• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2003

본 연구는 제6차 교육과정에서 강조한 탐구활동을 탐구내용, 탐구과정, 탐구상황의 3차원 분석틀을 이용하여 화학II 교과서를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 탐구활동의 탐구내용을 보면, 각 교과서마다 탐구활동이 관찰, 실험, 측정, 토의, 자료해석, 기본조작 등의 다양한 용어로 분류되어 있으며, 교과서마다 분류 기준에 다소 차이가 있었다. 각 교과서의 탐구내용에 수록된 탐구활동의 수는, 7개 교과서 모두 25개에서 35개 정도로 수록되어 있었다. 각 교과서의 탐구내용에 있는 탐구활동의 평균수는 각 단원에서 적게는 10${\%}$에서 많게는 30${\%}$로 분포되어 있었다. 또한 탐구과정 영역은 평균적으로 ''관찰 및 측정''이 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 ''자료해석 및 일반화'', ''문제발견 및 해결방안'', ''이론모델셩성, 검증 및 수정''의 순서로 나타났다. 그리고 탐구상황 영역은 과학적 상황요소가 90.5%로 가장 많은 부분을 차지하였고, 그 외에 개인적 상황요소, 사회적 상황요소, 기술적 상황요소가 약 5%를 차지하였다. 이러한 분석으로부터 볼 때, STS(과학-기술-사회)의 상호관련성을 강조한 내용이 아직은 매우 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.274-287
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• 2000

본 연구는 제 6차 교육과정에 의해 개편된 4종의 공통과학 교과서(물질단원)의 내용분석을 통해 전체 구성이 어떻게 되어 있는지를 조사하고 6차 교육과정에 중점을 둔 탐구활동을 탐구 내용 영역, 탐구 과정 영역 및 탐구 상황 영역으로 구성된 3차원 분석틀을 이용하여 분석하였다. 4종의 공통과학 교과서에서는 풍부한 학습자료와 읽을거리를 제공하여 학생들에게 흥미 있는 교과서가 되도록 하고 있었다. 3차원 분석틀 중 탐구 내용 영역 분석에서는 교육과정 목표에서 제시하는 내용을 다양한 탐구활동을 통해 다루고 있었으며 탐구활동의 횟수도 교과서당 평균 16회 정도로 각 교과서의 탐구 활동 횟수가 유사하였다. 탐구 과정 영역의 분석에서는 자료해석 및 일반화가 39.1%, 관찰 및 측정이 30.8% 로 대부분올 차지하고 있어 공통과학 교과서의 기본 목표에서 볼 때 상위의 탐구과정 요소의 반영 비율을 좀 더 높여야 할 것으로 보인다. 탐구 상황 영역의 분석에서는 과학적 상황이 81.3% 로 대부분을 차지하였으며 현대 과학 교육의 주요한 교육운동인 STS 관련 내용은 18%에 불과하여 아직은 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.334-346
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• 2012

For teachers' conceptions and understandings are critical to their decision making and classroom practice, this study attempts to understand pre-service elementary teachers' views and practices of science inquiry during peer teaching practice. Fifteen 4th year university students in teacher education program participated in peer teaching practice. Their teaching and reflective discussion were video and audio recorded and written lesson plans were collected for data analysis. Five science teacher educators individually looked into the data and shared their comments and interpretations on pre-service teachers' views and practice. The study findings suggest that pre-service teachers emphasized the importance of providing students with motivating resources in the beginning of lesson, employing certain inquiry teaching models, the process of predicting and dis/proving via experiment, and teachers' minimal intervention as the important features of inquiry teaching. Science teacher educators emphasized that it is critical to help children understand inquiry questions in the beginning of inquiry process, to be mindful of children's problem solving and critical thinking rather than following instruction models or simply going through prediction and test process. They also commented that teachers' guidance could lead a good inquiry process in classroom practice, not always interfering students' inquiry. Based on the findings, the study suggests science teacher educators need to understand what and how pre-service teachers view and practice science inquiry teaching and consider these as useful resources where they can start effective teaching for pre-service teachers at the university level.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2014

This study explored the effect of using the inquiry-based science writing heuristic approach in class on metacognition and scientific creativity to enhance the ability of solving problems in science classrooms of elementary students. The results of this study were as follows. First, the science writing heuristic had a positive influence on the usage of metacognition necessary for learners to solve the problem with science. Second, the science writing heuristic contributed to the improvement of scientific creativity. In the process of inquiry-based approach, learners used scientific knowledge to come up with ideas and produce outcomes, therefore they could seek sanswers to scientific problems for themselves. Third, the science writing heuristic produced a positive awareness of science process skill because learners had more opportunities to think on their own than an existing passive class. In conclusion, this study found that the inquiry-based science writing heuristic approach encouraged learners to do inquiring activities in school classrooms, therefore contributing to the application of metacognition and the improvement of scientific creativity.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.281-299
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• 2019

