• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Objective: Objective of this study is to provide characteristics of injury frequency and severity by driving condition in large truck-related traffic collisions. Background: Traffic accidents involving large trucks draw a lot of attention in accident prevention and management policies since they bring about severe human and financial damages. Method: In order to identify the major risk factors of accidents by driving condition, 255 recognized traffic accidents by large truck drivers were analyzed in terms of time of the day, road type, and shape of the road. Results: The driving conditions in the results are represented by the following form of combination, "Road Type (Non-expressway or Express) - Shape of Roads (Straight, Curved, Downhill, or Intersection) - Time of Accidents (Day or Night)". In the analysis of injury frequency, Non-expressway-Straight-Day condition was the most frequent one. Meanwhile, Expressway-Curved-Day, Non-expressway-Curved-Night and Non-expressway-Intersection-Night were evaluated as high level in view of injury severity. Also, Expressway-Straight-Night is the driving condition that is the highest in risk among the conditions that have to be managed as grade "High". Non-expressway-Straight-Night, Non-expressway-Downhill-Day, and Non-expressway-Curved-Day are also categorized as grade "High". Conclusion and Application: Safety managers in the fields require basic information on accident prevention that can be easily understood. The research findings will serve as a practical guideline for establishing preventive measures for traffic accidents.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

In volleyball, the most common injuries are anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. For this reason, volleyball players frequently use knee brace as prophylactic and rehabilitation measures. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of knee brace on anterior cruciate ligament injuries risk factors during spike take off in female volleyball players. Fifteen female volleyball players were recruited and performed randomly spike take off with and without knee brace. Kinematics and ground reaction data were collected to estimate the anterior cruciate ligament injuries risk factors. The ACL risk factors are knee maximum flexion angle, thigh maximum adduction angle, thigh maximum internal rotation angle, shank maximum abduction angle, shank maximum external rotation angle, knee maximum extension moment and knee maximum abduction moment. Data were analyzed with paired samples t-test with Bonfferoni collection. Female volleyball players with knee brace had no significant results in knee maximum flexion angle, thigh maximum adduction angle, thigh maximum internal rotation angle, shank maximum abduction angle and shank maximum external rotation angle compare to without knee brace. Female volleyball players, however, with knee brace showed more reduced knee maximum extension moment and knee maximal abduction moment than without knee brace. In conclusion, Female volleyball players with knee brace reduced anterior cruciate ligament stress.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.124-128
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• 2016

Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) with intravenous (IV) contrast is an important step in the evaluation of trauma patients; however, the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in these patients remain unclear. This study determined the rate of CIN in trauma patients at a regional trauma center in Korea and identified the risk factors for developing CIN. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 138 patients for the patient demographics, creatinine levels, and vital signs. CIN was defined as an increase in creatinine by 0.5 mg/dL from admission after undergoing CT with IV contrast. Results: Of the patients, 7.2% developed CIN during their admission after receiving IV contrast for CT. In the multivariate analysis, only the creatinine level at presentation (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.944; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.486-23.733; p=0.012) and an injury severity score (ISS) greater than 22 (aOR, 1.096; 95% CI, 1.021-1.176; p=0.011) were independently associated with the risk of CIN. Conclusion: CIN is uncommon in trauma patients following CT with IV contrast. The creatinine level at presentation and ISS were independent risk factors for developing CIN in trauma patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.114-121
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• 2018

Objective: Although suicide is a serious public health concern for adolescents, there is a lack of studies that explore its risk factors in the Republic of Korea. The present study aims to investigate risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors in Korean adolescents. Methods: Participants consisted of 2258 middle and high school students who completed a series of questionnaires regarding suicide ideation or attempts, non-suicidal self-injuries, depression, impulsivity, drinking behaviors, and negative life events, including peer bullying. Results: Among the participants, 8.3% of students reported suicide ideation, while 3.2% reported a history of a suicide attempt in the past 12 months. Depression, peer-victimization, internet-related delinquency, and positive attitudes toward suicide were associated with suicidal ideations and attempts. Adverse life events were also associated with suicide ideation, but not attempts, while not living with both parents and poor family relationships were associated with suicide attempts, but not ideations. Non-suicidal self-injuries were associated with both suicide ideations and attempts. Students with suicidal ideations and attempts can be differentiated depending on the presence of self-injury. Conclusion: In addition to depression or behavioral problems, non-suicidal self-injuries and lack of support from family may also play significant roles in suicide attempts in adolescents. To facilitate the prevention of suicide in adolescents, longitudinal studies should be followed to confirm the risk factors identified in this study.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 2019

