• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.31-32
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of chloride penetration into concrete finishing materials. Chloride ion migration test was used rapid infiltration method proposed by 'NT-Build 492'. The kind of coated finishing material is 'None-finished(N)', 'Cement Mortal(M)', 'Water based paint(P)', 'Bone-Tile(B)', 'Repair Mortal(R1)' in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.360-364
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• 2018

A facile method to fabricate freestanding CuO nanoleaves and CuO nanowires-based films was demonstrated. $Cu(OH)_2$ nanoleaves and nanowires were prepared by a hydrolysis reaction in aqueous solution including pyridine and NaOH with the tailored concentrations at room temperature. The films of freestanding CuO nanoleaves and CuO nanowires can be successfully obtained via the simple vacuum infiltration following a thermal dehydration reaction. The morphologies and crystallinity of the $Cu(OH)_2$ nanoleaves/nanowires and CuO nanoleaves/nanowires were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and FT-IR. The films fabricated with freestanding CuO nanoleaves and nanowires in this study may be applicable for building high-efficiency organic binder-free devices, such as gas sensors, batteries, photoelectrodes for water splitting and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.11-24
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• 2013

This study presents a design method for typical rainfall-induced landslide considering in-situ matric suction. Actual landslide data are used to validate the proposed method. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and unsaturated permeability are experimentally determined to estimate hydraulic properties of testing site. The field measurement of matric suction is carried out to monitor in-situ matric suction in a natural slope subjected to rainfall infiltration, which is incorporated in the landslide analysis. The wetting band depth and safety factor of the slope are assessed to clarify the effect of domestic rainfall pattern. Especially, the effect of antecedent rainfall on the slope stability is investigated and discussed in terms of wetting band depth using parametric study. It is found from the result of this study that proposed design method can consider the characteristic of unsaturated soil and effect of antecedent rainfall. The location of the scarp zone is fairly well predicted by proposed design method. Moreover, heavy rainfall, concentrated in the backward part with time, causes the lowest safety factor of the slope. These results demonstrate that decrease in matric suction due to antecedent rainfall may trigger slope instability. After the antecedent rainfall, additional rainfall may cause the slope failure due to increasing wetting band depth.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2007

In general method to estimate the water supplies in the large-scale basin, indirect estimation method such as unit loading factor method has been used. However, the estimated water supplies are much different to the real water supplies used in the any basin because these general methods estimate them considering water supply demands only. Especially, water supplies for irrigation are big different to the real water supplies in which the water supplies for irrigation are depend on the weather conditions such as evaporation, basin conditions such as infiltration, the reservoir operation rule for irrigation water, and distribution methods. Thus, a new estimation method is developed to estimate the real water demands which is essential factors for the effective water resources operation in the basin. This method is for estimating the water supplies and return rates based on the survey of the irrigation reservoirs and the analysis of effects to the stream flows, return flows, and water supplies for irrigation which water supplies and return rates are used in the basin water management model. The water supply usages in each subbasin are validated by comparisons between the simulated discharges from the basin water management model and the discharges measured in the control points.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.264-272
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• 2007

Runoff of non-point pollutants has affected bad influence to water quality of river as reaching within short time. For this reason, reducing them prior to reaching aquatic systems or treating them after collection from discharge process of pollutants are desirable for efficient treatment of pollutants. This study was carried out to develop an ecotechnological method to prevent further aggravation of water quality by non-point source through vegetation filter strips. This study has placed a focus on improving infiltration capacity of soil for the optimum condition of vegetation filter strips. Therefore, we used titled soil filter strips instead of vegetation filter strips in this study. The three types of soil tilter strips were used in a bench scale experiment before applying to the field. The reduction efficiency of pollutants in soil filter strips (SS $84.5{\sim}92.5%$, BOD $67.9{\sim}80.6%$, T-N $43.4{\sim}76.6%$, T-P $40.6{\sim}87.4%$, Cu $28.3{\sim}48.1%$ Fe $92.1{\sim}97.7%$, Pb $81.4{\sim}97.3%$) was much higher than that of the controled group. And non-point pollutants reduction efficiency by soil filter strip's forms was estimated to be distinguishing in order of bio material, mixture of sand and gravel and lastly the whole gravel. In the event, the whole reduction efficiency of pollutants on the soil filter strips disclosed good results.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed to histologically evaluate $Silicone^{(R)}$, $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$, and $Medpor^{(R)}$ implants for augmentation rhinoplasty after graft in the subperiosteum of mural calvarium respectively. Materials and method: Twenty four male ICR mice were used. $Silicone^{(R)}$, $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$, and $Medpor^{(R)}$ were grafted respectively in the subperiosteum of frontal bone. Animals were sacrificed at 1 week, 4 week and 8 week after graft. Histological observation was performed after H&E staining. Results: All groups were healed without any extrusion of implant materials and inflammatory cell infiltration. In Silicone group, $Silicone^{(R)}$ was well enclosed by thin fibrous tissue at 1 week, which became thicker and stable at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. And there was no destruction or resorption of $Silicone^{(R)}$ In Gore-tex group, there was no destruction or resorption of $Gore-tex^{(R)}$. Thin fibrous tissue and cell infiltration from peripheral tissue were observed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. In AlloDerm group, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ was enclosed by fibrous tissue. Cell infiltration was observed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. In Medpor group, there was no inflammation, destruction or resorption of $Medpor^{(R)}$ and it was contacted directly to the bone without interposition of fibrous tissue. Porous area was filled by bone or soft tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$, and $Medpor^{(R)}$ graft are more stable than $Silicone^{(R)}$ graft and that $Silicone^{(R)}$, $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ are appropriate for graft on nasal tip and $Medpor^{(R)}$ is appropriate for graft on nasal dorsum.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

