• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 1991

The CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) system for science teaching has been increasing both in quantity and in quality during the last two decades. However, science learning by computer has not played a leading role in the science teaching process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of tutorial CAI programs according to the learner's characteristics such as sex, inquiry skills, attitudes toward science subject, logical thinking skills, achievement motivation, science content achievement in science teaching. One group pretest-posttest design was used as an experimental design. The three tutorial science CAI programs were used for thirty males and females selected in grade eight. According to the analysis of CAI achievement scores the female students showed significantly higher (P<0.05) than the male students. Also, one-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of interaction between sex and achievement motivation. The significant difference on the effects of interaction between sex and achievement motivation has not found. The effects of tutorial CAI between logical thinking skills, attitudes toward science subject, inquiry skills, achievement motivation, science content achievement according to upper and lower levels were investigated by using the statistical analysis of one-way ANOVA. The results indicate that tutorial CAI might provides a good opportunities for the improvement of science achievement to the lower level students of attitudes toward science subject, inquiry skills, science content achievement.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.124-135
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between elementary school teachers' beliefs of inquiry and science performance assessment. To collect data for analyzing elementary school teachers' beliefs of inquiry and their practice of science performance assessment, the researcher was surveyed with elementary school teachers by open-ended questionnaires and interview. The findings of this study were as follows; First, Most of elementary school teachers beliefs of inquiry was shown as constructivist tendency. This view of inquiry involves watching and doing experiments, and the skills of thinking processes, in which learners make their own interpretations rather than merely acquiring preexisting knowledge structures. Second, for content knowledge, participants' preception about the target of science performance assessment involved assessing application of science knowledge rather than basic level of substantive knowledge. For inquiry process, participants' preception about the target of science performance assessment involved assessing the lower level of inquiry rather than the higher level of inquiry. Most of participants was measured using a paper and pencil test for the actual evaluation methods due to the ease and objectivity of the assessment, the lack of understanding how to perform the performance evaluation process and method. Especially, participants who recognize that the higher level of inquiry was used performance and informal mode of assessing.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.494-504
• /
• 2003

이 연구는 제7차 과학과 교육과정에 따라 저술된 7종의 중학교 1학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 과학적 탐구 과정 및 활동의 개수를 확인하고 그 적절성을 판단할 목적으로 수행하였다. 전반적으로 볼 때 제 7차 과학과 교육과정에 제시된 과학적 탐구의 기본적 과정은 어느 정도 잘 반영되어 있으나, 통합적 탐구 활동은 대체로 미흡하다. 또한, 교과서에 제시된 과학적 탐구 과정 및 활동이 그 과제와 일치하지 않는 것이 많으며, 특히 실험은 단 1개도 엄격한 의미의 실험으로 볼 수 없다. 논문의 마지막 부분에서는 과학적 탐구의 통합적 과정과 탐구 활동도 충분히 반영될 수 있게 해야 하며, 특히 실험과 조사의 의미를 분명하게 정의되어야 할 필요성을 제시하였다.

• Educational Technology International
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.19-46
• /
• 2011

The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of classroom inquiry features exhibited on a web-based discussion board, which is called the Message Board. Approximately 4,000 students from 80 schools with 60 on-line scientists were participated in the study. During the study, a total of 639 messages in the selected cluster and several patterns were identified and analyzed. Three main features of the classroom inquiry were analyzed in terms of: 1) learner gives priority to evidence in responding to questions; 2) learner formulates explanations from evidence; 3) learner communicates and justifies explanations. The results are as follow. First, once learners identified and understood the questions posed by the curriculum, they needed to collect evidence or information in responding to the questions. Depending on the question that students were given, types of evidence/data students needed to collect and how to collect the data could vary. Second, students' formulated descriptions, explanations, and predictions after summarizing evidence were observed on the Message Board. However, the extent to which students summarized evidence for descriptions, explanations, and predictions varied. In addition, students were able to make a better use of evidence over time when they formulate descriptions and explanations. Third, the Message Board was designed to allow the great amount of learner self-direction. Classroom teachers and on-line scientists played an important role in providing guidance in developing inquiry. At the same time, development of content understanding also contributed to inquiry development.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.452-458
• /
• 1995