This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine which factors contribute to the surgical treatment outcomes of acetabular fractures. Simultaneously, we aim to report on the treatment results after our hospital was designated as the focused training center for trauma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who experienced acetabular fractures from January 1, 2014 to May 1, 2017 and visited our hospital. Patients who had associated pelvic ring fractures or were lost to the one-year follow-up were excluded; a total of 37 fractures were evaluated. We evaluated the clinical results using the scoring system of Merle $d^{\prime}Aubign\acute{e}$ (MDA) and grade of Brooker for heterotopic ossification. Results: Thirty-seven patients (31 men and 6 women) were identified. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 8.7, with 32.4% of patients having a score >15. The average blood transfusion in the first 24 hours was 0.54 pints. Falling was the most common injury mechanism (32.4%). Chest injury was the most common associated injury (16.2%), followed by head injury (13.5%). The posterior wall and both column fracture were the most common (37.8%) fracture patterns. Excellent and good clinical grades of MDA included 28 patients (75.6%) and fair and poor grades included nine (24.3%), respectively. Four patients were diagnosed with a post-operative infection (10.8%); one out of four patients who had co-morbidity died (2.7%), and another patient underwent a replacement surgery (2.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that age and operation time were associated with MDA. In addition, operation time and ISS were significant co-factors of the Brooker grade. Conclusions: Korea University Guro Hospital showed similar treatment results of acetabular fractures compared to other publications. The age and operation time were co-factors of the clinical outcome of this fracture. Additionally, increased operation time and injury severity score were suggested to increase the Brooker grade.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

Purpose: Abdominal trauma rarely causes injuries involving duodenum. But, it is associated with higher rate of the complication and mortality than other abdominal injuries. There are many options for the management of duodenal injuries. Herein we are to review our experiences and find out the risk factors related to the morbidity and the mortality in traumatic duodenal injuries. Methods: The medical records of total 25 patients who managed by surgical managements and survive more than 48 hours were conducted from January 2006 to December 2012. The clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes are reviewed. Results: Among 25 patients, most of them (n=17, 68.0%) were managed by the pyloric exclusion and the gastrojejunostomy. The $3^{rd}$ portion is the most injured site (n=15, 60.0%), and the majority exhibited grade 2 severity (n=14, 56.0%). Most of patients had blunt abdominal traumas (n=23, 92.0%) so that many of them (n=14, 56.0%) had other combined abdominal injuries. The mean ISS is $11.5{\pm}6.2$. The surgery related mortality rate was 28.0%. There was no statistical significance between each factors and the mortality except leakage (p=0.012). But, we could find some trends about traumatic duodenal injuries in this study. The mortality rates of them who older than 55 years were higher than others. And, all 3 patients who delayed the operation more than 24 hours after the trauma had some complications or died. Also, the patients who had the $2^{nd}$ portion injury, grade 3 injury, or combined abdominal injury were less survived. Conclusion: Duodenal injury is related to high rate of morbidity(47.8%) and mortality(28.0%). Age, portion of injury, OIS grade, ISS>15, combined intra-abdominal operation, and trauma to operation time over 24 hrs have some trend with attribution to mortality. Especially leakage of duodenal injury is related to mortality.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was, first, to extract the risk factor by investigating several cases of accident of senile dementia patient at home, and second, based on these results to provide basic information for the determination of monitoring factor for the care of senile dementia patient. Basic and behavioral characteristics, Short form of Samsung Dementia Questionnaire (S-SDQ), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and cases of accident were investigated with 55 senile dementia patient at home (16 male, 39 female). Based on these questionnaires, risk factors were extracted and frequency, cooccurrence frequency, and occurring place of risk factors, presence or not, region, and degree of injury were investigated. Frequency between risk factors and behavioral characteristics, ADL, and S-SDQ was analyzed by crosstabulation frequency analysis. Results showed that 12 risk factors were extracted, and the frequency of 'going out' was the highest, and risk factors for injury were 'tumble', 'bump', 'slip', and 'fall'. Cooccurrence frequency analysis showed that the occurrence of 'fall', 'going out', 'fire of gas', and 'violence' with other factors was relatively higher than others. The occurring place of risk factor was the highest in home neighborhood, and the region of injury in knee, and the degree of injury with bruise. Crosstabulation frequency analysis showed that factors which had difference in frequency of risk factor were behavioral disorder, disorder of daily living and ADL. Factor which had difference in frequency due to the degree of behavioral disorder and disorder of daily living was 'going out', and factors which had difference in frequency due to the degree of ADL were 'slip' and 'fire of gas'.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.609-614
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• 2012

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause of acute hepatitis. Regarding the risk of DILI from herbal preparations, there are controversial issues such as exaggerated reports straying far from the truth and lack of discrimination between herbal drugs and folk remedies or food supplements. This study reported one case of a patient with DILI caused by Smilacis Chinae Radix and cured in an Oriental hospital. Smilacis Chinae Radix has been used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, detoxification and anticancer compound, as a folk remedy. This report would provide helpful information for management of DILI by folk remedies or herbal drugs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2003

Phenypropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathetic amine used in over-the-counter cold remedies and weight-control preparations. The side effects are hypertension, dysrhythmias, stroke, etc. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to remove PPA from all drug products and has requested that all drug companies discontinue marketing products containg PPA due to high risk of hemorrhage stroke. But, in Korea now, patinets take products containg PPA with over the counter. We report here the case of PPA induced myocardial injury in a young woman who takes overdose for suicide.