• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

Since callus distraction technique was applied clinically for the correction of dentofacial deformity to the patients with hemifacial dysplasia by McCarthy in 1992, many surgeons have tried to apply this method to the maxillofacial region. But this technique has some drawbacks. One of the disadvantages of this technique is extensive scar formation in the facial area, which is a sequelae of extraoral approach for supraperiosteal dissection of the periosteum overlying the mandible. Recently, we have made an effort to perform this technique through intraoral approaches to prevent scar formation on the submandibular area and modified the design of the osteotomy, that is step osteotomy technique, to increase the raw bone surface on both osteotomized segments. The rationale for the application of this step osteotomy technique is to increase the amount of regenerated bone and the length of distraction, to avoid damage of inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle, and to increase initial stability of the splitted segments. Step osteotomy procedure can be done with fine micro-osteotomy saw through subperiosteal tunneling. Extraoral pins should be inserted before making the osteotomy. Since 1994 we have applied this technique at 8 sites In 5 patients with mandibular deficiencies: 2 cases of hemifacial microsomia, 1 case of developmental facial asymmetry and 2 cases of mandibular bony defect. Mandibular elongation have been achieved from 12 to 20mm in length. 1 out of 8 site, we experienced non-union in the case of mandibular body defect. Some skeletal relapse and growth retardation phenomenon have been observed in some cases with the longest follow-up of 48 months.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권12C호
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• pp.1232-1239
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• 2006

MPEG-1/2/4, H.264/AVC와 같은 영상압축표준에서 사용되는 부호화 기술 중 움직임 추정 및 보상은 부호기의 복잡도에 가장 큰 영향을 끼친다. 영상 코덱에서 일반적으로 사용되는 전역탐색(Full Search) 방식은 최적의 정합블록을 찾기 위해 탐색 영역내의 모든 위치에서 SAD값을 비교하기 때문에 부호화 시간을 다량으로 소비하게 된다. 이런 문제를 개선하기 위해 초기에는 TSS, NTSS, DS, HEXBS 등 다양한 형태의 탐색 패턴을 활용한 고속 움직임 탐색 기법들이 개발되었고, 이후에는 움직임 벡터의 시 공간적 상관도를 이용한 DS기반의 MVFAST, PMVFAST, MAS, FAME 등이 개발되었다. 하지만 부정확한 움직임 벡터 탐색으로 인해 화질이 열화되는 문제와 알고리즘의 복잡도가 높아지는 문제는 여전히 해결해야 할 과제로 남아있다. 본 논문에서는 움직임 벡터 탐색시작점을 보다 정확히 결정하고, 각 프레임들의 움직임 특성을 고려한 단순화된 일차원 탐색 패턴들을 사용하여 탐색속도를 극대화하고 화질열화를 최소화시키는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is the most common complaint with complex etiological and pathophysiological factors on the lateral side of elbow. Taping techniques commonly used for lateral epicondylitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mobilization with movement taping and diamond taping on the pain, grip strength and functional activity in patients with lateral epicondylitis Methods: Twenty patients with lateral epicondylitis (mobilization with movement taping group: n=10, diamond taping group: n=10) were recruited. They were evaluated pre-treatment, after 1weeks, and after 3weeks, using visual analog scale, pain free grip strength test, patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation. Results: Analysis showed statistcally significant improvement in all time in both groups. and The mean improvement in pre-1weeks visual analog scale was significantly greater in the Diamond taping group than that in the mobilization with movement taping group. and the mean improvement in pre-1weeks pain free grip strength test was significantly greater in the mobilization with movement taping than that in the diamond taping group. Conclusion: Taping technique to patients with lateral epicondylitis can help improve pain, grip strength, functional activity and initial taping technique can be selected depending on the patient's condition and the desired goal.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.574-583
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• 2006

