• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.355-373
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• 1999

Many researches have been reported that collagen as cellular stroma, matrix of grafting materials, mediator of agents for the purpose of promoting healing process invivo, but the responses in vivo were seen various. The goal of this experiment is to assess the effect of collagen on bony healing, through histological evaluation of implanted collagen on the calvarial defect in rats. 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley, 24 rats were used and 12 rats assigned to each group of control and test. Defect of 5mm in diameter was made on the calvarial bone with trephine bur. Following thorough saline rinse, defect of control group was left in empty and that of experimental group was filled with fibrillar collagen($COLLATAPE^{(R)}$, COLLA-TEC. INC. U.S.A.) soaked in saline. 3 rats in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after operation respectively, and the tissue blocks were prepared for light microscope with H-E for evaluation of overall healing, with TRAP(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase) for evaluation of osteoclastic activity and with immunohistochemical staining for macrophages. The results were as follows : 1. In the control group, inflammatory responses were disappeared at day 14, but, in the experimental group inflammatory infiltrates were reduced at day 21. Thus, the experimental group showed more severe soft tissue inflammation than control group. 2. Both control and experimental group showed slight appositional growth at day 7 and gradual bony growth to 21th day. But, complete bony healing of the defect was not shown. There was no significant difference in bony healing between control and experimental group 3. Specific response of macrophages for implanted collagen was observed at day 14 in the experimental group. In conclusion, although fibrillar collagen caused inflammation of soft tissue during initial healing period, inflammatory responses by fibrillar collagen didn't inhibit bony regeneration and implanted collagen was biodegradaded by macrophages. Thus, we expect that fibrillar collagen can be used for useful mediator of graft materials or growth factors.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2015

Aesthetic impression is emphasized in the recent field of implant restoration. However, there is limitation of creating proper shape of soft tissue as well as cervical emergence profile due to the use of pre-existing healing abutment in the process of initial post-operative soft tissue healing period. Designing the shape of abutment into the final customized abutment instead of its original shape helped to achieve more aesthetic implant restoration by applying healing abutment which could minimize the malposition and recession of soft tissue. In this study, soft tissue healing was promoted using the post-operative customized healing abutment and thereby obtained the result of more aesthetic and functional restoration by minimizing displacement of soft tissue in the process of applying final customized abutment.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.27.1-27.13
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• 2021

