• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.629-636
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• 1997

We have analyzed focusing on the characteristics, speed and width of sea breeze front in Pusan coastal area using the meteorological data observed at Kimhae air force meteorological station because the presence of the front has Important effects on the dInstributlon of air pollution. The inland penetration of sea breeze front was recognized by steep variation of meteorological parameters(wind direction, wind speed, temperature, dew point temperature, air pressure, relative humidity) before and after its passage and the variation of $SO_2$ concentration, the speed and width of the sea breeze front was 2.07m/s and 217m, respectively. The structure and inland penetration of sea breeeze front should be taken into account whenever a model is to be compared with detailed field measurements.

• 대기
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2005

The effect of inversion layer on the land and sea breeze near the Gangneung city was investigated. The land and sea breeze occurrence days were selected, and the height and the intensity of inversion layer were calculated with the upper air observational data of the Sokcho Station. The relationships between the temperature variation near the Gangneung and the inflow time, inland penetration and the inflow depth of the land and sea breeze were also analyzed. And the Gangwon Short-range prediction system was verified with the comparison of surface stream line by the Gangwon short-range prediction system with the AWS wind vector data. It was revealed that the inversion layer tended to block the sea breeze, shorten the inland penetration distance and lower the inflow depth, causing the temperature rise. The comparison and analysis of surface steam line by the Gangwon short-range prediction system and the AWS wind vector showed that the system quite well simulated the sea breeze, thus the system could be well utilized in the prediction of land and sea breeze.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

In order to use sea breezes to counter the heat island phenomena, i.e. to promote urban ventilation, it is necessary to clarify the effect of building morphology and height on large-scale wind fields. In this study, the sea breeze in the vicinity of the Kanto Plain in Japan is simulated using a mesoscale meteorological model incorporating an urban canopy model, and the inland penetration of sea breezes is accurately reproduced. Additionally, a mean kinetic energy balance within a domain (Control Volume; CV) moving along the sea breeze is analysed. From the results, it is clarified that the sea breeze is interrupted by the resistance and turbulence caused by buildings at the centre of Tokyo. The interruption effect is increased in accordance with the height of these buildings. On the other hand, adverse pressure gradients interrupt in the internal region.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1132-1140
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• 2009

Recently soil improvement methods are using in many ways such as costal and soft ground of inland. Among them, sand compaction pile be widely used because of quiet few advantages. There are two ways for quality evaluation method of sand compaction pile. Especially standard penetration test is used the most general method. However, Current method have problems in that it is not consider the condition of construction site. Therefore this study is propose new quality evaluation method. Relation of N-$\Phi$ is always not fixed but changing by condition of construction site. By through the Laboratory test we can know relationship between relative density and internal friction. Also this study propose revision for effective stress. From these study, we can acquire more accurate and reasonable result than current method.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.687-699
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• 2018

해저터널의 시공은 육상터널의 시공과 몇 가지 다른 부분이 존재하는데 지하수 이외에 해수가 존재하여 고수압을 받으며, 시공 중 지반보강이 육상터널보다 매우 어려운 점 등이 대표적이다. 그러므로 해저터널 시공 시 시공트러블 발생의 예방은 매우 중요하다. 본 고에서는 서해안 해저 약 60 m에 시공한 소형 슬러리 TBM의 굴진 성능을 분석하기 위하여 대상 지반의 지질학적 특성들과 기계적 특성들을 DB로 구축하였다. 구축한 DB 중 추력, 토크 및 RPM 등이 순굴진율에 주는 영향을 확인하고자 각 변수들 간의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 또한 구축된 DB로부터 비에너지와 FPI와의 상관관계를 분석하고 순 굴진율을 예측할 수 있는 경험식을 제시하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.273-276
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• 2006

Airborne chlorides is moved to inland by sea wind and attach to the surface of concrete then penetrated into concrete. In addition, concrete structures are greatly affected by salt attack primarily due to airborne chlorides like it can be seen through the corrosion of rebar. Therefore, it is important to review the relationship among airborne, surface and penetrated chlorides. In this study, airborne, surface and penetrated chlorides were examined in terms of surface roughness of concrete. The results showed that penetrated and surface chlorides have close relationship with surface roughness of concrete.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

