• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of 2D(2 dimensional form) & 3D(3 dimensional form; a customized arch-fit for posture correction) insoles for assessing their biomechanical functionality. Background : Recently there has been increased interest in both foot health and foot pain patients. Analysis of the plantar pressure was often used to solve the problems of the foot displayed by such people as rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method : Subjects who participated in this study were 17 female university students who had no previous injury experience in lower limbs and a normal gait pattern. The shoe size of all subjects was 240 mm. Two models of insoles of 2D(typical flat insole - 2 dimensional form) and 3D(special production - 3 dimensional form) were selected for the test. Using the Pedar-X system and Pedar-X insoles, 4.0 km/h of walking speed, and a compilation of 50 steps walking stages were used to analyze foot-pressure distribution. Results : Results of the foot-pressure distribution and biomechanical functionality on each insole were as follows; analyses of mean plantar pressure, maximum plantar pressure, maximum vertical GRF, and plantar pressure curve shape all showed overall low plantar pressure and GRF. Conclusion : This can be evaluated as an excellent insole for low levels on the plantar pressure and GRF. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that according to this analysis the 3D Customized Arch-fit Insole was better than 2D insole on the basis of these criteria.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the angle of a wedged insole on knee varus torque during walking. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited. Knee varus torque was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis (Elite). Knee varus torque was normalized to gait cycle (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral initial contact) and stance phase (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral toe off). The average peaks of knee varus torque during the stance phase of the gait cycle according to the different insole angles (10 or 15 degrees) were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that in the early stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for both the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions and decreased significantly for both the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences between the 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions with either the medial or lateral wedged insole (p>.05). In the late stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions (p<.05), but not for the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p>.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and lateral compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity. Further studies of the effects of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of insole height change in the lumbosacral angle and physical functions in healthy males. Background: In order to release male's dissatisfaction with his height and to increase satisfaction with his body, using insole is generalized. There have been researches on female's body change in accordance with function of insole and heel height, whereas there are few researches on males. Method: Participants were divided into three groups. A control group had 10 participants who wore 0cm insole. Experimental group I had 10 participants who wore 2cm insole. Experimental group II had 10 participants who wore 4cm insole. All participants wore insoles during their daily lives for a trial period of 8 weeks. The results were evaluated before and after comparison, and we measured lumbosacral angle, balance (dynamic balance, agility, quickness) and lumbar pain (LBP). Results: This study showed that insole height affected lumbosacral angle and dynamic balance and pain. In particular, there were significant differences in the 4cm group among the three groups (p<.05). The 2cm group did show a significant difference in lumbosacral angle and pain (p<.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed within the control group. Conclusion: The 4cm insole height suggests that the increase of lumbosacral angle contributes to some changes in LBP, balance, pain and physical functions, probably leading to negative effects on variety of activities of daily life. Application: The results of wearing insoles with proper height will help to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot strengthening exercise program and functional insoles on joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Thirteen elderly women who were enrolled in a university senior citizens academy of a metropolitan city in 2017 were divided into two groups: exercise group with functional insole (n=7) and exercise group without functional insole (n=6). Method: Three-dimensional motion analysis and Pedar-X were performed to compute the joint angle and the foot plantar pressure, respectively. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to compare dependent variables within and between groups. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: The range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, knee, and hip joints in the exercise group with functional insole increased significantly more than the exercise group without functional insole. In both the experimental group and the comparison group, the maximum foot plantar pressure and the mean foot plantar pressure were decreased, but the comparison group without functional insole showed more decrease. Since the experimental group demonstrated greater pressure than the comparison group in the contact area (forefoot, midfoot), it was distributed over a greater area. