• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.193-217
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• 2005

Due to the increasing concerns with the North Korean defectors, the researches have been increased. When it is compared with other areas, the researches about the North Korean defectors are rare. The sample size of this study is 164, which makes it possible to do statistical inferences. As statistical methods, t-test, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regressions are used. This study examines the effect of the adjustment stress and the social support on the depressive symptoms. Demographic factors such as gender, age and education are controlled. The context factors-the period of the stay in the third place, the period of residence and the existence of the education in Korea- are used as control variables. The research results show that the level of social participation of the women is higher than that of men. Also, there are differences of the functional social support by the age group. The research result indicates the education of South Korea is an important factor to reduce the depressive symptoms. The research result also shows that the jobless is an important stressor. Among structural social support, the member of religious or social group is an important factor for reducing depressive symptoms. Among functional social support, the emotional social support is an important factor of adaptation, but the effect of instrumental social support is the opposite. Therefore, the adequacy of social support in a specific situation must be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2020

This study investigated how the awareness about marriage, the value of children, and the motivation for childrearing influences childbirth will in nursing students. The data was collected from May 1 to May 30, 2019, and 248 data samples were finally used for analysis. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS /WIN 22.0 program. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis were all calculated. The average of awareness about marriage was 3.39±.38, the average of the value of children was 2.72±0.39, the average motivation of childrearing was 2.73±0.78 and the average of childbirth will was 3.12±0.48. The childbirth will according to the general characteristics, was significantly different according to age (F=6.002, p=.003). Among the awareness about marriage, conservative view on marriage(r=.207, p=.001), active view on marriage(r=.226, p<.001), instrumental view on marriage(r=.181, p=.004), and motivation of childrearing(r=.283, p<.001) showed positive correlation ed with childbirth will. Childbirth will was negatively correlated with passive view on marriage (r=-.292, p<.001), and the value of children (r=-.226, p<.001). The factors affecting childbirth will of the study subjects were age(β=.155, p=.007), passive view on marriage(β=-.383, p<.001), motivation of childrearing (β=.315, p<.001), and the explanatory power was 23.6%. According to this study, it is necessary to confirm the effects of developing an intervention program and applying this program to improve the decisions of nursing students concerning marriage and having children.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 2008

The effect of small and medium scale shipyard operations on environmental pollutions related with civil appeal of nearby residential areas was estimated. PM-10(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 $\mu$m) concentrations were higher, as the sampling sites were nearer from shipyards. PM-10 concentrations of sampling sites closer to shipbuilding companies were higher during the normal operation periods than on vacation at which only small works were done. The larger amount of dry deposition was observed as the sampling sites were closer to shipyards. The odor intensity was highly influenced by ambient temperature. Almost all odor intensities measured by air dilution sensory test went over the emission standard in summer. Odor properties measured by instrumental analysis were observed to exceed the emission standard enforced to the shipyards. Odor compounds such as ammonia, sulfur compounds and trimethylamine went over the standard. Concentrations of styrene and aldehydes were lower than the olfactory threshold. All equivalent sound levels measured at daytime except the value of SP-3 pont were in excess of the environmental standard. Almost all sound levels at nighttime in all measuring sites were higher than the environmental standard. The results of this study shows counterplans need to be established for reducing the civil appeal related pollutions in the research areas.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1077-1084
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• 1998

The optimum conditions fer the measurement of texture profile of imitation crab-leg products were investigated by different conditions using Texture Analyser and the date were compared to those of sensory evaluations. The textural characteristics of surimi gels were compared with those of imitation crab-leg products. The TPA values of 5 different kinds of commercial imitation crab-leg product and 2 kinds of surimi gel products purchased in a market in Seoul were measured. In surimi gels, instrumental hardness and cohesiveness were higher than those of imitation crab-leg products, especially chewiness and gumminess were significantly higher than those of imitation crab-leg products. In imitation crab-leg products, hardness and cohesiveness increased and springiness decreased as the probe diameter increased from 12.5 mm to 24.6 mm. In the different compression ratio (60, 70, 80%), hardness increased and cohesiveness and springiness decreased as the compression ratio increased. The chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness and hardness increased slightly as the cross-head speed increased from 0.8 to 2.4 mm/sec. Significant correlations between mechanical and sensory values were observed in gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness and hardness. The optimum conditions for the TPA measurement of imitation crab-leg products were a cross-head speed of 2.4 mm/sec and 60% compression ratio with a flat probe having twice of the sample diameter (24.6 mm).

