and after hydrothermal aging. The intaglio trueness was evaluated with Welch's ANOVA and the antagonist's volume loss was assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis tests. The effects of manufacturing and aging on the fracture resistance of the tested zirconia crowns were determined by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS. The trueness analysis of the crown intaglio surfaces showed surface deviation (RMS) within 50 ㎛, regardless of the manufacturing methods (P = .053). After simulated mastication, no significant differences in the volume loss of the antagonists were observed among the zirconia groups (P = .946). The manufacturing methods and simulated chewing had statistically significant effects on the fracture resistance (P < .001). CONCLUSION. The intaglio surface trueness, fracture resistance, and antagonist's wear volume of the additively manufactured 3Y-TZP crown were clinically acceptable, as compared with those of the 4Y- or 5Y-PSZ crowns produced by subtractive milling.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This analysis aimed to evaluate the intaglio surface trueness, antagonist's wear volume loss, and fracture resistance of full-contour crowns of (Y, Nb)-stabilized fully-sintered zirconia (FSZ), 4 mol% or 5 mol% yttria-stabilized partially sintered zirconia (4YZ or 5YZ) with high-speed sintering. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 42 zirconia crowns were separated into three groups: FSZ, 4YZ, and 5YZ (n = 14). The intaglio surface trueness of the crowns was evaluated at the inner surface, occlusal, margin, and axial areas and reported as root-mean-square, positive and negative average deviation. Half of the specimens were aged for 120,000 cycles in the chewing simulator, and the wear volume loss of antagonist was measured. Before and after chewing, the fracture load was measured for each group. The trueness values were analyzed with Welch's ANOVA, and the wear volume loss with the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Effect of the zirconia type and aging on fracture resistance of crowns was tested using two-way ANOVA. RESULTS. The intaglio surface trueness measured at four different areas of the crown was less than 50 ㎛, regardless of the type of zirconia. No significant P in wear volume loss of antagonists were detected among the groups (P > .05). Both the type of zirconia and aging showed statistically significant effects on fracture resistance (P < .05). CONCLUSION. The full-contour crowns of FSZ as well as 4YZ or 5YZ with high-speed sintering were clinically acceptable, in terms of intaglio surface trueness, antagonist's wear volume loss, and fracture resistance after simulated mastication.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

빠르게 성장하고 있는 현대 사회에서 생산 공정에 비전 시스템을 활용하여 자동화 하고자 하는 수요가 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 일반적으로 영상 인식은 주로 자동차 번호판과 같은 양각 문자에 대한 연구가 대부분으로, 음각 문자 인식에 대한 연구가 매우 미미한 상황이다. 특히 타이어 표면과 같은 고무 관련 제품에 마킹 되어 있는 음각 문자들은 주변과의 명도 차이가 크지 않기에 문자나 숫자를 영상을 통하여 인식하기에 매우 어려움을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 타이어 표면과 같은 고무 제품에 음각으로 마킹 되어 있는 문자의 인식률을 향상시키기 위한 시스템을 제안한 것으로, 조명의 환경에 따라 유연하게 적용할 수 있다. 제안 시스템을 통하여 타이어 및 고무 제품들의 생산 공정에 적용하면 생산 및 재고 관리와 불량 검출을 신속하게 처리할 수 있어 생산 효율성이 향상될 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2021

PURPOSE. This study aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) of interim crowns fabricated using DLP (digital light processing) according to post-curing time. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A virtual stone study die of the upper right first molar was created using a dental laboratory scanner. After designing interim crowns on the virtual study die and saving them as Standard Triangulated Language files, 30 interim crowns were fabricated using a DLP-type 3D printer. Additively manufactured interim crowns were post-cured using three different time conditions-10-minute post-curing interim crown (10-MPCI), 20-minute post-curing interim crown (20-MPCI), and 30-minute post-curing interim crown (30-MPCI) (n = 10 per group). The scan data of the external and intaglio surfaces were overlapped with reference crown data, and trueness was measured using the best-fit alignment method. In the external and intaglio surface groups (n = 45 per group), precision was measured using a combination formula exclusive to scan data (10C2). Significant differences in accuracy (trueness and precision) data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and post hoc analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS. In the 10-MPCI, 20-MPCI, and 30-MPCI groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy of the external and intaglio surfaces (P<.05). On the external and intaglio surfaces, the root mean square (RMS) values of trueness and precision were the lowest in the 10-MPCI group. CONCLUSION. Interim crowns with 10-minute post-curing showed high accuracy.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2003

We have reviewed the method for surface tension of printing inks. Most of the methods fir for the low viscosity inks and solvents for inks. However, the inks for the offset lithography and intaglio should have high viscosity and high tack. The elongation of the ink filaments has more effect on the measuring surface tension than the energy of the surface molecules. In this paper, we propose the elongation method to estimate the surface tension of high viscosity printing inks. Even though we could measure the surface tension for low viscosity inks such as gravure and screen, elongation method could more useful to estimate the surface tension of lithography and intaglio inks than any other methods.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.709-714
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• 2014

