• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.190-195
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• 2008

Surge proof equipment is an installation to make surge flow on the ground promptly so as to reduce surge-related damage on infrastructure, not to prevent surge from falling down on infrastructure directly. Compared with classical line individual earth, High speed line common earth has higher surge characteristic and plays a significant role to prevent infrastructure damage and injuries from surge, or short circuit accident between 25kV catenary and rail. In this paper, we analyzed the case of accident that caused communication/signaling system impaired while a tractor crossing level crossing at Honam line; in addition, we examined the accident reduction measures to minimize injury and property damage from cutting accidents with respect to common earth network.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-99
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• 1994

Causalgia is a symptom complex usually consisting of burning pain, hyperesthesia and atrophy of the involved extremity. The pain may be aggravated by contact, motion of extremity or emotional excitement. It occurs following incomplete nerve injury. The patient was a 58-year-old male with a 3-year history of causalgic pain of left lower extremity. He had multiple fractures with degloving injury of left lower extremity in an automobile accident. The pain was exacerbated by movement, and he experienced knee joint and ankle joint contracture. The patient's pain decreased after continuous epidural block with 1% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine. He also received lumbar sympathetic ganglion alcohol block resulting in much improvement of level of pain and walking disturbance.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in children. Abdominal trauma is about 10 % of all pediatric trauma. This study describes the sex and age distribution, injury mechanism, site of intraabdominal injury, management and mortality of children aged 16 years or less who suffered abdominal trauma. The hospital records of 63 patients treated for abdominal injury between March 1997 and February 2007 at the department of surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. The peak age of incidence was between 2 and 10 years (78%) and this report showed male predominance(2.7:1). The most common mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma was pedestrian traffic accident (49%). The most common injured organ was liver. More than Grade IV injury of liver and spleen comprised of 4(12%) and 5(24%), respectively. Fourteen cases (22%) had multiple organ injuries. Forty nine cases (78%) were managed nonoperatively. Three patients (4.8%) died, who had Grade IV liver injury, Grade IV spleen injury, and liver and spleen injury with combined inferior vena cava injury, respectively. All of the three mortality cases had operative management. In conclusion, the liver or spleen injury which was more than Grade 4 might lead to mortality in spite of operation, although many cases could be improved by nonoperative management.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

It was a pilot study for developing an algorithm to determine the presence or absence of cervical spine injury by analyzing the severity factor of the patients in motor vehicle occupant accidents. From August 2012 to October 2016, we used the KIDAS database, called as Korean In-Depth Accident Study database, collected from three regional emergency centers. We analyzed the general characteristics with several factors. Moreover, cervical spine injury patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 for from Quebec Task Force (hereinafter 'QTF') grade 0 to 1, and group 2 for from QTF grade 2 to 4. The score was assigned according to the distribution ratio of cervical spine injured patients compared to the total injured patients, and the cut-off value was derived from the total score by summation of the assigned score of each factors. 987 patients (53.0%) had no cervical spine injuries and 874 patients (47.0%) had cervical spine injuries. QTF grade 2 was found in 171 patients (9.2%) with musculoskeletal pain, QTF grade 3 was found in 38 patients (2.0%) with spinal cord injuries, and QTF grade 4 was found in 119 patients (6.4%) with dislocation or fracture, respectively. We selected the statistically significant factors, which could be affected the cervical spine injury, like the collision direction, the seating position, the deformation extent, the vehicle type and the frontal airbag deployment. Total score, summation of the assigned each factors, 10 was presented as a cut-off value to determine the cervical spine injury. In this study, it was meaningful as a pilot study to develop algorithms by selecting limited influence factors and proposing cut-off value to determine cervical spine injury. However, since the number of data samples was too small, additional data collection and influencing factor analysis should be performed to develop a more delicate algorithm.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking system), a system in which vehicles automatically recognize forward objects or pedestrians and actively brake when forward collisions are expected, has been mandated by NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) for all vehicles sell in the United States since 2022, and AEB research is also actively underway in korea. In this study, it can be confirmed that the passenger injury is reduced according to the AEB detection distance when it is assumed that the AEB is mounted in the actual event generated from KIDAS (Korea New Car Assessment Program) data through various analysis programs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 1991

