• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

We confirm the validity of the analytic expression for the temperature of the Joule heated nano-wire [C.-Y. You et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 222513 (2006)] with finite element method. The temperature of the Joule heated nano-wire is essential information for the research of the current induced domain wall movement. The analytic expression includes an adjustable parameter which must be determined. Since the physical origin of the adjustable parameter is simplification of the heat source profile, the validity of the analytic expression must be examined for wide range of the nano-wire structure. By comparison with this analytic expression with the results of full numerical finite element method, the adjustable parameter has been determined. The numerically confirmed adjustable parameter values are in the range of 0.60$\sim$0.69, which is well matched with the theoretically expected one. Furthermore, it is found that the adjustable parameter is a slow varying function of the nano-wire geometry. Based on this numerical confirmation, we can apply the analytic expression for the wide range of the nano-wire geometry with proper adjustable parameters.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.191-211
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• 2023

Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) causes high mortality and economic losses in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) aquaculture industry in Korea. Although, the immune responses of rock bream under RBIV infection have been studied, there is not much information at the different stages of infection (initial, middle and recovery). Gene expression profiling of rock bream under different RBIV infection stages was investigated using a microarray approaches. In total, 5699 and 6557 genes were significantly up- or down-regulated over 2-fold, respectively, upon RBIV infection. These genes were grouped into categories such as innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses, complements, lectin, antibacterial molecule, stress responses, DNA/RNA binding, energy metabolism, transport and cell cycle. Interestingly, hemoglobins (α and β) appears to be important during pathogenesis; it is highly up-regulated at the initial stage and is gradually decreased when the pathogen most likely multiplying and fish begin to die at the middle or later stage. Expression levels were re-elevated at the recovery stage of infection. Among up-regulated genes, interferon-related genes were found to be responsive in most stages of RBIV infection. Moreover, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) expression was high, whereas expression of apoptosis-relate genes were low. In addition, stress responses were highly induced in the virus infection. The cDNA microarray data were validated using quantative real-time PCR. Our results provide novel inslights into the broad immune responses triggered by RBIV at different infection stages.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.241-266
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• 2005

Current information-oriented society is expanding rapidly with the huge change to our society from the information revolution emerged in mid '50s. Information technique such as computer, communication satellite and cable technology play their in this information-oriented society, and in 1980s, digital technique was adopted to media, inviting new phenomenon in communication of overall society. Expectations and hope for new trends and changes from digital era flourished when we entered into new Millenium, the 21st century. Since then we have gone through changes in years from analogue to digital. Now the word 'digital' is conceived in unified manner in almost every fields and influences overall society, changing our life pattern rapidly. Modern society had demanded some speedy and bidirectional communication tool in shifting digital era, and resulted from that was a new culture, Now the society changes more and more quickly under the speedy information sharing. From that perspective we need to establish the aspects of sensibility expression, which is one feature of the communication. The sensibility-oriented digital was originated from the human nature, which counts emotion and composure much. To satisfy the human nature a new cultural value which transcend a traditional one is needed. And the sensitivity expression to meet the need is one communication tendency in digital era. Digital era has totally different social qualities from that of analogue era. In digital era, prompt respond to rapid change and creativity combined with sensitivity are needed. Therefore a man with sensitivity would be more outstanding than a man of intelligence. The picture of digital and analogue in our society consists of two axis one is analogue axis like retrospective trend, admiration for nature , oriental thought etc. , and the other is the digital axis of internet and information technology. Sensibility can be widely interpreted as analogue thinking. It is surely different from the plain retrospective trend or nostalgia for past. It is a tendency that digital technology is used and cooperated with the emotion in human nature, In this paper we suggest the sensitivity expressions in detail through the study cases including both sides of digital and sensitivity expressions such as 'Bravo your life' advertising campaign of Samsung Insurance, MP3 advertising campaign, and 'Mini-homepage' of Cyworld. Under the circumstances the main direction of communication is oriented to human. This study's purpose is to think the true meaning of this digital era, to overcoming its weaknesses, such as over-dependency on technique and selfish individualism and to harmonize digital and sensitivity expression. The sensitivity-oriented expression than the reason-oriented one is expected to be put forth in whole media, and this is a more efficient tendency under the shifting digital era.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2010

During normal early embryonic development in mammals, the global pattern of genomic DNA methylation undergoes marked. changes. The level of methylation is high in male and female gametes. Thus, we cloned the cDNA of the porcine DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) gene to promote the efficiency of the generation of porcine clones. In this study, porcine Dnmt1 cDNA was sequenced, and Dnmt1 mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) in porcine tissues during embryonic development. The porcine Dnmt1 cDNA sequence showed more homology with that of bovine than human, mouse, and rat. The complete sequence of porcine Dnmt1 cDNA was 4,774-bp long and consisted of an open reading frame encoding a protein of 1611 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of porcine DNMT1 showed significant homology with those of bovine (91%), human (88%), rat (76%), and mouse (75%) Dnmt1. The expression of porcine Dnmt1 mRNA was detected during porcine embryogenesis. The mRNA was detected at stages of porcine preimplantation development (1-cell, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages). It was also abundantly expressed in tissues (lung, ovary, kidney and somatic cells). Further investigations are necessary to understand the complex links between methyltransferase 1 and the transcriptional activity in cloned porcine tissues.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2505-2528
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• 2023