Mathematical problem solving has become a major concern in school mathematics, and methods to enhance children's mathematical problem solving abilities have been the main topics in many mathematics education researches. In addition to previous researches about problem solving, the development of a mathematical problem solving method that enables children to establish mathematical concepts through problem solving, to discover formalized principles associated with concepts, and to apply them to real world situations needs. For this purpose, I examined the necessity of problem solving education and reviewed mathematical problem solving researches and problem solving models for giving the theoretical backgrounds. This study suggested the problem solving approach based on the intuitive and the formal inquiry which are the basis of mathematical discovery and inquiry process. And it is developed to keep the balance and complement of the conceptual understanding and the procedural understanding respectively. In addition, it consisted of problem posing to apply the mathematical principles in the application stage.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.486-501
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to investigate two main problems for the hypothetico-deduction method and to develop a scientific inquiry model to resolve these problems. The structure of this scientific inquiry model consists of accounts of the context of discovery and justification that the hypothetico-deduction holds as two main problems : 1) the heuristic flaw in the hypothetico-deduction method is that there is no limit to creating hypotheses to explain natural phenomena; 2) Logically, this brings into question affirming the consequent and modus tollens. The features of the model are as follows: first, the generation of hypotheses using an analogical abduction and the selection of hypotheses using consilience and simplicity; second, the expansion phase as resolution for the fallacy of affirming the consequent and the recycle phase as resolution for modus tollens involving auxiliary hypotheses. Finally, we examine the establishment process of Copernicus's Heliocentric Hypothesis and the main role of the history of science for the historical invalidity of this scientific inquiry model based on three examples of If/and/then type of explanation testing suggested by Lawson (International journal of science and Mathematics Education, 2005a, 3(1): 1-5) We claim that this hypotheticho-deduction process involving abduction approach produced favorable in scientific literacy rising for science teacher as well as students.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' written arguments embedded in scientific inquiry investigations using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach. Argument components defined in this study are questions, claims, questions-claims relationship, evidence, claims-evidence relationship, multiple modal representations, and reflection. A set of criteria for evaluating each argument component was developed to evaluate writing samples of students from college freshman general chemistry laboratory classes. Results indicate that students produced, on average, moderate to powerful questions, claims, and evidence. They also constructed reasonable questions-claims relationship and claims-evidence relationship. Compared to other component scores, the average score for reflection was relatively low. Overall, the average Total Argument score was 21.4 out of a possible 36, that is, the quality of the written arguments using the SWH approach during a series of inquiry-based chemistry laboratory investigations was moderate to powerful. The findings of this study suggest that students, on average, developed reasonable scientific arguments generated as part of scientific inquiry. In other words, students are capable of putting together reasonable arguments as they participate in inquiry-based laboratory classrooms.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.29-52
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• 2023

Objective: This research aims to examine the effect of a young children's engineering-focused STEAM program based on the project approach - a program that constructs components aligned with children's interests in their play through an engineering design process - on their scientific inquiry ability, mathematical problem-solving ability, and creativity. Methods: In this research, 42 five-year-old children from a public kindergarten in S district, I city, were randomly divided into experimental and comparative groups, each with 21 children. The engineering-focused STEAM program was conducted from April 18 to June 10, 2022, with the experimental group exploring the 'car' theme and the comparison group focusing on a different theme. The study employed an independent sample t-test and analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), using the pretest as a covariate to control variables. Results: The children-selected 'cars' themed engineering-focused STEAM program was effective in enhancing their scientific inquiry ability, mathematical problem-solving ability and creativity. Conclusion/Implications: The engineering-focused STEAM program, which emerges from young children's interesting daily play, had positive effects on enhancing their scientific inquiry ability, mathematical problem-solving ability, and creativity. This research can serve as fundamental data for developing education programs focused on engineering within the STEAM framework, guided by children's emergent play.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of small group inquiry activities using IIM on the science process skills and scientific attitudes of students in higher elementary grades. To verify research problems, the subjects of this study were fifth-grade students selected from two classes of an elementary school located in Busan : the research group was composed of thirty students who participated in small group inquiry activities using IIM teaching model situation, and the other was composed of thirty students(comparative group) who participated in a teacher map- based learning situation. For six weeks, the small group inquiry activities using IIM were executed in the research group, while the teacher-map based instruction was conducted in the comparative group Test showed the following results: First, the research group showed a significant improvement in their science process skills compared to the comparative group. Second, the research group did not show a significant improvement in their scientific attitudes compared to the comparative group. In conclusion, small group inquiry activities using the IIM teaching model was more effective than the teacher map-based teaching model on science process skills. However, since the study has a limit on the object of the study and the applied curriculum, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and curriculum.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.263-276
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 예비과학교사들의 개방형 탐구 경험이 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 이해와 과학 탐구에 대한 태도에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 서울 소재의 사범대학 내 과학교육과에서 개설된 '탐구화학실험' 수업을 수강하는 학생 40명을 대상으로 한 학기 동안 10개의 주제로 개방형 탐구 실험을 진행하였다. 개방형 탐구 실험은 제시된 현상을 관찰한 후 조별로 탐구문제를 설정하여 가설을 세우고, 직접 실험을 설계하고 수행하여 결론을 도출하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 학생들의 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 이해와 과학 탐구에 대한 태도 변화를 알아보기 위하여 세 차례에 걸친 검사지와 개인 면담 자료를 활용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과학 지식의 본성에 대한 이해는 통계적으로 유의미한 향상을 보였다(p<.05). 하위 영역 중에서는 창의성, 초도덕성, 사회성 영역에서 유의미한 변화가 나타났다. 이 외에도 개인 면담을 통해서 과학 지식의 주관성에 대한 이해에 영향을 미친 것이 관찰되었다. 둘째, 과학 탐구에 대한 태도는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 학생들이 개방형 탐구를 경험한 초반에는 과학 탐구에 대한 태도가 다소 부정적이었으나 계속해서 경험할수록 긍정적인 태도가 나타났다.