• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.277-278
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• 2018

Improvement of insulation performance of buildings is a major part. Adiabatic method The adiabatic method minimizes the heat loss of the building. External insulation uses insulation to prevent fire. Ambient air hazards are less prone to fire. When a fire occurs, a phenolic pattern is formed and bond strength with the wall increases. EPS insulation and phenol foam were used to compare external heat transfer and external heat transfer. The heat transfer properties of phenolic foam and styrofoam were evaluated as follows. In the mortar and styrofoam structure, the problem of styrofoam reaching the burning point occurred before the collapse of the mortar, and the phenol foam had a problem in that when the direct fire was continued on the phenol foam. The characteristics of continuous infiltration appeared. In the case of mortar and phenol foam + styrofoam, the heat penetrated into the interior due to the shrinkage due to the shrinkage of the carbon screen on the phenol foam. However, when reinforced with glass mesh on the outer surface, And to reduce infiltration.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2024

In this study, slope stability was evaluated in consideration of unsaturated soil behavior to predict landslides. Samples were collected from a landslide site due to heavy rainfall during Typhoon Hinnamnoh. Soil moisture characteristic tests were performed based on the evaporation method using a swelling undisturbed sample and a remolded sample. Based on the hydraulic-mechanical behavior, two-dimensional infiltration and stability analyses were performed. As a result, from the two sample types, it is found that both behaviors exhibited clear differences in the results, and the behavior of the swelling undisturbed sample was able to predict the actual slope failure appropriately.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 1987

In land treatment systems for organic waste removal, especially rapid intiltration method is well known as less climatic restrictions and less field area requirements as against the others. Therefore the present study on rapid infiltration is aimed to survey the waste removal rate, infiltration rate, variation of dissolved oxygen due to biological oxygen absorption and pH decrement using pilot infiltration column filled with permeable soil(sand) as media, also to find the waste load(COD) per unit area and nitrate conversion ratio from TKN. The results obtained here are as follows. 1) When the depth of sand layer is more than 1 meter, the COD removal would be reached steadly to 90% or more under the infiltration rate below 15~20cm/day, and would be no problem due to leached organic pollutants considering the depth of ground water table. 2) The COD removal per unit area($m^2$) can readily be expected to 10~14g/day with proper operation, and the decomposition of substrate would be attained mostly at the surface layer of the media. 3) Generally the conversion of TKN to the $NO_3{^-}$-N is seemed to be proportional to the COD removal rate if provided proper retention time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 2011

A pilot-scale experiment of floodplain filtration with a filtration depth of 3.6m was performed employing flood/rest type raw-water supply system in an effort to find ways to improve river water quality by additional treatments of discharged effluent from sewage treatment plant. Soil samples were taken from 3 sites including Gumi, Daegu and Gimhae along the Nakdong river. Reductions of infiltration rates following increases in operating time was investigated in each soil sample, along with the analysis of removal efficiencies of various pollutants according to different depths and infiltration rates. The results show incremental development of clogging on the soil surface with increases in operation time, and illustrate exponential decrease in the infiltration rate. The time required for the removal of the clog from the soil surface was longer than 2 weeks for all soil samples analyzed. The stable infiltration rates for soils were 5 m/day for Gumi and for Daegu and Gimhae was 1 m/day. In unsaturated soils dissolved oxygen levels increased following the increase of filtration depth, suggesting that alternating application of flood and rest for raw-water supply effectively keeps the soil environment aerobic. For all soils, the nature of pollutant removal depending on the depth of filtration remained the same regardless of the infiltration rate. Most of the BOD and turbidity were removed within 1.2 m, about 30% of COD was removed within 3.6m and was expected to be removed further with increases in filtration depth. Nitrification occurred near the surface of all soils; however there was no significant removal of nitrogen in the filtration depths tested in this study. Although removal rate of phosphorus was low for Gumi's soil, it was high enough for other soils, suggesting that the method developed in this study could significantly improve river water quality.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-253
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• 2002

This research was conducted to develop a simple and effective method for pathogenicity assay of the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit. The developed method is a modified version of syringe-infiltration method that is used in the assay fer the hypersensitive response assay. Bacterial cell suspensions in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.5) were infiltrated using a plastic syringe with 25G needle into primary leaves of five-year-old kiwifruit. Typical symptoms of bacterial canker were observed five days after infiltration. Symptoms developed on the leaves were detected in these inocula that treated above 10$^4$cfu/ml or above. Using this technique, host range of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and three other plant pathogenic pseudomonads were investigated for 25 different plant species. The various symptoms were showed depend-ing on different plant species and inoculated pathogen combinations. This method has the advantage that symptoms can be showed faster compared to other methods and high humid conditions are not required.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1982

