• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1545-1547
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• 2009

The fiber-rich fractions including enzyme treated insoluble dietary fiber, alcohol insoluble solid, and water insoluble solid were prepared from the peel of soft ripe persimmon, and to evaluate and compare the yields, proximate compositions, monosaccharide profiles, and functional properties. The results showed that uronic acid was the main sugar followed by glucose, which indicated that all insoluble fibers were mainly composed of pectic substances and cellulose. The presence of xylose and fucose indicated the occurrence of hemicellulose. All fiber-rich fractions were exhibited high yield and functional properties. Thus, the peel of ripe persimmon could be used as fiber supplements.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

This study investigated the production of insoluble dietary fiber using forest waste and the dietary effect of manufactured insoluble fiber on physiological function in rat fed high cholesterol duets. Insoluble dietary fiber was prepared from the wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica). The best condition for steam-explosion treatment for the preparation of insonuble dietary fiber was 25 kg/cm$^3$pressure for 6 minutes. In the chemical analysis of insoluble dietary fiber pretreated by 1% sodium hydroxide solution with steam-exploded wood, $\alpha$-cellulose content was 61.7% in the insoluble dietary fiber which contained 7.6% residual lignin. In order to compare insoluble dietary fiber with commercial $\alpha$-cellulose of physiological function, Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal diet and five high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol diet groups were classified as fiber free diet (FF group), 5% commercial $\alpha$-cellulose diet (5C group), 10% commercial $\alpha$-cellulose (l0C group), 5% insoluble dietary fiber dict (5M group), and 10% insoluble dietary fiber (10M group). The rats were fed ad libidum for 4 weeks. Food intake, weights gain, and food efficiency ratio in high cholesterol groups were higher than those of normal group, but there were no significant differences between the experimental groups. There were not any significant differences in the weights of livers, kidneys and small intestine of insoluble dietary fiber supplemented groups, but weight of cecum in all insolube dietary fiber group were significantly higher than those of FF group. A gstrointestinal transit time was decreased by supplementation of insoluble dietary fiber. Weight and water contents of feces in the insoluble dietary fiber supplemented groups were significantly higher than those of the FF group. There were not any significant differences in the activities of the glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) between the experimental groups. In conclusion, the manufactured insoluble dietary fiber and commercial insoluble fiber have the same physiological effects. The preparation method of the insoluble dietary fiber from the oak chips suited its purpose.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

Most carbohydrates exist in nature in an insoluble state, which reduces their susceptibility towards various carbohydrases. Accordingly, they require intensive pretreatment for structural modification to enhance an enzyme reaction. The direct conversion of insoluble carbohydrates has distinct advantages for special types of reaction, especially exo-type carbohydrase; however, its application is limited due to structural constraints. This paper introduces two novel heterogeneous enzyme reaction systems for direct conversion of insoluble carbohydrates; one is an attrition coupled enzyme reaction system containing attrition-milling media for enhancing the enzyme reaction, and the other is a heterogeneous enzyme reaction system using extruded starch as an insoluble substrate. The direct conversion of typically insoluble carbohydrates, including cellulose, starch, and chitin with their corresponding carbohydrases, including cellulase, amylase, chitinase, and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, was carried out using two proposed enzyme reaction systems. The conceptual features of the systems, their reaction characteristics and mechanism, and the industrial applications of the various carbohydrates are analyzed in this review.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-111
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• 1998

Chemical composition of the insoluble residue in a simulated spent PWR fuel(SIMRJEL) were studied. SIMFUELS were prepared by adding calculated amount of FP(fission product) elements with a burnup of 3.6% FIMA(fission per initial metal atom) to uranium in nitrate solution, evaporating the mixed solution to dryness, calcining at 90$0^{\circ}C$ in a stream of 4% H$_2$ + 96% He, and heating the pellet at 140$0^{\circ}C$ under high and low oxygen potentials. Insoluble residue was obtained from the dissolution of the SIMFUEL with HNO$_3$(1 : 1). The chemical composition of the SIMFUELs and the insoluble residues was determined by EPMA(electron probe microanalysis), XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and by XRD (X-ray diffraction) measurements. All of the insoluble residues suspended and precipitated were composed mainly of Mo, Ru with a small amount of Zr, Rh, Pd and Cd. The amount of insoluble residue(<1 wt.%) and a Mo/Ru ratio decreased with increasing oxygen potential. Formation of the zirconium molybdate precipitate, ZrMo$_2$O$_{7}$(OH)$_2$($H_2O$)$_2$, was observed in the residues. The possible role of Mo on the phase formation was discussed in regard to oxygen potential.l.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

Russia 연안에서 채취한 홍조류인 Tichocarpus crinitus로부터 열수 추출한 KC1-insoluble carrageenan의 수율은 17.1%, KC1-soluble carrageenan의 수율은 3.52%였다. KC1-insoluble carrageenan의 경우 total sulfate 18.06%, protein 5.61%, K+ 3.51%, Na+0.49%, Ca2+ 1.66%, galactose 54.26%, xylose 4.68%, glucose, mannose가 소량(0.1%미만) 검출되었다. FT-IR spectroscopy 측정 결과 KC1-insoluble carrageenan은 $ extsc{k}$-carrageenan으로, KC1-soluble carrageenan은 λ-carrageenan이 주를 이루는 λ,$ au$ 혼합형 carrageenan으로 나타났다. KC1-insoluble carrageenan과 KC1-soluble carrageenan 수용액의 점도는 열 안정성 측정 결과 두 가지 획분 모두 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 정도까지도 안정한 것으로 나타났다. KC1-insoluble carrageenan의 경우는 K+ 첨가에 의하여 두 배 정도까지의 점도 증가를 나타내었으나 Ca2+ 첨가에 의한 경우와 KC1-soluble carrageenan에 대하여 K+ 및 Ca2+을 첨가한 경우 모두 점도에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 산, 알칼리에 대한 안정성을 조사한 결과 두 가지 시료 모두 알칼리 존재에서는 안정하나 산의 존재에서는 급격한 안정성의 저하를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 Tichocarpus crinitus로부터 열수 추출한 $textsc{k}$-carrageenan으로 판단되는 KC1-insoluble carrageenan은 KC1-soluble carrageenan과 함께 식품첨가물로 이용시 겔화제보다는 점도 증진제로의 이용이 기대된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2000