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.496-504
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, obesity index and psychosocial factors influencing obesity among 200 high school girls in Seoul. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the Conceptual basis for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors related to obesity, including self-efficacy for controlling overeating, social support for eating behavior, perception of body image and weight control, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward obesity. The data were analyzed using t-test and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the girls was 16.4 years, and the rate of overweight and obesity(measured by obesity index) was 27.0$\%$. 2) The mean energy intake of subjects was 1832.3$\pm$384.0kcal. The energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats was 62.7$\%$, 13.8$\%$, and 23.5$\%$, respectively. There was no significant difference between the obese and the comparison group in energy intake. 3) The result of multivariate analysis indicated that obesity had a significant relation to the perception of ideal body image, social support for eating behavior, and self-efficacy for controlling overeating(p〈0.01). As subjects preferred thinner body images(OR=0.39) and received less social support(OR=0.93), the odds of being classified as obese increased. The odds of being obese were also associated with self-efficacy, however, the relation was not strong(OR=1.04). 4) Specific social support was related to obesity among adolescent girls. As subjects received more support from family member, the odds of being obese decreased. The emotional support as well as family member's positive nutrition behavior plays a significant role. In addition, instrumental support from friends was associated with obesity. With repect to self-efficacy, the odds of being obese were increased as subjects felt less confident in controlling overeating when tempting food was placed in front of them or after an argument. In contrast, the obese group felt more confident in controlling overeating for the rest of the specific situations examined. These findings suggest that educational interventions for weight control should incorporate strategies to help participants realize their degree of obesity, to reduce the discrepancy between current and ideal body image, to elicit and maintain social support from friends and family, and to increase the self-efficacy for changing eating behaviors. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 496-504, 1997)

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest indicators and proper standards to forecast the sensory quality of 'Hongisul' grape. Further, this study determines the optimum fruit load of 'Hongisul' grape reflecting consumer preference. Among several quality attributes, identified through instrumental and sensory evaluation, soluble solid-acid ratio was the most useful indicator of consumer preference for 'Hongisul' grapes. The ideal soluble solid-acid ratio for marketable grapes was found to be higher than 86.3. Analysis on the effects of fruit load control on fruit quality revealed a negative correlation where the latter increased as the former decreased. This trend is common for all grape species. The field with a fruit load of $1,400kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ exhibited a soluble solid-acid ratio of less than 86.3, uneven coloring and slow softening texture at the mature stage. However, fruit quality proved excellent in the field with a fruit load of $1,200kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ or less. It is therefore proposed that fruit load should be controlled to $1,200kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ or less when growing 'Hongisul' grapes to produce high quality grapes. We believe that this result can be used as a standard in judging harvest time and evaluating fruit quality.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.709-729
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• 1996

This study was done to analyze the trends of research on coping in Korea, to suggest future direction, for research on coping, and ultimately to contribute to an increase in explanation of adaptation. This article reviewed 79 nursing research papers on coping done since 1978 by examining them according to the period of publication or presentation, research design, type of subjects, measurement instruments, research for a degree or not, range of reliability, and association of coping and related variables. The results are as follows : The number of studies on coping increased rapidly from the mid-1980's and decreased slowly from the mid-1990's. The maority of the studies were surveys, comparative studies, or correlational studies. The subects of the 46 studies were healthy people, while those in the remaining studies were patients with a variety of illnesses. Thirth-eight studies on coping were done for master's thesis, three for dissertion, and 38 were not degrees. The Bell and Jalowiec coping scales have not been used since the early 1990's. In contrast, Lazarus and Folkman's W.C.C.L. has been used increasingly since that time. The reliabilities of the coping scale were reported in 37 cases and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .71 to .86. All subjects reported using more problem-oriented coping than emotion-oriented coping in short-term or emotion-oriented coping and healthy groups did more long-term coping. It was difficult to describe consistently the relationship between stress and coping according to the type of coping scale or research subjects, but generally moderate relationships were found. This was due to instrumental problems and no consideration of situational context. The subject group who used more short-term coping and less long-term coping reported poorer mental status, and higher scores in burnout and state anxiey than others. That is, the relationship between stress and adaptation increased the power of explanation with intervening the mediating effect of coping. The association of locus of control, mastery, social support, and self-concept with coping showed positive relationships : those of uncertainty and severity in illness with coping showed negativerelationships ; those of state anxiety and depression with short-term coping were positive, and those of self-esteem with long-term coping or problem-oriented coping were negative. There were significant differences in the scores of types of coping according to religion, level of education, and socio-economic status. That is, Presbyterians and Catholics, those with higher education levels and higher socio-economic status used more long-term or problem-oriented coping. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made : 1. There is a need to test the mediating effect of coping variable in order to clarify the concept. 2. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the patterns of change in coping strategies when stressful events are encountered. 3. It's necessary to develop a reliable and variable measurement tool for coping. 4. There is a need to identify subscales of coping to increase explanation of variance 5. It's necessary to consider personal, situational, and antecedent variables : the characteristics of subject populations, the natures of illness and treatment situations. 6. The power of explanation of studies designed to identify the stress-adaptation process should be increased using the combination model of process-oriented coping and cognitive-structural model.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.148-158
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• 1998