In this study, a temperature distribution sensing method using optical fiber was applied to a large-scale levee experiment, and the applicability of wide-area levee or embankment monitoring technology to observe the changes inside the levee was reviewed. The optical fiber was buried in a large-scale levee, and the temporal and spatial temperature changes were measured according to the water level changes in the reservoir. As the water level of the reservoir increased, the temperature of the embankment slope decreased, and as the infiltration progressed, a change in the spatial location of the temperature change was detected. The temperature change due to embankment infiltration varied depending on the time of the infiltration progress, and the change assumed to be the seepage line could be observed. This study has demonstrated that information about temperature changes inside the levee can be interpreted as the information on the locations that are judged to be relatively vulnerable, investigating the changes in the condition inside the levee.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2008

The single intratracheal instillation (ITI) of bleomycin (BLM) is a widely used method for inducing experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rat model. In the present study, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of tidal volume ($V_T$), minute volume ($V_M$), and respiratory frequency ($F_R$) have been applied to study their possibility as a tool to monitor the progress of BLM-induced lung injury in rat model. Rats were treated with a single ITI of BLM (2.5 mg/kg) or saline (control). Animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-ITI. Lung toxicity effects were evaluated by inflammatory cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and light microscopic examination of lung injury. The PFT parameters were measured immediately before the animals were sacrificed. BLM treatment induced significant cellular changes in BALF-increase in number of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes along with sustained increase in number of macrophages compared to the controls at days 3, 7, and 14. BALF LDH level was significantly increased compared to that in the controls up to day 14. On day 3, infiltration of neutrophils was observed in the alveolar spaces. These changes developed into marked peribronchiolar and interstitial infiltration by inflammatory cells, and extensive thickening of the interalveolar septa on day 7. At 14, 21, and 28 days, mild peribronchiolar fibrosis was observed along with inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of PFT show significant consistencies compared to the results of other toxicity tests. These data demonstrate that the most suitable time point for assessing lung fibrosis in this model is 14 days post-ITI of BLM based on the observation of fibrosis at 14, 21, and 28 days. Further, the progress of lung injury can be traced by monitoring the PFT parameters of $F_R$, $V_T$, and $V_M$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.199-210
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• 1993

Many surgeons are on the point of bone excision and reconstruction of the bone defects by autograft. xenograft, and allograft in the treatment of begin and malignant tumors of bone. Of all type of bone grafts, we received the autograft as the best ideal bone graft. Of autogenic bone graft, replantation of excised autogenic bone for reconstructiong the bone defects has been the ideal method until now, but early bone healing reponses and tumor cell devitalization after replantation of excised autogenic bone have not been identified for clinical applications. So, to evaluate bone healing response after replantation in rabbit's calvarial bone, we divided the experimental group into three groups. Group 1 is a fresh autogenous bone group. Group 2 is a deep frozen group. Group 3 is freeze-dried demineralized group. Obtained result were as followed: 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration appeared at I week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental group, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infiltration showed in fresh autogenous bone group at 2 weeks. Group 3 is the least showing group on the point of inflammatory cell infiltration. 2. Osteoblastic activity evenly increased upto 4 weeks and maintained to 6 weeks and decreased after this period, especially osteoblastic activity in group 2 is less than group 1 and group 3. We can't discriminate between osteoblastic activity of group 1 and that of group 3. 3. In new bone formation, group 3 was more active than any other groups at early stage, but there were little differences among three experimental groups at later state. 4. Bone resorption around the grafted bone slightly appeared at 1 week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental groups. We can find the more bone resorption in group 2 at 2 weeks than any other groups. We could suggest, as appears from our results, that freeze-dried deminiralized bone graft is the useful bone graft in the clinical applications of excised autogenic bone.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

This paper is research results of slope stability analysis associated with seepage infiltration for unsaturated soil in debris-flow occurrence slopes. Site investigations were carried out in two slopes, located at Inje in Kangwon province where debris flow occurred in 2006 and at Yangpyung in Kyeunggi province where it occurred in 2010. For unsaturated soil sampled at the zone of debris-flow initiation, soil water characteristic curves with tempe pressure cells and shear strength parameters with newly designed shear strength apparatus were obtained respectively. The commertially available software SEEP/W was used to analyze seepage infiltration in unsaturated soil, based on their properties obtained from test results and the actual rainfall data at the moment of debris flow occurrence, and slope stability analysis with the program of SLOPE/W, associated with results of seepage analysis, was performed to simulate slope failure. As results of this research, seepage infiltration to unsaturated soil due to intensive rainfall was found to cause increase of ground water table as well as degree of saturation. Through this research slope stability analysis for unsaturated soil, considering the actual rainfall characteristic, might be a reasonable method of investigating characteristics of debris flow behavior, in particular, the moment of debris flow occurrence.