Background: Ozone is an antimicrobial agent that in experimental and case-control studies has been found to exert a positive effect on wound healing. Wild and pet chelonians frequently present insidious wounds exhibiting secondary infections and/or delayed healing. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of topical ozonated sunflower oil on second-intention healing of acute experimental skin wounds in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). Methods: Randomised within-subject controlled study; Group 1 (n = 24) was used to assess clinical healing features; Group 2 (n = 12) was used for histological evaluation in which two sets of wounds were biopsied at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days over the course of the cicatrisation process. A single 6 mm diameter wound was made on each rear limb and topical ozonated (950 peroxide value) and non-ozonated sunflower oil were applied daily for one week on treated and contralateral control wounds, respectively. Results: Mean wound size was significantly lower in the ozone-treated group at day 28 (p < 0.0001) with differences of clinical relevance (74.04% vs. 93.05% reduction of initial wound size). Histologically, the acute inflammatory reaction was enhanced in treated wounds, with significantly higher numbers of heterophils (p = 0.0016), lymphocytes (p < 0.001) and fibroblasts (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Daily topical application of ozonated sunflower oil over the course of one week improved the healing of acute, full-thickness skin wounds in chelonians. This clinical outcome was histologically correlated with an enhanced acute inflammatory reaction, as well as the production and remodelling of collagen fibres.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to compare assessments of the healing of periapical endodontic surgery using conventional radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This review of clinical studies was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. All articles published from 1990 to March 2020 pertaining to clinical and radiographic healing assessments after endodontic surgery using conventional radiography and CBCT were included. The question was "healing assessment of endodontic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography." The review was conducted by manual searching, as well as undertaking a review of electronic literature databases, including PubMed and Scopus. The studies included compared radiographic and CBCT assessments of periapical healing after periapical endodontic surgery. Results: The initial search retrieved 372 articles. The titles and abstracts of these articles were read, leading to the selection of 73 articles for full-text analysis. After the eligibility criteria were applied, 11 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative analysis. The majority of studies found that CBCT enabled better assessments of healing than conventional radiography, suggesting higher efficacy of CBCT for correct diagnosis and treatment planning. A risk of bias assessment was done for 10 studies, which fell into the low to moderate risk categories. Conclusion: Three-dimensional radiography provides an overall better assessment of healing, which is imperative for correct diagnosis and treatment planning.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the factors affecting healing of Stage 2 pressure ulcer in an acute care facility in Korea. Methods: 286 Stage 2 pressure ulcers of 145 patients were examined. Data were collected in the period between October $1^{st}$, 2006 and September $30^{th}$, 2007. Data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for cumulative recovery rate of Stage 2 pressure ulcers. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine effects of multiple variables simultaneously. Results: Out of 286 initial Stage 2 pressure ulcers, 204 (71.3%) pressure ulcers healed completely. The median time to heal was 15 days according to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox proportional hazard model showed that the Stage 2 pressure ulcers healed more quickly when pressure redistribution surfaces were used (p<.001, HR=2.184), patients were administered with vitamins (p= .038, HR=1.451), and the size of the pressure ulcers were small (${\leq}3.0cm^2$, p= .006, HR=1.765). Conclusion: The factors contributing to the healing of Stage 2 pressure ulcer in an acute care setting were the application of pressure redistribution surface, small ulcer size (${\leq}3.0cm^2$), and the administration of vitamins.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.497-507
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• 2000

This study was performed to understanding on guidelines for using therapeutic modalities according to injury phases of soft tissue. Clinical decisions on how and when therapeutic modalities may be used should be based on recognition of signs and symptoms. as well as some awareness of the time frames associated with the various phases of the Healing process. The physical therapist must have a sound understanding of that process in terms of the sequence of the various process of healing stage. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Once an acute injury has occured, the healing process consists of the imflammatory response phase, the fibroblastic-repair phase, and the maturation-remodeling phase and can impede by various pathologic factors. 2. Modality use in the initial acute injury phase and the inflammatory response phase should be directed toward limiting the amount of swelling and reducing pain. 3. Modality use in the Fibroblastic repair phase may be change from cold to heat. The purpose of heat is to increase circulation to the injured area to promote healing. 4. During the Maturation-Remodeling phase, some type of heating modalities, ultrasound, or short wave and microwave diathermy should be used to increase circulation to the deeper tissue. In this phases, physical therapists must control training and conditioning habits to allow the injury to heal sufficiently.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.357-369
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• 2001

In this present study, the healing process and the recurrence of pigmentation were evaluated clinically and histologically in accordance with the extent and the range of pigmentation after phenol was applied to remove melanin pigmentation in gingiva. Six mongrel dogs were used. The melanin pigmentation in canine gingiva were classified into slight, moderate and severe according to the extent of pigmentation and divided into local and diffuse types according to the range. Following general and local anesthesia, 90% phenol was applied to the pigmented gingiva of the subjects with small cotton balls until the surface was etched to be whitish and was neutralized with small cotton balls soaked by 95% alcohol. The contralateral pigmented gingiva to the one treated with phenol, was treated by surgical deepithelialization. At 1, 3 and 8 weeks, the treated gingiva was examined clinically and evaluated histologically following H-E stain, and HMB 45 stain for melanocyte after biopsy. In the phenol treated sites, epithelium and connective tissue healed normally and there was no pigmentation at 1 week. At 3 weeks of healing, melanin repigmentation was observed in the severe local type and moderate to severe diffuse type. In the surgically deepithelialized sites, healing was delayed, compared to phenol treated sites and the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and congestion in connective tissue was shown at 1 week. At 3 weeks, healing was completed and there was a partial melanin repigmentation. At 8 weeks of healing, the extent and the range of repigmentation were increased in both group according to the extent or range priot to depigmentation procedure. These results suggpriorest that the removal of melanin pigmentation with 90% phenol application result in normal healing process of gingiva. However, in the severe local type and moderate to severe diffuse type, sites treated with phenol showed repigmentation at 3 week, which was earlier than surgical deepithelialized sites. Therefore it is required to select appropriate method according to initial condition of pigmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.561-568
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• 2022