치태의 형성은 이온, 효소, 영양물질, 화학물질 등과 같은 구강내 존재하는 다양한 물질들과 이들의 변화에 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 치태형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 구강내 연쇄상구균인 Streptococcus sobrinus를 공시균으로, 비수용성 글루캔의 합성과 세균 증식 에 미치는 여러 인자들의 영향을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Streptococcus sobrinus 배양 배지의 pH가 7.0일 때 비수용성 글루캔이 가장 많이 합성 되었고, pH 5.5와 pH 8.5에서는 그 합성이 감소하였다. 세균 증식도 pH 7.0에서 가장 활발하였다. 2. 효모 추출물은 2.5%일 때 비수용성 글루캔의 합성과 세균증식이 모두 활발하였다. 자당의 경우 농도가 증가할수록 비수용성 글루캔의 합성은 감소하여 1.25%보다 20%에서 합성이 10배 정도 감소하였으나, 세균의 증식은 20배 정도 증가하였다. 3. 배지의 calcium chloride 농도가 1.0mM, potassium chloride 농도가 40mM, magnesium chloride 농도가 0.1mM 이었을때 비수용성 글루캔의 합성이 가장 활발했으나, 세균의 증식에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. Sodium bicarbonate 10mM에서 비수용성 글루캔 합성과 세균의 증식 이 모두 활발하였으며 100mM 이상에서는 모두 억제되었다. Tris 10mM에서 비수용성 글루캔 합성과 세균의 증식이 모두 억제되었으며 100mM 이상에서는 모두 증가되었다. 5. Sodium phosphate와 potassium phosphate는 10mM 이상에서 비수용성 글루캔 합성과 세균증식이 모두 억제되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 1994

The dietary fiber contents of soybean sprout and spinach were changed by heat treatment. Before heat treatment, soybean sprout and spinach had larger amount of insoluble dietary fiber than soluble, and similar proportions of insoluble v/s soluble dietary fibers. After heat treatment, the value of insoluble dietary fiber of soybean sprout and spinach was increased significantly, except for microwave heating short time treatment. It is believed that the increment of insoluble dietary fiber is due to Maillard reaction products and resistant starch after heat treatment. The change of soluble dietary fiber contents of soybean sprout and spinach were not consistent in heat treatment. It is supposed that some soluble dietary fiber was destroyed by heat treatment, and some insoluble dietary fiber was hydrolysed or destroyed to be soluble. Total dietary fiber of soybean sprout and spinach was significantly incereased by all heat treatment, except for microwave heating short time of spinach.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1993

Seventeen strains were isolated from soil, cattle rumen, cereal sewage dregs, insect on agar plate containing insoluble glucan as a sole carbon source from immobilized Streptococcus mutans, which produced alpha-1,3 glucanase for lysis of dental plaque. Among these strains isolated from soil, SW-522 and SW-713 that had appeared to produce the high level of alpha-1,3 glucanase, degraded insoluble glucan from S. mutans 97.6% and 49.4%, respectively in 5 hours. The activity of crude alpha-1,3 glucanase from SW-522 was 1.3mg insoluble glucan/min.mg protein. This enzyme was entirely degraded insoluble glucan on glass tube which produced by S. mutans in TH medium with 5% sucrose.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.333-336
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• 1999

The polyaniline films with various insoluble parts are fabricated. The oxidation state (1-y) of these polyaniline is 0.53 and 0.54, respectively. To control the interchain and intrachain interaction of the polymer, the polyaniline films are stretched with appropriate ratio. The insoluble part of polyaniline synthesized at room temperature (low molecular weight) is 12%-76% and that of polyaniline synthesized at 0 'IC (intermediate molecular weight) is 65%-89%. The low molecular weight polyaniline films with various drawing ratios have amorphous structure. In the intermediate weight polyaniline films, the crystallinity of films increases with drawing ratio as well as insoluble part. The difference of the insoluble part affects electrical conductivity which is increased dramatically with draw ratio. In particular, the higher insoluble part caused greater increase in electrical conductivity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to estimate the contents of dietary insoluble and soluble fiber in school meal. Samples of the school meals were collected from May to June in 2008. Three elementary schools and three middle schools around Masan area were selected for analysis. Dietary soluble and insoluble fibers in the school meals were analyzed directly by the AOAC method. From the initial experiment phase, we used cellulose and pectin as a standard of dietary fiber, and average recovery rate of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber was calculated. The recovery rate was observed, the cellulose $109.7{\pm}11.7%$ (range 90~150%) and pectin $77.8{\pm}10.8%$ (range 64.7~96.7%), respectively. The amounts of insoluble fiber and soluble fiber were analyzed in the total of 66 dishes, which included 7 kinds of cooked rice (bab) made with some cereal products and vegetables, 19 kinds of soup (guk) made with meats or vegetables, 11 kinds of kimchi, 21 kinds of entr$\acute{e}$es or side dishes, and 8 special dishes. Conclusively the school meal, per serving size, would provide above 75% KDRI of total dietary fibers through mainly soups and special menu, with the exception to fruits. In addition, it might be expected that children could consume more soluble fiber from the meals with the special dishes than from the regular ones.