Statement of problem : The use of permanent magnetics is increasing in implant dentistry. Purpose : This study is to know the effect of permanent magnetics on bone matrix formation of osteoblasts. Materials and methods : The konus abutment-shaped permanent magnetics were connected to the implant fixture, and placed on the culture plate. The osteoblast-like cell Mc3T3E1 were used for cell culture. As the control group, the implants were connected to titanium healing caps, and cultured in the same conditions of experimental group. After 3. 7, 14 days, cells were cultured, and we measured and compared the amount of collagen type I, osteocalcin, which is bone matrix protein by Western immunoblotting analysis. Results: As a result of Western immunoblotting analysis for estimating the amount of bone extracellular matrix, there was no difference between osteoblast of the experimental group and the control group during 3 and 7day-osteoblast culturing. However when cells were cultured for 14days, the amount of bone extracellular matrix was increased, on the experimental group. Conclusion: From these results, magnetic field of permanent magnetics might have effect on bone formation of osteoblast, especially at initial stage of implant placement. Therefore, their clinical application for implant or bone graft could be possible.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2002

Purpose : Cubitus varus deformity has been reported to cause ulnar neuropathy. We present five cases of tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to cubitus vus and analyzed the factors related to the nerve plasy caused by the deformity. Materials and Methods : Three men and two women were reviewed retrospectively and the mean age of the patients were 26 (range, 14-38). The average interval from initial fracture to nerve palsy was 19 years (8-32 years). The severity of symptoms, according to McGowan's classification, was grade I of 2 patients, grade Ⅱ of 3 patients. Carrying angle was an average of 18。 (30° -45° ). Internal rotation angle measured by Yamamoto's method was an average of 33° (30° -45° ). Results ㆍ The mean follow-up period was 53 months (35-70 months). Elbow pain and numbness of the fingers were relieved shortly after surgery. It revealed that anterior subluxation of the nerve due to internal rotation deformity and compression of the nerve between the medially shifted medial head of triceps and the medial epicondyle. Conclusion : The major entrapment point of the nerve is the fibrous band between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris. The severe internal rotation deformity may contribute the cause of tardy ulnar nerve palsy in cubitus varus deformity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2011

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically presents as a monophasic disorder associated with multifocal neurologic symptoms and encephalopathy. ADEM is considered an autoimmune disorder that is triggered by an environmental stimulus in genetically susceptible individuals. The diagnosis of ADEM is based on clinical and radiological features. Most children with ADEM initially present with fever, meningeal signs, and acute encephalopathy. The level of consciousness ranges from lethargy to frank coma. Deep and subcortical white-matter lesions and gray-matter lesions such as thalami and basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with ADEM. In a child who presents with signs of encephalitis, bacterial and viral meningitis or encephalitis must be ruled out. Sequential MRI is required to confirm the diagnosis of ADEM, as relapses with the appearance of new lesions on MRI may suggest either multiphasic ADEM or multiple sclerosis (MS). Pediatric MS, defined as onset of MS before the age of 16, is being increasingly recognized. MS is characterized by recurrent episodes of demyelination in the CNS separated in space and time. The McDonald criteria for diagnosis of MS include evidence from MRI and allow the clinician to make a diagnosis of clinically definite MS on the basis of the interval preceding the development of new white matter lesions, even in the absence of new clinical findings. The most important alternative diagnosis to MS is ADEM. At the initial presentation, the 2 disorders cannot be distinguished with certainty. Therefore, prolonged follow-up is needed to establish a diagnosis.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2008