Experiments were conducted to establish a measuring method of the stomatal aperture in the leaves of the wheat plant, and to find the diurnal movements of the stomate in leaves of different position and tillers. The measurement methods used were the infiltration and the microrelief impression methods. The aperture of the stomate in the infiltration method was expressed in terms of the solutions pent ration into the leaf and this was refered to as the infiltration score. A score I represents injection with 10% iso-butyl alcohol＋90% ethylene glycol solution and a score 7 represents injection with 70% iso-butyl alcohol +30% ethlene glycol solution. A linear relationship was obtained between the infiltration score and average pore width in a large number. of the stomata observed in the leaves of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The aperature of the stomate of flag and the 1st leaf were exhibited diurnal change with the maximum aperture at 10 A.M. but that of 2nd leaf reached maximum aperture 2 hours later than upper two leaves. After reaching the maximum aperture the stomata gradually closed and then completely closed at 6 P.M. The aperture of the stomate in the adaxial epidermis and the base part of the leaf were larger than those in the abaxial and top part of the leaf, and aperture of the stomate in the leaves of the main stem was larger than those on the tillers.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 1994

The effect of processing parameters, temperature, gas concentration, gas flow rate and pressure, were studied on the densification of carbon/carbon composites using a Robust design method in isothermal low-pressure chemical vapor infiltration with a gas system of $C_3H_8-N_2$ After one time of isothermal low-pressure chemical vapor infiltrat.ion, the bulk density of carbon/carbon composites in creased up to 1-9% and apparent porosity of the composites decreased down to 20-50%. ANOVA analysis of the experiment.al data revealed that the important parameters of isothermal lowpressure chemical vapor infiltration were temperature, gas concentration and gas flnw rate. 'There was almost no ~ f f e c t on densification by pressure and interaction between each parameters. In t, he present experimental conditions, the highest bulk density was obtained at $1100^{\circ}C$ temperature, 100% $C_3H_8$, concentration, 100 SCCM flow rate and 5 torr pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2009

Many slope failures are induced by rainfall infiltration. A lot of recent researches are therefore focused on rainfall-induced slope instability and the rainfall infiltration is recognized as the important triggering factor. The rainfall infiltrates into the soil slope and makes the matric suction lost in the slope and even the positive pore water pressure develops near the surface of the slope. They decrease the resisting shear strength. In Korea, a few public institutions suggested conservative slope design guidelines that assume a fully saturated soil condition. However, this assumption is irrelevant and sometimes soil properties are misused in the slope design method to fulfill the requirement. In this study, a more relevant slope stability evaluation method is suggested to take into account the real rainfall infiltration phenomenon. Unsaturated soil properties such as shear strength, soil-water characteristic curve and permeability for Korean weathered soils were obtained by laboratory tests and also estimated by artificial neural network models. For real-time assessment of slope instability, failure warning criteria of slope based on deterministic and probabilistic analyses were introduced to complement uncertainties of field measurement data. The slope stability evaluation technique can be combined with field measurement data of important factors, such as matric suction and water content, to develop an early warning system for probably unstable slopes due to the rainfall.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2008

Geophysical survey for establishing a wide site for the distribution of water content, wetting front infiltration due to the rainfall, and distribution of groundwater level has been performed by using 8round penetration radar (GPR) method, electrical resistivity method, and so on. On the other hand, a narrow area survey was performed to use a permittivity method such as time domain reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometry, and amplitude domain reflectometry methods for estimating volumetric water content, soil density, and concentration of contaminant in surface and subsurface. The permittivity methods establish more corrective physical parameters than different found survey technologies mentioned above. In this study for establishment of infiltration behaviors for wetting front in the unsaturated soil caused by an artificial rainfall, soil physical parameters for volumetric water content, pore water pressure, and pore air pressure were measured by FDR measurement device and pore water pressure meter which are installed in the unsaturated weathered granite soil with different depths. Consequently, the authors were proposed to a new establishment method for analyzing the variations of volumetric water content and wetting front infiltration from the responses of infiltrating pore water in the unsaturated soil.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 1998

In Sjogren syndrome, abruptly decreased salivation and delayed lag time reveal that many acini cells are destructed and Lymphocytes infiltration is supposed as the main cause that makes dysfunction of salivation. In this case report, the biopsy of minor salivary glands is very useful diagnostic method of Sjogren's syndrome with sialometry,sialography, salivary gland scan.