This study was designed to identify degrees of self-esteem instrumental activities of daily living and life satisfaction in the elderly and to investigate the relationship between these factors thus contributing to effective nursing interventions to promote quality of life for both noninstitutionalized and institutionalized elderly. The subjects for this study included 130 noninstitutionalized and institutionalized elderly. The data were collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire, the time being from August 25 to September 7, 1997. The measurement tools were the Self-esteem Scale Developed by Rosenberg and translated by Jon, Byong Je (1974). the IADL scale develped by Lawton & Brody(1968). and the Life Satisfaction developed by Youn. Jin(1982).The data were analyzed by the S.P. S.S computer progam and included descriptive stasistics, t-test, One way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The conclusions of this study are summerized as follows ; 1. There was a significant difference in Self-Esteem(t=7.05, P=.000). IADL(t=4.36, P=.000). and Life Satisfaction(t=6.63, P=.000) between the noninstitutionalized elderly and the institutionalized elderly. 2. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and IADL(${\gamma}$=.4028). self-esteem and life satisfaction(${\gamma}$=.6415). and IADL and life satisfaction(${\gamma}$=.3884) in the noninstitutionalized elderly(P<.001). and between self-esteem and life satisfaction(${\gamma}$=.3883, P<.001). IADL and life satisfation(${\gamma}$=.2501, P<.05) in the institutionalized elderly. 3. According to the general characteristics of the noninstitutionalized and institutionalized elderly : Self-Esteem of the noninstitutionalized elderly was significantly different. according to educational level(F=4.491, P=.031). job(F=2.53, P=.044). living expense load(F=2.861. P=.044). and self-esteem, and of the institutionalized elderly, it was significantly different according to educational level only (F=4.480, P=.006). IADL of the noninstitutionalized elderly was significantly different according to age(F=3.018, P=.021). living expense load(F=3.034. P=.033). pocket money(F=3.606. P=.010). and for the institutionalized elderly, it was significantly different according to age(F=2.899, P=.042), and religion(F=2.847, P=.044). Life Satisfaction of the noninstitutionaized elderly( F=2.718, P=.037) and instiutionalized elderly(F=3.165, P=.030) was significantly different according to pocket money.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation among the elderly living alone received the elderly care service in a rural area. Methods: This study was surveyed 206 the elderly living alone who received the elderly care service in G-gun, Jeollanamdo. The collected data were socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, family support and suicidal ideation. The used methods for statistical analysis were used t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlational analysis and the multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: In univariate analysis, the suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone was statistically significant associated with age, monthly income, sufficiency of sleeping, depression, stress, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, perceived health status and family support. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the associated factors with suicidal ideation were age, depression, stress and the activities of daily living. Conclusions: The suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone in the rural area was associated with age, mental health and independency of living. It will be needed the multidisciplinary approaches to prevent the suicidal ideation and attempts of the elderly living alone.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.555-566
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• 1987

Fifty ancient Korean coins originated in Yi Dynasty have been determined for 9 elements such as Sn, Fe, As, Ag, Co, Sb, Ir, Ru and Ni by instrumental neutron activation analysis and for 3 elements such as Cu, Pb, and Zn by atomic absorption spectrometry. Bronze coins originated in early days of the dynasty contain as major constituents Cu, Pb and Sn approximately in the ratio 90 : 4 : 3, whereas, those in latter days contain in ratio 7 : 2 : 0. Brass coins which had begun in 17 century contain as major constituents Cu, Zn and Pb approximately in the ratio 7 : 1 : 1. The multivariate data have been analyzed for the relation among elemental contents through the variance-covariance matrix. The data have been further analyzed by a principal component mapping method. As the results training set of 8 class have been chosen, based on the spread of sample points in an eigen vector plot and archaeological data such as age and the office of minting. The training set and test set of samples have finally been analyzed for the assignment to certain classes or outliers through the statistical isolinear multiple component analysis (SIMCA).