From the beginning of 1990s , also in the shipping industry, especially liner shipping industry competition has been more intensive and difference of the service quality among shipping companies has been learned . On the other hand, a shipping company has some limitations to do its international mission for itself just by broadening service area. For this reason, the necessity for the global strategi alliance among the shipping companies, which is orginally aimed at sharing of facilities and organixation, has been developed. Through strategic alliance, liner shipping companies do not need to input the additional capitals to increase the material assets such as vessel capacity and spread the risk by the enlargement of the market. Also, they can secure the competitive edge through efficient utilizaton of assets. The purpose of strategic alliance of Hanjin Shipping Ltd., can be summarized as follows ; broadening of service area, cost reduction through vessel sharing, realization of rationalized shipping service by terminal and equipment or facilities sharing. Liner strategic alliances are agreement among liner companies to pol their equipment , andterminals for joint operations and services in which each alliance partner continues to serve its market using jointly operated or used inland feeders,inland terminals, port terminals, and mainline fleets of ship as well as joint pools of containers and equipment. Strategic alliances are generally more formal agreements than consortia and impose longer term and far reaching obligation on their members. It also acts as one in developing and advancing the strategic aims of the alliance members. The most important objective for liner strategic alliances is cost reduction and improvement in capital asset utilization. Main aims of strategic alliance drawn in this paper, can be enumerated follows : 1. improvements in service frequency and quality : 2. improvements in vessel and equipment utilization and thereby reductions in fixed and variable cost ; 3. improvements in market shares and high value cargo booking ; 4. reductions in intermodal storage and port terminal throughput costs ; 5. improvements in negotiating powers with ports and feeder transport providers ; 6. reduction in financial and other fixed costs such as insurance; 7. coordination and integration of MIS and EDI systems and service for greater efficiency and market penetration ; and, 8. improvements in logistic chain management and economic of scale by equipment depot, terminal, and vessel sharing.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2012

대기 중의 비래염분은 해풍에 의해 내륙으로 이동되고 해안 인근 콘크리트 구조물의 표면에 부착하여 내부로 침투하게 된다. 비래염분 환경에 있는 콘크리트 구조물의 표면염분량은 비래염분량에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에 비래염분량의 분포 특성에 따라 표면염분량도 변화하는 경향이 있다. 따라서, 비래염분 환경 하의 구조물은 해수에 직접접하는 구조물과 달리 표면부의 염분량을 예측하기가 상대적으로 어렵고, 침투되는 경향 또한 다르기 때문에 이에 대한 결과를 얻는것은 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 비래염분 환경에서 콘크리트 표면으로부터 내부로 침투하는 염분을 표면염분량과 침투 염분량으로 구분하여 그 특성을 파악하였다. 이를 위하여 콘크리트 시험체를 제작하여 해안 현장에서 옥외노출실험을 3년간 실시하였으며, 노출기간 1년과 2년, 3년차에서 시험체를 회수하여 표면염분량 및 표면으로부터 깊이별 비래염분 침투량을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 콘크리트의 표면조도에 따라 표면염분량의 차이가 발생하였으며, 강우의 영향을 받지 않은 경우 더 많은 표면염분량이 존재하였다. 침투 염분량은 대기중의 비래염분량 및 노출기간에 따라 차이가 발생하였으며, 장기재령으로 갈수록 표면부보다 콘크리트 내부에서 많은 염분량을 나타내는 경향이 두드러졌다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2002

A reinforced concrete building neighboring in Pusan or Ulsan where is directly exposed to salt water contrasting with other in land areas contains much salt content percolated from the outside that the high salt content percolates and diffuses through the inside of reinforced concrete; therefore, an immovable tunic surrounding it begins to be destroyed and eroded with high speed. At the time, the cross-sectional area and volume expansion of re-bar reinforcing result in being cracks make a rapid progress gradually until they appear in the surface of the one, the phenomenon such as being a thin layer or falling off the part of it causes a lowering of its durability and might collapse the concrete construction. So far, we've investigated into salt content of reinforced concrete constructions neighboring in a seaside district and damage by carbonation, and we came to a conclusion as follows: $\circled1$ Under the oceanic circumstance a concrete construction is influenced by sea water directly that contains much amount of salt content contrasting with other constructions on inland areas. $\circled2$ Because of chloride penetration the carbonation of reinforced concrete made a rapid progress until more than the covering thickness of re-bar. $\circled3$ An old reinforced concrete building which has been piled up salt injury and proceeding the carbonation of its cross-sectional area. $\circled4$ According to rapidly cracking from the inside to surface of reiforced concrete, the phenomenon of being a thin layer or falling off the part of reinforced concrete results in a lowering of durability and shortening the life-time of concrete construction itself.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.897-904
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• 2006

리오그랑디주에서 바이아주 남부까지 약 300 km에 이르는 길고 좁은 브라질 북동부 지역에서는 남동무역풍의 교란, 전선의 침투, 해륙풍 순환 그리고 지형과 수증기 플럭스에 기인하는 국지 대류와 같은 다양한 강수 시스템이 나타난다. 연간 총강수량은 내륙에서는 600 mm, 해안지역에서는 3000 mm의 분포를 보이고 있다. 지역 기후 평균에 5-12배의 강수량이 2004년 1월에 알라고아스주 여러 지역에서 기록되었다. 46,000명의 수재민이 발생했고, 10,000,000 US$의 재산 피해였다. 이 폭우는 $21^{\circ}W,\;12^{\circ}S$에서 형성된 UTCV가 1월 내내 브라질 북동부 지역에 머물면서 영향을 미쳤기 때문이라는 것을 GOES 적외선 영상 분석으로 알 수 있었다.