• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 1997

Nowadays according to the complexity of our daily life due to the development of industry and transportation various kinds of injuries happen. Since 1993 the death rate among 5-14 age children by injuries amount to about 57%. Furthermore, the injury of children can give a direct damage to their own family and it can also bring a serious loss to the country as well as the community where they live in accord with degree of an injury. From this reason, the importance of safety education has been increasing. In this study, it is aimed to clarify the effect of injury preventive behaviors on injury incidence of the 6th grade students in the elementary school. This study is accomplished by the survey sampled from 9 elementary schools in seoul, each of which belong to different district. The survey took for 15 days from the date of september 10th 1996 to september 25th 1996 and the results were as follows; 1. For demographic characteristic, sexual distribution was 48.7% of male students and 47.1% of female students. The required time from home to school was 10-19 minutes(51.8%), and the most way of their going to school is to walk(89.7%). Mothers who graduated from high school were 46.6% and 49.4% of fathers were above university graduated level. The most vocation of mothers was housewife as 56.7%. 2. The results of analysis on the injury rates, 75.8% of children experienced more than one injury and the most was play injury. With regards to sites where injuries happened, the room, the kitchen, and the living room in the house ranked first(38.3%) and then injuries at school such as on the playground, in the classroom, and on the stairs was 34.1%. 3. Considering the rate of injury incidence in accordance with demographic characteristics, male students experienced more injuries than female students(p〈0.05). For the way from home to school, children who went to school by bicycle experienced the most injuries and then on foot, by bus in order of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.05). 4. From the comparison of parents' safety education practice and the injury incidence, the less often parents practice safety education, the more often children experience injuries(p〈0.05). 5. The results of analysis on the effect of injury preventive behaviors on accidents children who didn't act injury preventive behaviors experienced much more injuries than those who did injury preventive behaviors of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.01). 6. From the results of analysis of factors effecting on the elementary school children's injuries, children without injury preventive behaviors had more effect on accidents than those who had injury preventive behaviors as odds ratio 2.06(p〈0.01), and the odds ratio of male students compared with female students was 1.47(p〈0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.545-553
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyse consumer injury and to find current status of industrial consumer injury in the field of consumer product. Also the subject under analysis is to develop a design guidance for the consumer product safety. we used consulting data of Korea Consumer Protection Board, Korea Product Liability Consulting Center and referred to statistic data of Korea National Statistical Office. Consumer injury data of Korea is insufficient comparing with leading industrialized nations. Therefore, we categorized hazard factors based on current injury data in Korea instead of analysing injury data statistically. And we analyse the hazard factors using the analytic hierarchy process in this study. Through the results, we defined the Consumer Injury Index(CII) to develop a design guidance for the consumer product safety.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.760-765
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• 1989

Cardiac injury remains one of the most spectacular injuries which the present day cardiac surgeon is called upon to treat. Eight consecutive patients with penetrating or blunt injury to the heart underwent operation at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Masan Koryo General Hospital from April 22 88 to April 6 89. l. Among the 8 cases of cardiac injured patients, 7 cases were penetrating injury [stab injury] and one case was blunt injury [traffic accident]. 2. The site of cardiac injury was LV mainly and the next RV, SVC-RA junction in order. 3. The all patients were admitted to our hospital via ER and most of cases, CVP was elevated above 15 cmH2O and 7 of 8 cases were shock state. 4. In 6 of 8 cases revealed cardiomegaly in simple chest X * ray. 5. 7 cases were operated through the median sternotomy, 1 case the right anterolateral thoracotomy. 6. Associated injuries in penetrating cardiac injury were hemothorax, pneumothorax, sternal fracture, lung laceration, LAD transaction in blunt injury, hemoperitoneum.