Science textbooks are very important materials in order to know elementary science learning in Japan and Korea. In this research the 5th grade science textbooks in Japan and Korea are analyzed by an analyzing category. The analyzing category is consisted of knowledge and scientific inquiry. Knowledge is divided by fact, concept, and rule. Scientific inquiry is divided by problem cognition, variable control, experiment planning, observing, measuring, categorizing, inferring, data transformation, predicting, correlation, cause and effect, result, communication, which are 13 subcategories. Analyzing methods are counting the frequency of each subcategory and tabulating the data. The results of this study are: 1. The frequency of scientific inquiry appeared in Korean 5th grade science textbooks is three times more than that in Japanese textbooks. 2. In scientific inquiry category, Japanese science textbooks emphasized observing, predicting, measuring and problem cognition; Korean science textbooks emphasized experiment planning, observing and problem cognition. 3. In knowledge category, fact subcategory is mostly emphasized in both countries.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.160-175
• /
• 2004

This study examined the knowledge and practices of scientific inquiry displayed by three student teachers and two beginning teachers at secondary levels. Observations using the instrument of OTOP designed by the research team of OCEPT (Oregon Collaborative for Excellent in the Preparation of Teachers) generalized similar teaching strategies of scientific inquiry between student and beginning teachers, such as using group work for students' first hand experience, using concrete materials for experimentation or visual tools for demonstration, using questions for factual knowledge mainly without opportunities to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Those scientific inquiry activities were very confirmative ones to follow the steps without opportunities of understanding nature of science or nature of scientific inquiry. However, all participants in this study hold knowledge of scientific inquiry envisioned by the National Science Education Standards [NSES] (NRC, 1996), where students identify their hypothesis, use critical and logical thinking, and consider alternative explanations through argumentation as well as experimentation. An inconsistent relationship between participating teachers knowledge and practices about scientific inquiry resulted from their lack of pedagogy skills of implementing it in the classroom. Providing opportunities for these teachers to reflect on their beliefs and practices about scientific inquiry was recommended for the future study. Furthermore, increasing college faculty interest in new teaching approaches for upgrading the content knowledge of student teachers and beginning teachers was recommended as a solution, since those teachers showed evidence of influence by college faculties at universities in their pedagogy skills.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.96-108
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how prospective elementary school teachers perceived teacher's inquiryoriented teaching practice, with an emphasis on students' scientific explanations based on scientific evidence. For this study, 94 prospective elementary school teachers were participated. 14 among 94 participants had chances to intensively experience this particular teaching methods for 15 weeks. All of the 94 participants observed the intended science teaching practice for 4th graders in two different elementary schools, which utilized the science talks emphasizing students' scientific explanation activity. For quantitative data analysis, they were asked to provide their reaction to the science teaching methods after their classroom observation. For qualitative data analysis, 5 among the participants, who had relatively long term experience with this teaching practice, were chosen to interview in order to understand their individual reasons of the ways they perceived about the inquiry-oriented teaching methods boosting students' scientific explanation. The results show that the prospective elementary teachers generally thought the emphasis of students' scientific explanation based on scientific evidence could enhance young elementary students' science content understanding, stimulate their