• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2C
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a simple and general soft bit decision expression for a Gray coded PAM signal over additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel with the log likelihood ratio(LLR). In order to reduce the complexity of the LLR calculation, we make the bitwise LLR expression simple by replacing the mathematical max functions of the conventional Max-Log-MAP expression with simple arithmetic functions associated with some deterministic parameters, such as a received value and distance between symbols on a signal space. Taking the implementation issues, like the area of silicon, the power consumption, the timing latency, and so on, into consideration, we submit that the proposed method is a promising alternative way to conventional methods for reconfigurable systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4C
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• pp.469-475
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• 2009

Overlap is one of the techniques for increasing bit rate in chirp spread spectrum (CSS). More overlaps can offer higher data throughput; however, they may cause more intersymbol interference (ISI) at the same time, resulting in serious bit error rate (BER) performance degradation. Thus, the number of overlaps should be decided according to the required BER performance. In this paper, we derive a closed form expression for BER of the overlap-based CSS system, exploiting the approximated Gaussian Q function. The derived BER expression includes the number of overlaps as a parameter, and thus, would be very useful in determining the number of overlaps for a specified BER. The numerical results demonstrate that the BER derived in a closed form closely agrees with the simulated BER.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2003

Data are an expression of the language or numerical values that show some features. And the information is extracted from data for the specific purposes. The knowledge is utilized as information to construct rules that recognize patterns or make a decision. Today, knowledge extraction and application of that are broadly accomplished for the easy comprehension and the performance improvement of systems in the several industrial fields. The knowledge extraction can be achieved by some steps that include the knowledge acquisition, expression, and implementation. Such extracted knowledge is drawn by rules with data mining techniques. Clustering (CL), input space partition (ISP), neuro-fuzzy (NF), neural network (NN), extension matrix (EM), etc. are employed for the knowledge expression based upon rules. In this paper, the various approaches of the knowledge extraction are surveyed and categorized by methodologies and applied industrial fields. Also, the trend and examples of each approaches are shown in the tables and graphes using the categories such as CL, ISP, NF, NN, EM, and so on.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.171-182
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• 2010

The precent, many outdoor advertisements in the media has such experience. Looking at the trend of outdoor advertising media, visual stimuli, causing extreme curiosity, stimulate emotion, expression, such as illogical to consumers using a variety of unexpectedness "surprising expression" attempt to give a strong impression on consumers appears to can. In this study, outdoor advertising media, outdoor advertising is now through the case study to evaluate the characteristics of the media in the unexpectedness, in the process based on components derived extraordinariness configure Tetrad Map and extraordinariness factors of outdoor advertising media Analysis of the key elements to configure the user experience factor that has the purpose of identifying the characteristics extraordinariness. As a result of analysis of outdoor advertising media element to configure the Visual / Installation / Technology / Story of the most important factors acting Visual elements were found to be leveraging. Components, as well as factors was higher than the interest factor involved. So now with the development of outdoor advertising media, the unexpectedness expression appears in the flow, limited to the visual aspect of extraordinariness factors that could be seen being used. Characteristics of outdoor advertising media in the past did not deviate more as consumers look to stimulate the technical attributes of a visual form that could be seen to be extended.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.4A
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• pp.324-329
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• 2002

In the high-speed/low-power digital filter applications like wireless communication systems, canonical signed digit(CSD) linear phase finite impulse response(FIR) filter structures are widely investigated. In this paper, we propose a high-speed/low-power CSD linear phase FIR filter structure using vertical common sub-expression. In the conventional linear phase CSD filter, horizontal common sub-expressions are utilized due to the inherent horizontal common sub-expression of symmetrical filter coefficients. We use the fact that their MSBs are also equal since adjacent filter coefficients have similar values in the linear phase filter Through the examples, it is shown that our proposed structure is more efficient in case that precision of implementation is lower, and tap length are longer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.1B
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

In recent network intrusion detection systems, regular expressions are used to represent malicious packets. In order to process incoming packets through high speed networks in real time, we should perform hardware-based pattern matching using the configurable device such as FPGAs. However, operating speed of FPGAs is slower than giga-bit speed network and so, multi-byte processing per clock cycle may be needed. In this paper, we propose a hardware architecture of multi-byte based regular expression pattern matching and implement the pattern matching circuit generator. The throughput improvements in four-byte based pattern matching circuit synthesized in FPGA for several Snort rules are $2.62{\sim}3.4$ times.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.946-948
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• 2013

Several baculovirus vector systems recombined with coding genes of polyhedron promoter, vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG), polyA, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and protein transduction domain (PTD) were constructed. These recombinant baculovirus vector systems were applied into human foreskin fibroblast cells and compared the effects of gene transfer and gene expression of these recombinant baculovirus vector systems with control vector system. From this study, it showed that these novel recombinant baculovirus vector systems were superior efficacy to control vector system in view of gene transfer and gene expression.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.663-666
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• 2005

Problem of compatibility, contents protection, contents circulation etc. was caused between contents offerer and consumers by indiscreet rights technical development about digital contents. Therefore, MPEG-21 framework proposed the REL(Right Expression Language) based on XML(eXtensible Markup Language) by rights expression language for rights management. We designed and implemented of the REL document editing system that rights creation and edit are available efficiently about contents easily without comprehension of MPEG-21 framework and client system that present consumption method of REL document.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.932-938
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• 2012

Facial expression has its significance in mutual communication. It is the only means to express human's countless inner feelings better than the diverse languages human use. This paper suggests muscle model-based 3D facial expression generation system to produce easy and natural facial expressions. Based on Waters' muscle model, it adds and used necessary muscles to produce natural facial expressions. Also, among the complex elements to produce expressions, it focuses on core, feature elements of a face such as eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, and cheeks and uses facial muscles and muscle vectors to do the grouping of facial muscles connected anatomically. By simplifying and reconstructing AU, the basic nuit of facial expression changes, it generates easy and natural facial expressions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.721-724
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• 2011

A prototype needs to show the requirements of the users and help them understand better. These prototypes are useful in a variety of industries. But most existing prototypes depend on the visual representation. This method of visual expression has a limitation, which can't express the detailed contents. This paper suggests an expression method of linguistic formation as an alternative. The prototype of linguistic expression can demonstrate the detailed contents of the requirements, keep a good communication among those who are related to the project, and allow them to deal with a large number of possible problems which may happen from the developing process. As it's also easy to make the developing process documented, the prototype will be helpful to improve the software development.