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to verify traffic accident injury severity factors for elderly drivers and the relative relationship of these factors. METHODS : To verify the complicated relationship among traffic accident injury severity factors, this study employed a structural equation model (SEM). To develop the SEM structure, only the severity of human injuries was considered; moreover, the observed variables were selected through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The number of fatalities, serious injuries, moderate injuries, and minor injuries were selected for observed variables of severity. For latent variables, the accident situation, environment, and vehicle and driver factors were respectively defined. Seven observed variables were selected among the latent variables. RESULTS : This study showed that the vehicle and driver factor was the most influential factor for accident severity among the latent factors. For the observed variable, the type of vehicle, type of accident, and status of day or night for each latent variable were the most relative observed variables for the accident severity factor. To verify the validity of the SEM, several model fitting methods, including ${\chi}^2/df$, GFI, AGFI, CFI, and others, were applied, and the model produced meaningful results. CONCLUSIONS : Based on an analysis of results of traffic accident injury severity for elderly drivers, the vehicle and driver factor was the most influential one for injury severity. Therefore, education tailored to elderly drivers is needed to improve driving behavior of elderly driver.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed to provide the basic data for establishing countermeasures for preventing injury by analyzing the incidence rates, the risk factors, the characteristics of the injury and the utilization of medical care for mild injury that lasted for two weeks. Methods: We examined the injury survey data among the National Health and Nutrition Survey data. The definition of mild injury that lasted for two weeks was that the injury that caused pain at least once a day for two weeks or the injury for which the usual daily activity of the injured person was severely affected. We used statistical analysis methods such as chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence rate of injury that lasted for two weeks was 4.7 per 1,000 persons. On the multiple logistic regression, the children and adolescents (OR=3.80, 95%CI=1.63-8.84) had higher rates of injuries than the adults, and the middle and high school (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.31-0.85) and college(OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.17-0.68) students had lower rates of injuries than the elementary school students. The unemployed (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.20-0.73) and others (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.21-0,70) had lower rates of injuries than the blue collar workers. The major causes of injuries were found to be falling and slipping, and the most prevalent place of occurrence was near or at home. Conclusions: A prevention program needs to be developed and continuous education must be offered to the children, adolescents and blue collar workers.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to assess the clinical significance of traumatic brain stem injury (TBSI) reflected on Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) by various clinical variables. Methods : A total of 136 TBSI patients were selected out of 2695 head-injured patients. All initial computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging studies were retrospectively analyzed according to demographic- and injury variables which result in GCS and GOS. Results : In univariate analysis, mode of injury showed a significant effect on combined injury (p<0.001), as were the cases with skull fracture on radiologic finding (p<0.000). The GCS showed a various correlation with radiologic finding (p<0.000), mode of injury (p<0.002), but less favorably with impact site (p<0.052), age (p<0.054) and skull fracture (p<0.057), in order of statistical significances. However, only GOS showed a definite correlation to radiologic finding (p<0.000). In multivariate analysis, the individual variables to enhance an unfavorable effect on GCS were radiologic finding [odds ratio (OR) 7.327, 95% confidence interval (CI)], mode of injury (OR; 4.499, 95% CI) and age (OR; 3.141, 95% CI). Those which influence an unfavorable effect on GOS were radiologic finding (OR; 25.420, 95% CI) and age (OR; 2.674, 95% CI). Conclusion : In evaluation of TBSI on outcome, the variables such as radiological finding, mode of injury, and age were revealed as three important ones to have an unfavorable effect on early stage outcome expressed as GCS. However, mode of injury was shown not to have an unfavorable effect on late stage outcome as GOS. Among all unfavorable variables, radiological finding was confirmed as the only powerful prognostic variable both on GCS and GOS.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2010

