• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.4.1-4.1
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• 2009

The dream of futurists andtechnologists is to build complex, multifunctional machines so small that theycan only be seen with the aid of a microscope. The unprecedented technologyadvancements in miniaturizing integrated circuits on semiconductors, and theresulting plethora of sophisticated, low cost electronic devices demonstratethe impact that micro/nano scale engineering can have when applied only to thearea of electrical and computer engineering. Emerging research efforts indeveloping organic and inorganic nano materials together with using micro/nanofabrication techniques for implementing integrated multifunctional devices hopeto yield similar revolutions in other engineering fields. By cross linking theindividual engineering fields through micro/nano technology, various organicand inorganic materials and miniaturized system devices can be developed thatwill have future impacts in the IT and life science applications. Yet to buildthe complex micromachines and nanomachine of the future, engineering will needto develop the technology capable of seamlessly integrating these materials andsubsystems together at the micro and nano scales. The micromachines of thefuture will be “integrated nanosystems,” complex devices requiring the integration of multiple materials,phenomena, technologies, and functions at the same platform. To develop thistechnology will require great efforts in materials science and engineering, infundamental and applied sciences. In this talk, we will first discuss thenature of micro and nanotechnology research for IT and life sciences, and thenintroduce selected current activities in micro and nanotechnology research fororganic and inorganic materials and devices. The newly developed micro/nanofabrication processes and devices, combined with in-depth scientificunderstandings of materials, can lead to rapid development of next generationsystems for applications in IT and life sciences.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

This study demonstrates a new method for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles composed of an inorganic silica shell and organic core particles. The organic core particles are prepared with a uniform size using droplet-based microfluidic technology. In the process of preparing the organic core particles, uniform droplets are generated by independently controlling the flow rates of the dispersed phase containing photocurable resins and the continuous phase. After the generation of droplets in a microfluidic device, the droplets are photo-polymerized as particles by ultraviolet irradiation at the ends of microfluidic channels. The core particle is coated with a nano complex composed of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and phosphate ion (Pi) through strong non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction under optimized pH conditions. The polyamine nano complex rapidly induces the condensation reaction of silicic acid through the arranged amine groups of the main chain of PAH. Therefore, this method enabled the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid particles coated with inorganic silica nanoparticles on the organic core. Finally, we demonstrated the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles in a short time under ambient and environmentally friendly conditions, and this is applicable to the production of organic-inorganic hybrid particles having various sizes and shapes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.4 s.287
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

[ ${\varepsilon}-caprolactam$ ] was polymerized in the layers of the [DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex at high temperatures ranging from 250% to 260% formed from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide to achieve [DEACOOH]-Polycaprolactam-Montmorillonite, in which an inorganic polymer (montmorillonite) is chemically combined with an organic polymer (polycaprolactam). The results of X-ray and IR analyses for the samples obtained after polymerization showed that the polymerization reaction was successfully accomplished. For the purpose of studying the polymeric reaction product more precisely, the polymerized product was separated from the silicate layers and analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer and an IR-spectrometer. A comparison of the results of the X-ray and IR analyses of the separated polymer and the polymer that was synthesized by the reaction of ${\varepsilon}-caprolactam$ solely with the organic cation without montmorillonite showed that the obtained both polymers are identical compounds.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2020

Electrodialysis has been applied for treatment of industrial wastewater including metal electroplating. The wastewater from metal plating industries contains high concentrations of inorganics such as copper, nickel, and sodium. The ions in the feed were separated due to the electrical forces in the electrodialysis. The concentrate compartment is exposed to the elevated concentrations of the ions and yielded inorganic precipitations on the cation exchange membranes. The presence of organic matter in the metal plating wastewater affects complex interfacial reactions, which determines characteristics of inorganic scale fouling. The wastewater from a metal plating industry in practice was collected and the inorganic and organic compositions of the wastewater were analyzed. The performance of electrodialysis of the raw wastewater was evaluated and the effects of adjusting pH of the raw water were also measured. The integrated processes with neutralization and electrodialysis showed great removal of heavy metals sufficient to discharge to aquatic ecosystem. The organic matter in the raw water was also reduced by the neutralization, which might enhance removal performance and alleviate organic fouling in the integrated system.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.2 s.297
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• pp.71-78
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• 2007