Recently the thoracic injuries have been markedly increasing due to the vast increase of traffic accident, industrial disaster, and incidental accident as well as the frequent use of the murderous weapons including gun or rifle. Because the thoracic injuries could involve the heart, lung, and great vessels, and would influence the lives, prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential. Most of thoracic injuries can be managed with the conservative treatment and simple surgical procedure such as closed thoracostomy, but certain cases require open thoracotomy to preserve lives and to return to their normal environment. The authors have analysed the result of 53 cases of open thoracotomy after thoracic injuries mainly according to the patient`s chart review. The mean age was 33.4 years old and male to female ratio was about 5: l. Injury mechanisms that elicited thoracic trauma indicated for open thoracotomy were penetrating[47%] and non-penetrating[53%] injuries. The Most common type of the thoracic lesion was hemothorax with or without pneumothorax and diaphragm rupture was the second. 58\ulcornero of thoracic injuries were accompanied by abdominal injuries and 47% by bone fractures. 34 patients were operated within 24 hours after injury and their average elapsed time was 13.6 hour. The remained patients were operated after 24 hours and their average elapsed time was 7.8 days. 71 cases of operative procedures containing some overlappings were performed: diaphragm repair[28], bleeding control[12], pulmonary and cardiac repair[4 cases] Postoperative complication rate was 32.1% and operative mortality rate was 9.4%[5/53].

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

We have reviewed 2.876 patients who visited the emergency room from May, 1996 to september, 1996 in order to look for a more appropriate management of the emergency medical system. The result were summarized as followings; 1. Considering sexual distribution, male patients were 59.6% more than female patients 40.4% and according to age categories, first decade of life was most frequent. 2. Distribution according to ca use is most common for the disease 79.8%, and next injury and traffic accident is 11.6%, 6.8%, respectively. 3. According to the department distribution, pediatrics accounted for 37.4%, internal medicine 21.1%, and emergency medicine 10.0%, and these three departments was 66.3% of total number of patients. 4. 67.0% of patients visited emergency room were discharged. Arrived time in emergency room, patients of 41.9% was visited from 17 to 1 hours. 5. Among 196 patients of traffic accident, 160 were male(81.5%) and 36 were female (18.5%). Distribution of the age is most common in 3rd and 4th decade for 63.2%, and region of injury were face 33.3%, head 22.2%, and chest 22.2% and follow-up measures after visiting emergency room is most common transfer hospital 40.8%.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 2012

A 30-year-old, male truck driver had a traffic accident and visited a hospital due to left hip pain. The patient's femoral head was fractured, and he was treated conservatively. For 14 years afterwards, he walked without a limp, had no pain, and drove his truck. He was involved in another traffic accident and experienced a comminuted fracture of the left distal femur 14 years after the initial injury. Although he was symptom-free, while being treated by open reduction and internal fixation for the distal femur fracture, he was concerned about the status of his left femoral head. Pelvis radiographs and reconstructed CT images were done, and they showed a spur change around the femoral head which had a dense sclerotic band within and revealed a slight depression of subchondral bone of the medial portion of the femoral head. The diagnosis was a Pipkin type-II fracture of the femoral head.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.182-185
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• 1998

Recently, The non-penetrating injury of bronchus has been increased, especially by traffic accident. Early diagnosis and primary repair of bronchial injury not only restore normal lung function but also avoid the difficulties and complications associated with delayed diagnosis and repair. This report describes about a case of total collapse and consolidation of left lung with the complete transection of nearly bifurcated portion of left main bronchus , lasted for 2weeks after traffic accident. This was diagnosed by fiberbronchoscopy and 3-D chest computed tomography(CT). She underwent the sleeve resection and end to end anastomosis, and postoperative PEEP for 2 days, suctioning twice by fiberbronchoscopy, continue postural drainge and physiotherapy were applied. She had almost full expansion of the left lung at discharge.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2013

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the current status of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in the construction industry and the effect of OHSMS on accident rates. Differences of awareness levels on safety issues among site general managers and occupational health and safety (OHS) managers are identified through surveys. Methods: The accident rates for the OHSMS-certified construction companies from 2006 to 2011, when the construction OHSMS became widely available, were analyzed to understand the effect of OHSMS on the work-related injury rates in the construction industry. The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency 18001 is the certification to these companies performing OHSMS in South Korea. The questionnaire was created to analyze the differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers of construction companies. Results: The implementation of OHSMS among the top 100 construction companies in South Korea shows that the accident rate decreased by 67% and the fatal accident rate decreased by 10.3% during the period from 2006 to 2011. The survey in this study shows different OHSMS awareness levels between site general managers and OHS managers. The differences were motivation for developing OHSMS, external support needed for implementing OHSMS, problems and effectiveness of implementing OHSMS. Conclusion: Both work-related accident and fatal accident rates were found to be significantly reduced by implementing OHSMS in this study. The differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers were identified through a survey. The effect of these differences on safety and other benefits warrants further research with proper data collection.