In this study, the mechanical properties and self-healing performance of cement mortar containing clinker binder, calcium sulfoaluminate(CSA), and sodium sulfate(Na₂SO₄) were evaluated. The mechanical properties of cement mortar were investigated by measuring compressive strength and flexural strength, and the healing performance was evaluated through hydrostatic water permeability test and gas diffusion test. In addition, the healing products precipitated in the cracks were visually observed through an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope(SEM). As a result, the incorporation of the clinker binder-based inorganic additives improved the initial and 28-day strength by about 20 %. Depending on the healing performance evaluation method, there was a difference in the healing rate, and the healing rate showed a tendency to be underestimated. Nevertheless, CaCO₃ was precipitated as the main healing product inside the 0.3 mm crack when the inorganic additives were mixed with cement mortar, improving the self-healing performance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1999

A fibrin adhesive have been widely used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for microvascular anastomosis, autogenous chip bone grafts, many kinds of soft tissue surgery (vestibuloplasty, bleeding control after extraction, primary healing by covering of suture of a gum after the extirpation of large cysts). There are two principal components in adhesive systems biologically: lyophilized human fibrinogen and bovine thrombin. The fibrinogen component contains coagulation factor XIII and enhance the initial wound healing, which polymerizes soluble fibrin monomers into an insoluble clot. The thrombin is dissolved in a solution of calcium chloride to provide the second component. We applied fibrin adhesive, Beriplast (Behring, Behringwerke AG, D-3350, Marburg, FRD), to 4 patients for fixation of free skin grafting donors who had facial scar around eye, nose, mouth corner which received from accidents, or burn. We have experienced initial accelerated graft fixation between donor and recipient sites with no additional fixation. And It's made easy bleeding control and easy manipulation during operation. But two cases showed partial hypertrophic scar engrowth in above 3 months follow up, but no significant. Histopathological reviews in general were showed similar scar findings such as abundant collagen bundles in H&E, M/T stain, but slight positive signs in elastic and collagen antibody immunopathologic findings in hypertrophic scar cases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.253-263
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• 2006

Purpose: Recently, dental implant systems have been widely used for the treatment of the extraction site, but we have been confronted with many limitations in esthetics, phonetics and function. Transitional implants(TI) were developed as a method of providing fixed provisional restorations during conventional implant healing. Until now, little data have been provided on korean transitional implants. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implant placement site histologically after 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Materials and Methods : Test group( IntermetzzoTM MEGAGEN, KOREA) and control group(Mini Drive Lock, Intra Rock, U.S.A.) were immediately placed in interseptal or interproximal bone of beagle dog after mandibular premolars extraction, and had a healing period with non-submerged state but without loading, Both TI surfaces were composed of rough surfaces. Results: In the test group, the average percentage of BIC were respectively 39.40%(SD7.35) after 4 weeks and 44.05%(16.76) after 8 weeks, and In the control group were 50.75%(1.48) and 59.40%(0.00). Discussion: We evaluated the initial ability of the osseointegration of TI through this study. Because TI is placed with a conventional implant simultaneously and loaded immediately, the ability of osseointegration is a very important factor for the success of TI during the initial healing phase. Conclusion: The results of the histological evaluation of these two groups were similar to those mentioned in other studies for osseointegration of implant.