리버스 옵셋 인쇄는 인쇄전자를 위한 미세 패터닝기술 중 하나로서 수 ${\mu}m$ 이하의 선폭을 구현할 수 있다. 옵셋 인쇄의 특성상 잉크는 PDMS 재질의 블랑켓에 전사된 후 음각으로 패턴된 클리쉐에 접촉하여 불필요한 패턴을 제거하게 되는데, 이 때 블랑켓은 압력에 의하여 음각 패턴 내부로 침투하는 변형이 발생한다. 이러한 변형은 인쇄 압력에 비례하며, 과도한 인쇄 압력은 넓은 면적의 패턴을 인쇄할 때 클리쉐 패턴의 바닥에 블랑켓이 닿는 불량을 일으키게 된다. 이 논문에서는 리버스 옵셋 인쇄에서 가압변위에 따른 PDMS 블랑켓의 변형을 유한요소기법을 이용하여 모델링하고 접촉압력 대비 변형량을 예측함으로써 실제 인쇄 장비의 실험 결과와 비교하여 인쇄결함이 발생하지 않도록 하는 클리쉐의 제작조건을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2021

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the effect of rinsing time on the accuracy of interim crowns fabricated by digital light processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary right first molar master die was duplicated using a silicone material, while a study die was produced using epoxy resin. Scans of the epoxy resin die were used in combination with CAD software to design a maxillary right first molar interim crown. Based on this design, 24 interim crowns were fabricated with digital light processing. This study examined the trueness and precision of products that were processed with one of the three different postprocessing rinsing times (1 min, 5 min, and 10 min). Trueness was measured by superimposing reference data with scanned data from external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces. Precision was measured by superimposing the scan data within the group. The trueness and precision data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, nonparametric, and post-hoc tests, and were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (α=.05). RESULTS. The trueness of the external and intaglio surfaces of crowns varied significantly among the different rinsing times (P=.004, P=.003), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of trueness measurements of the marginal surfaces (P=.605). In terms of precision, statistically significant differences were found among the external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces (P=.001). CONCLUSION. Interim crowns rinsed for 10 minutes showed high accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Purpose: The technique introduced in this study describes a technique for surface treatment that applies a photocuring resin to the surface of an interim crown fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing without a conventional polishing method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal and internal fit and the intaglio surface trueness of interim crowns after surface treatment of 3D-printed crowns for clinical application. Materials and Methods: An interim crown was fabricated using a 3D printer with digital light-processing technology, and the surface support was removed. After the posttreatment process, the resin was thinly applied to the surface of the interim crown and polymerized to solve the esthetic problem of the surface without the conventional polishing process. In addition, the marginal and internal fits were measured to verify the clinical use of this technique, and the trueness was evaluated to confirm the deformation of the inner surface according to the technical application of the outer surface of the interim crown. The difference before and after the evaluation by a statistical method was verified using an independent t-test (α=0.05). Result: There was no significant difference in the marginal and internal fit before and after the application of this technique (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in intaglio surface trueness before and after the application of this technique (P=0.963). Conclusion: There was no change in the marginal and internal fit or in intaglio surface trueness of the interim crowns to which this technology was applied. This surface treatment technique is a more convenient method for interim crowns fabricated using 3D-printing technology without the conventional polishing process.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This in vitro study investigates the effect of different post-rinsing times and methods on the trueness and precision of denture base resin manufactured through stereolithography. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety clear photopolymer resin specimens were fabricated and divided into nine groups (n = 10) based on rinsing times and methods. All specimens were rinsed with 99% isopropanol alcohol for 5, 10, and 15 min using three methods-automated, ultrasonic cleaning, and hand washing. The specimens were polymerized for 30 min at 40℃. For trueness, the scanned intaglio surface of each SLA denture base was superimposed on the original standard tessellation language (STL) file using best-fit alignment (n = 10). For precision, the scanned intaglio surface of the STL file in each specimen group was superimposed across each specimen (n = 45). The root mean square error (RMSE) was measured, and the data were analyzed statistically through one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α < .05). RESULTS. The 10-min automated group exhibited the lowest RMSE. For trueness, this was significantly different from specimens in the 5-min hand-washed group (P < .05). For precision, this was significantly different from those of other groups (P < .05), except for the 15-min automated and 15-min ultrasonic groups. The color map results indicated that the 10-min automated method exhibited the most uniform distribution of the intaglio surface adaptation. CONCLUSION. The optimal postprocessing rinsing times and methods for achieving clear photopolymer resin were found to be the automated method with rinsing times of 10 and 15 min, and the ultrasonic method with a rinsing time of 15 min.