curiosity/interests, and further develop their ability to engage actively in scientific discussions. However, some prospective teachers tended to think that the science teaching. methods would not be effective in terms of managing science classes, though. This study concludes that the prospective teachers tended to hold an endemic dilemma. On the one hand, they had their clear preference to the inquiry-oriented teaching practice as the most ideal teaching methods. On the other hand, they also had their persistent hesitance in using these methods due to their fear that elementary students might not adequately grasp the important science content when engaged in scientific discourse through an inquiry-oriented class.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.441-450
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of elementary gifted students' argumentation and examine the special features of argumentation founded in scientific inquiry. 28 students were selected in the special education center for the gifted in K National University. They were organized 8 groups of 3~4 students and engaged in scientific inquiry activity. The researcher wasn't involved in students' inquiry activity and argumentation except for the guiding and introducing their activity. In the first session, each group carried out the experiment 'Putting a heated can in the water' and then, the students discussed to probe their experimental results and build their explanation. In the second session, each group presented their experiment results and evidence from their experiment justifying their claims, and had questions from other groups. The protocol data during 8 groups' argumentations were analyzed using 'Rubric for Scientific Argumentation Assessment' (Yang et al., 2009) in three domains- the form, content and attitude. As a result, in form domain, almost groups were rated 2 points due to their argument without rebuttal on the subcategory of 'composition', but they got a good grade above 3 points in subcategory such as 'claim', 'ground', and 'conclusion'. In content domain, almost groups got points above 3 points. In attitude domain, there were some striking contrast between each groups. Six groups got good score more than 4 points on the subcategory of openness, but two groups, they alleged and got score below 3 point. While the 6 groups of all got 4 points in the aspect of participation, 3 groups got 3 points lower than because they only just asserted and not interact with other groups. Throughout the argumentation, two features were found that; as time goes by, arguments were refined; Students tended to use their prior to knowledge rather than evidence such as experimental data in making claims and conclusions.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.389-403
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 예비 초등교사들의 과학 탐구 수업 비평 기준과 비평에서 드러나는 특성을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구에 참여한 예비 초등교사들은 초등과학 탐구 수업 강의를 수강하는 교육대학교 2학년 31명의 학생들로 2-3인이 한 조로 과학 탐구 수업을 설계 및 시연하였다. 예비교사들은 동료가 시연한 과학 탐구 수업에 학생 입장으로 참여하였으며, 매 수업이 끝난 이후에 시연된 수업에 대해 비평을 하였다. 예비교사들의 동료 수업 비평을 분석한 결과, 예비교사들은 수업 맥락, 과학 내용, 교수 전략, 학습자, 교육 목표, 비언어적 태도, 평가 기준 순으로 비평하였으며, 전반적으로 구성주의 관점을 가지고 학생 중심과 활동 중심의 교육관이 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 예비교사들의 비평 내용을 분석한 결과, 수업 비평 내용에서 강의식, 학문적 엄격성, 활동 중심, 탐구 교수지향이 반영된 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 여러 교수지향이 혼재되어 나타나기도 하였다. 과학 탐구 수업 시연이 진행될수록 예비교사들의 비평은 단순히 비판만 하는 것에서 그치지 않고 수업 일반적인 대안과 탐구 수업 특성화된 수업 전략 대안을 제시하였다. 또한, 탐구 수업에 대한 인식적 이해가 높아지는 증거를 확인할 수 있었는데, 과학 탐구 수업과 관련된 탐구 특이적 비평 기준의 비율 증가 경향성이 나타나고, 교사와 학생 사이의 상호작용에서 모둠 내의 학생들 사이의 상호작용을 강조하는 것이 나타났으며, 실험의 오차를 인식하고 설명하는 것과 관련된 과학의 본성에 대한 이해를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 예비 초등교사 교육에서 탐구 수업 시연과 비평 활동을 통해 탐구 수업에 대한 신념과 이해를 확인하는 것과 함께 이를 발달시킬 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.132-143
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 2009 개정 과학 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 물리 교과서에 제시된 탐구활동을 과학적 실천 개념을 이용하여 분석하고, 교과서를 통해 학생들에게 제공되는 가능한 탐구 학습의 경험을 알아보았다. 분석 결과 '자료를 분석하고 해석하기'와 '설명 구성하고 문제해결 고안하기'가 다른 과학적 실천에 비해 강조되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 '질문하고 문제 규정하기'는 물리 교과서 4권을 통틀어 단 1건이 있었다. 단원별로 강조되는 과학적 실천의 차이가 거의 없어 특정 과학적 실천의 강조가 교과 내용과는 무관한 것으로 드러났다. 또한 탐구활동에서 수행한 과학적 실천이 교과서 내용 전개상의 탐구활동의 목적과는 무관하게 사용되고 있음이 드러났다. 교육과정과 교과서 그리고 교사 교육에 대한 시사점과 후속 연구 과제를 제시하였다.