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that participation in foot strengthening exercises and using a functional insole has more positive effects than foot strengthening exercises alone on the joint angle and plantar pressure in elderly women. Increased foot plantar pressure led to an increased contact area (forefoot, midfoot) for distribution of the foot plantar pressure, but the effect of reducing the maximum and average plantar pressures was incomplete. However, wearing functional insoles along with exercise, could help in improving the stability of the joints, by increasing the range of motion, and could help the elderly in movement of the muscles more effectively, leading to an improvement in gait function.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 인솔구두의 굽 높이에 따른 평발을 가진 20대 대학생의 보행 시 발목관절의 각도변화에 대해 융복합적 비교를 하는 것이다. 15명의 대학생을 대상으로 동작분석기(Qualisys Track Manager)를 이용하였다. 인솔이 장착된 기능성 구두를 제작하고, 구두의 굽 높이를 0cm, 3cm와 7cm로 셋팅하였다. 실험대상자들은 두 개의 굽 높이가 있는 구두를 신고 발목관절의 측면에 반사마커를 부착하여 보행을 실시하였다. 보행입각기에서 발목관절의 각도변화를 측정하였다. 평발을 가진 실험대상자가 인솔구두를 착용 시 구두 굽 높이가 높을수록 양측의 Heel strike, Foot flat, Midstance, Toe off에서 유의한 감소가 나타났다. 따라서 평발을 가진 대상자는 인솔구두를 착용 시 낮은 구두를 신어야만 발바닥의 피로를 감소시켜 편안한 보행을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 요추 척추관협착증 환자에게 쿠션 인솔을 착용하게 하여서 요추의 유연성과 운동능력에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하는 것이다. 요추 척추관협착증이 있는 26명의 환자를 실험군 13명과 대조군 13명으로 무작위로 배치하였다. 참가자들은 6 주간 하루 2 시간 동안 쿠션인솔을 착용하게 하였다. 실험군은 8mm, 대조군은 4mm 쿠션인솔을 맹검법으로 착용하도록 하였다. 실험군의 굴곡능력 검사에서 $3.38{\pm}3.12$의 유의미한 증가(p<0.05)를 보였으나 다른 검사에서는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론적으로 쿠션인솔은 요추 척추관협착증 치료를 위한 중재의 방법으로 적합하지 않았다. 차후에 인솔의 높이나 재질을 다르게 하여 더 연구할 필요성이 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2004

In this paper, an embedded foot pressure measurement system is proposed to measure foot pressure based on the embedded Linux system. To measure foot pressure data and to evaluate foot pressure distribution for the different insoles, FSR sensor, A/D converter, iPAQ PDA, and a time division measurement method are employed in the system. Utilizing this system, the foot pressure analysis has been performed for the different four shoes. The number of foot pressure/voltage conversion circuits are drastically decreased by the proposed time division measurement method from 406 to 14. The experimental results for the sandal, slipper, oxford shoes and sneakers demonstrate that the proposed system successfully performs the foot pressure measurement.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The purpose are to assess the efficacy of a contact lateral-wedged insole with strapping on the femorotibial angle in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee after treatment period. 25 outpatients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were randomized to be treated with a contact lateral-wedge insole with strapping. Standing radiographs were used to analyze the femorotibial angle for each subject. The result of repeated two-way ANOVA's reveled that a contact lateral-wedged insole with strapping produced significantly differences in the femorotibial angle between groups after treatment period (P<0.05). and repeated one-way ANOVA's reveled that it produced significantly differences in the femorotibial angle between experimental groups after treatment period (P<0.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and later compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 당뇨병 환자의 맞춤형 족부질환 분석 및 관리 시스템 개발로 당뇨병성 족부질환 환자의 발 궤양 예방본 시스템은 영상분석 기술을 활용하여 족압뿐만 아니라, 발목의 변형, 신체의 균형, 발의 상처 여부 등의 다양한 데이터를 통하여 정확한 족부변형 상태 분석이 가능하고, 이를 기반으로 당뇨병성 족부질환 환자의 발의 정확한 변형 상태를 파악하여 맞춤형 인솔 제작을 하였다. 당뇨병 족부질환의 상처를 상태 확인 애플리케이션(App)의 사용 만족도 검사와 당뇨병성 족부질환 환자 및 족부질환 환자의 변성 상태를 파악하여 맞춤형 인솔을 착용하여 인솔 착용 만족도 조사연구이다. 연구 결과로 족저압력 측정 Knee angle은 -0.8 ± 1.3도였으며 최소 -2.4도에서 최대 1.1도의 분포를 보였고, 외반슬은 양쪽 하지 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다(p = 0.534). 경골 각도는 양쪽 하지에 유의미한 차이가 있었다 (p < 0.001). 발목 각도(Ankle angle)는 왼쪽이 2.6 ± 2.0도였으며 최소 0도에서 최대 6.3도의 분포를 보였고, 오른쪽은 4.5 ± 2.1도였고 최소 1.5도에서 최대 9.1도의 분포를 보였다. 발목 각도는 양쪽 하지에 유의미한 차이가 있었다 (p = 0.011). 족저 압력 측정 애플리케이션에 평균 4.3점의 만족도를 느낀다고 응답하였으며. 맞춤형 인솔 사용에 대해 평균 3.9점의 만족도를 느낀다고 응답하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify whether static and dynamic balance in young men were influenced by the different height of insoles in their shoes. Methods : Eighteen healthy young men (mean $20.61{\pm}1.38years$) were recruited for this study. The subjects' static and dynamic balance were assessed while wearing three different height' insoles (0cm, 2cm, 3cm) in their tennis shoes. Anterioposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) sway velocity was measured for 20 seconds using a force plate (Good balance system, Finland) under four conditions including normal standing with eyes open and with eyes closed, and tandem standing with eyes open and with eyes closed. The Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up & Go (TUG) were also performed for each subject under each condition. Results : 1) ML and AP sway velocities in young men were significantly different according to the height of the insole in normal standing with eyes open and eyes closed. 2) ML and AP sway velocities in young men were not different according to the height of the insole in tandem standing with eyes open. 3) ML sway velocities in young men were significantly different according to the height of the insole in tandem standing with eyes closed, whereas AP sway velocities did not differ by height of the insole in tandem standing with eyes closed. 4) FRT scores in young men were significantly different according to the height of the insole. 5) TUG scores in young men were not significantly different according to the height of the insole. Conclusions : This study's results indicate that the static and dynamic balance in young men can be influenced by shoe insole height.