A [TEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-triethylammonium bromide was used to attempt the polymerization of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone between the layer spaces of the intercalations complex to achieve Montmorillonite-Polycaprolactone nanocomposites in which the inorganic material (montmorillonite) is chemically combined with the organic polymer (polycaprolactone). The results of X-ray-, IR-, and TEM-analyses for samples obtained after polymerization showed that a polycondensation reaction was successfully produced. For a more precise investigation of the polymeric reaction products the polymerized products were separated from the silicate layers and analyzed with an IR-spectrometer. A comparison of the results of the IR-analyses of the separated polymer with that of the polymer synthesized by the reaction of ${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone with only the organic cation and without montmorillonite showed that the two obtained polymers are the same compound.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.425-429
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• 2004

[DEACOOH]-Montmorillonite intercalations complex obtained from Na-Montmorillonite and 10-Carboxy-n-decyldimethylethylammonium bromide (organic cation) was reacted with the monomer ($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) to achieve the [DEACOOH]-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone-Montmorillonite intercalations complex. From this intercalations complex Montmorillonite/Polycaprolactone nanocomposites in which montmorillonite (inorganic polymer) is chemically linked with the polycaprolactone (organic polymer) were formed at 240$^{\circ}C$ by three different methods such as in stoichiometric amounts between monomer and organic cation, in excess of only the monomer and in excess of both organic cation and monomer. The products obtained after polymerization were analyzed with X-ray diffractometer and TEM.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.2367-2374
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• 2013

Lysine (Lys) immobilized on zeolite 4A was prepared by a simple adsorption method. The physical and chemical properties of Lys/zeolite 4A were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis. The obtained organic-inorganic composite was effectively employed as a heterogeneous basic catalyst for synthesis of ${\alpha},{\beta}$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. No by-product formation, high yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity with reusability of the catalyst are the salient features of the present catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 1989

The effect of heft treatment on the characteristic properties of insulation layer is studied for two kinds of non-oriented silicon steels, which were insulation-coates with various kinds of inorganic and inorganic-organic complex coating solutions. In addition, how the carbon contained in the insulation layer would affect the carbon content and the magnetic properties of the steel substrates is examined. Lower temperature heat treftment ($480^{\circ}C$ for 0.5hr) is found to render morw favorable surface qualities, wheras higher temperature heat treatment ($790^{\circ}C$ for 2hr) better core loss due to grin growt occurred during the heat treatment. Decarburization of the steel substrate is also found unaffectrd by the presence of carbon in the insulation layer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.447-454
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different copper sources (inorganic and organic) on the growth performance, fecal copper excretion, intestinal morphology, and health in growing pigs. A total of 40 growing pigs (30.22 ± 1.92 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments: a basal control diet (CON), 4 experimental diets supplemented with either copper sulfate (CuSO₄), Cu-glycine complex (CuGly), Cu-amino acid complex (CuAA), or Cu-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB) at 100 ppm, respectively. At the end of the study (28 days), fecal and blood samples were collected, and the pigs were slaughtered to determine the intestinal morphology. During the 28 days of the experimental period, pigs fed the inorganic and organic copper showed a higher average daily gain (p < 0.01) and gain feed ratio (p < 0.01). There were no differences in mineral concentrations of the serum; however, the copper concentration of the feces was lower (p < 0.01) in the CuAA and CuHMB groups. The intestinal morphology and blood profiles did not significantly differ between the groups. In conclusion, the organic copper sources (CuAA and CuHMB) can be used as a growth promoter to replace the CuSO₄ without any negative effects on health in growing pigs and to reduce fecal copper excretion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of organic and inorganic dietary trace minerals on broiler performance and trace mineral digestibility along the small intestine of 35-day-old broiler chickens reared under floor-pen conditions. Eight hundred male, day-old Cobb broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (25 birds per pen with 8 replicates per treatment). Broilers fed diets supplemented with 4, 20, 40 and 30 mg/kg, respectively, of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from organic chelates and inorganic salts achieved the same body weight gain as those supplemented at the NRC levels (8 mg Cu, 40 mg Fe, 60 mg Mn and 40 mg Zn/kg, respectively) from inorganic salts. However, birds fed a control diet without any supplementation at dietary levels of 7.4-8.8, 60.1-69.2, 14.6-15.4 and 19.1-20.6 mg/kg of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively, had decreased feed intake and growth rate. There was no significant difference in the digestibility of Cu in all regions of the small intestine. Throughout the small intestine the apparent absorption of Mn from both organic and inorganic sources was small, whereas the digestibility of Zn seemed to be more complex, exhibiting differences in the apparent absorption due to both mineral source and intestinal site. Therefore, the digestibility of organic Zn was improved (p<0.01) in the ileum compared to inorganic Zn. The digestibility of Zn in the duodenum was smaller (p<0.05) than that in the ileum.