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is very interesting power source due to high power density, simple construction and operation at low temperature. But it has problems such as high cost, improvement of performance, effect of temperature and initial start at low temperature. These problems can be approached to be solved by using experiment and mathematical method which are general principles for analysis and optimization of control system for heat and hydrogen detecting management. In this paper, insulation vessel and control system for stable operation of fuel cell at low temperature were developed for experiment. The constant temperature capability and the heating time at sub-zero temperatures with insulation control system were studied by using a heating bar of 60W class. PEMFC stack which was made by 4 cells with $50\;mc^2$ active area in each cell is a thermal source. Times which take to reach constant temperature by the state of insulation vacuum were measured at variable environment temperatures. The test was performed at two conditions: heating mode and cooling mode. Constant temperature capability was better at lower environment temperature and vacuum pressure. The results of this experiment could be used as basis data about stable operation of fuel cell stack in low temperature zone.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the use of a radiopaque tissue fiducial marker (TFM) in the treatment of prostate cancer patients who undergo post-prostatectomy radiotherapy (PPRT). TFM safety, its role and benefit in quantifying the set-up uncertainties in patients undergoing PPRT image-guided radiotherapy were assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 consecutive PPRT patients underwent transperineal implantation of TFM at the level of vesicourethral anastomosis in the retrovesical tissue prior to intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Prostate bed motion was calculated by measuring the position of the TFM relative to the pelvic bony anatomy on daily cone-beam computed tomography. The stability and visibility of the TFM were assessed in the initial 10 patients. Results: No postoperative complications were recorded. A total of 3,500 images were analysed. The calculated prostate bed motion for bony landmark matching relative to TFM were 2.25 mm in the left-right, 5.89 mm in the superior-inferior, and 6.59 mm in the anterior-posterior directions. A significant 36% reduction in the mean volume of rectum receiving 70 Gy (rV₇₀) was achieved for a uniform planning target volume (PTV) margin of 7 mm compared with the Australian and New Zealand Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito-Urinary Group recommended PTV margin of 10 mm. Conclusion: The use of TFM was safe and can potentially eliminate set-up errors associated with bony landmark matching, thereby allowing for tighter PTV margins and a consequent favourable reduction in dose delivered to the bladder and rectum, with potential improvements in toxicities.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.431-435
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• 2019

Chlorine dioxide is an effective chemical to inhibit the growth of bacteria and viruses or to disinfect infected areas. In this study, the effects of chlorine dioxide on several bacteria in hospitals were analyzed. Alloiococcus otitis, Kocuria rosea, Leuconostoc mesenteroides spp. and Staphylococcus lentus as gram-positive bacteria and Acinetobacter lwoffii, Aeromonas salmonicida, Brucella melitensis, Oligella ureolytica as gram-negative bacteria were done for the inhibitory analysis. The growth and morphology of the bacteria were analyzed by placing a plastic stick which was called "FarmeTok (medistick/Puristic)" provided by Purgofarm, co, Ltd. to release ClO₂ (13 ppmv/hr) next to the plate where the bacteria were incubated for 24 hours. Less than 10 bacterial colonies were evaluated as having 99% inhibitory effect. The initial bacterial culture concentration of 0.5 McFaland turbidity was good for analyzing the chlorine dioxide inhibitory effect. All bacteria could be easily counted post 24 hr co-incubation with ClO₂, but A. otitis and A. lwoffii without ClO₂ gas were not countable due to very dispersed colony types which were not affected for result analysis. As shown in this study, the FarmeTok plastic stick, which discharges chlorine dioxide at 13 ppmv / hour, was evaluated to be sufficient to suppress the above bacteria in the hospital. Bacteria existing in the clinic such as this hospital will be used as a data to inhibit the growth of bacteria by using ClO₂, and molecular biology analysis using the gene of bacteria will be possible in the future rather than inhibiting the growth of bacteria itself.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

PLGA micro/nano particles encapsulating ranitidine as a hydrophilic model drug were prepared by the double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Surface morphology investigation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the emulsification by sonication could produce nanoparticles, whereas microparticles were prepared using high speed homogenizer. Moreover, while nanohalf-shell structure instead of spherical nanoparticle could be produced by adding poloxamer into oil phase (MC) with PLGA 504H, the addition of poloxamer didn't change particle shape in case of PLGA 502H. On the other hand, microparticle with poloxamer had more surface pores than those without poloxamer. The size and polydispersity (PDI) of particles were determined by particle size analyzer. Effective diameters of particles were in the range of $400{\sim}800\;nm$ and $1200{\sim}3300\;nm$ in case of nanoparticles and microparticles, respectively. Encapsulation efficiencies were in the range of $1.2{\sim}2.9%$. The addition of poloxamer produced the particles with higher encapsulation efficiency. In vitro release study in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at $37^{\circ}C$ showed common large initial burst release. However, the relative slower release profile could be observed in case of microparticles. Poloxamer addition increased the release rate, which was thought to be related to the increased surface area of particles.