Purpose: Controversy exists regarding whether pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients with microscopic hematuria should undergo radiographic evaluation. Adult patients have indications such as shock and deceleration injury. This study was conducted to suggest indications for the use of CT to detect significant renal injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients with microscopic hematuria. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2009, patients less than 18 years of age with blunt abdominal trauma and microscopic hematuria who had undergone CT were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the correlation between microscopic hematuria, shock, deceleration injury, and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury grade. Patients were divided into two groups: the insignificant renal injury group (AAST grade 1) and the significant renal injury group (AAST grades 2-5). We compared age, gender, mechanism of injury, degree of microscopic hematuria, evidence of shock, presence of deceleration injury, and associated injuries between the two groups. We analyzed the effect of each of the above each factors on renal injury by using a logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty-three children were included, and the median age was 15 years. Five children had a significant renal injury. No significant differences, except age and microscopic hematuria (more than 30 red blood cells per high power field (RBC/HPF), p = 0.005) existed between the insignificant and the significant injury groups. A positive correlation existed between renal injury and microscopic hematuria (rho = 0.406, p = 0.007), but renal injury was not correlated with shock and deceleration injury. In the multivariate regression analysis, microscopic hematuria was the only factor correlated with renal injury (p = 0.042). Conclusion: If a microscopic hematuria of more than 30 RBC/HPF exists, the use of CT should be considerd, regardless of shock and deceleration injury to detect significant renal injury in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.132-136
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• 2014

Recently supporting policy of government for agricultural is changing from individual to workplace. For this reason, the number of industrial injury is increasing due to increase workplace in the agriculture. However, because the studies on the characteristics and causes of injury have not been performed, the effective measure for the prevention of industrial injury is difficult to establish. The aim of this study is to analyze the industrial injury characteristic and prepare the effective counterplan to prevent industrial injury of the workplace in the agriculture. This study analyzed 2,970 cases of industrial injury during the last five years (2008-2012) in the agriculture sector. The data was offered by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The results of analysis the industrial injury characteristic of the workplace in the agriculture, number of industrial injury for source of industrial injury was 12.3% in the outdoor floor and injury type was 23.1% in the fall. This study analyzed industrial injury characteristic which size and type of workplace, injury type and source of industrial injury through the case of industrial injury in agriculture. The result of this study will be helpful to identify the industrial injury characteristic in the agriculture and prepares the effective industrial injury prevention method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.3 s.75
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Injury Ratio Survey Regulations(IRS) was introduced to the construction industry in the Republic of Korea since 1992 and brought positive effect on occupational accidents reduction. There were tremendous decrease of injury ratios and enforcing of contractors' safety organizations from the beginning of IRS. In spite of these positive results, there were some negative effects such as contractors' shrinking injury reports to keep good injury ratios since these figures had a great impact on pre-qualification stage of bidding when general contractors were competing for new construction projects. Thus, this study aims to devote on lessening construction injury and elimination of above negative impacts through the quantitative statistic analysis of the effectiveness on the occupational accidents prevention of IRS. According to this assessment, there were decrease of from 6.37% to 44.34% in the accident ratios compared to those of non-IRS groups and decrease of from 3.32% to 83.51 % in the accident ratios compared to those of general industry including the unreported accidents.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.124-128
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the treatment outcomes and prognosis of Lisfranc joint fracture and dislocation according to the mechanism of injury and treatment method. Materials and Methods: Twenty six patients with Lisfranc fracture-dislocation who had been treated surgically were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups according to mechanism of injury: direct crushing injury (16 patients) and indirect rotational or compressive injury (10 patients). The patients were also divided into three groups according to the surgical methods. The parameters used were radiographic evaluation, patients' subjective satisfaction levels, length of hospital stay, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The mean postoperative AOFAS midfoot score was 78.7. The mean length of stay was 39.6 days. Statistically significant differences in subjective satisfaction, AOFAS midfoot score, and length of hospital stay were observed between the two groups (p<0.05). However, no significance differences were observed between the three groups who were divided according to the different surgical methods (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mechanism of trauma and the severity of soft-tissue injury were significant prognostic factors affecting the surgical outcomes of Lisfranc joint fracture and dislocation.