The field of facial expression recognition (FER) has been actively researched to improve human-computer interaction. In recent years, deep learning techniques have gained popularity for addressing FER, with numerous studies proposing end-to-end frameworks that stack or widen significant convolutional neural network layers. While this has led to improved performance, it has also resulted in larger model sizes and longer inference times. To overcome this challenge, our work introduces a novel lightweight model architecture. The architecture incorporates three key factors: Depth-wise Separable Convolution, Residual Block, and Attention Modules. By doing so, we aim to strike a balance between model size, inference speed, and accuracy in FER tasks. Through extensive experimentation on popular benchmark FER datasets, our proposed method has demonstrated promising results. Notably, it stands out due to its substantial reduction in parameter count and faster inference time, while maintaining accuracy levels comparable to other lightweight models discussed in the existing literature.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2008

Facial expression, which changes face geometry, usually has an adverse effect on the performance of a face recognition system. To improve the face recognition rate, we propose a normalization method of facial expression to diminish the difference of facial expression between probe and gallery faces. Two approaches are used to facial expression modeling and normalization from single still images using a generic facial muscle model without the need of large image databases. The first approach estimates the geometry parameters of linear muscle models to obtain a biologically inspired model of the facial expression which may be changed intuitively afterwards. The second approach uses RBF(Radial Basis Function) based interpolation and warping to normalize the facial muscle model as unexpressed face according to the given expression. As a preprocessing stage for face recognition, these approach could achieve significantly higher recognition rates than in the un-normalized case based on the eigenface approach, local binary patterns and a grey-scale correlation measure.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2014

Objectives Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone important in the maturation of a broad spectrum of protein. In this study, an HSP90 gene was isolated from Asian paddle crab, Charybdis japonica, as a bio-indicator to monitor the marine ecosystem. Methods This work reports the responses of C. japonica HSP90 mRNA expression to cellular stress by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) using real-time. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results The deduced amino acid sequence of HSP90 from C. japonica shared a high degree of homology with their homologues in other species. In a phylogenetic analysis, C. japonica HSP90 is evolutionally related with an ortholog of the other crustacean species. The expression of HSP90 gene was almost distributed in all the examined tissues of the C. japonica crab but expression levels varied among the different body parts of the crabs. We examined HSP90 mRNA expression pattern in C. japonica crabs exposed to EDCs for various exposure times. The expression of HSP90 transcripts was significantly increased in C. japonica crabs exposed to BPA and NP at different concentrations for 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours. The mRNA expression of HSP90 gene was significantly induced in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after BPA or NP exposures for 96 hours. Conclusions Taken together, expression analysis of Asian paddle crab HSP90 gene provided useful molecular information about crab responses in stress conditions and potential ways to monitor the EDCs stressors in marine environments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9523-9527
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• 2014

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many Asian countries and microRNAs have already been proven to be associated with tumorigenesis. Currently, microRNA-376a (miR-376a) expression and association with clinical factors in CRC remains unclear. In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on 53 matched pairs of CRC and adjacent normal mucosa to investigate the expression levels of miR-376a. According to the high or low expression of miR-376a, patients were divided into two groups. The relationship between miR-376a expression and clinicopathological factors of 53 patients was evaluated. Survival analysis of 53 CRC patients was performed with clinical follow-up information and survival curves were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue to investigate the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. MiR-376a showed low expression in cancer tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues and altered high miR-376a expression tended to be positively correlated with advanced lymph node metastasis and shorter patient survival. VEGF IHC positivity was significantly more common in patients with high expression levels of miR-376a.Those results demonstrated that miR-376a may be a meaningful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.197-208
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• 2005

Although little information is available on the underlying mechanisms, various genetic factors have been associated with tissue-specific responses to radiation. In the present study, we explored the possibility whether organ specific gene expression is associated with radiosensitivity using samples from brain, lung and spleen. We examined intrinsic expression pattern of 23 genes in the organs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method using both male and female C57BL/6 mice. Expression of p53 and p21, well known factors for governing sensitivity to radiation or chemotherapeutic agents, was not different among the organ types. Both higher expression of sialyltransferase, delta7-sterol reductase, leptin receptor splice variant form 12.1, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lower expression of alphaB crystalline were specific for spleen tissue. Expression level of glutathione peroxidase and APO-1 cell surface antigen gene in lung tissue was high, while that of Na, K-ATPase alpha-subunit, Cu/ZnSOD, and cyclin G was low. Brain, radioresistant organ, showed higher expressions of Na, K-ATPase-subunit, cyclin G, and nucleolar protein hNop56 and lower expression of delta7-sterol reductase. The result revealed a potential correlation between gene expression patterns and organ sensitivity, and Identified genes which might be responsible for organ sensitivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1605-1612
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• 2006

Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the family of IL-l cytokine, is one of the principal inducers of $interferon-{\gamma}(IFN-{\gamma})$ in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of IL-18 on the expression of chemokine IP-10 (CXCL-10) mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages. IL-18 had very weak direct effect or synergistic effect with IL-12 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, IL-18 pretreatment was found to playa cooperative role in the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IP-10 mRNA. For the expression of LPS-induced IP-10 mRNA, the synergistic effect was detected after 16 h of IL-18 pretreatment prior to LPS stimulation. The expression level of CD14 in cells stimulated with LPS was not changed by IL-18 pretreatment, and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$ production during IL-18 pretreatment plus LPS stimulation was barely discernible ($0.36{\pm}0.31pg/ml$). Namely, the synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment was not related to a change of LPS receptor, CD14 expression, and the production of $IFN-{\gamma}$ by the interaction between IL-18 and LPS. The synergistic effect of IL-18 pretreatment on the expression of LPS-induced IP-10 was related to not NF-kB but AP-1 activation, and associated with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, one of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These results provide useful information that may elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-18 on the expression of IP-10 mRNA.