• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.548-558
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• 2020

This study presents improvement measures at the local government level by analyzing the step-by-step projects of Suwon City's Suwon Village Development Project, which is being carried out with public development assistance in the Kingdom of Cambodia. For this study, realistic research was conducted by visiting the site and interviewing the person in charge. The following conclusions are drawn. First, public development assistance projects for local governments in Korea should be carried out, with detailed programs to implement them under the central government's ODA policy. Second, provided a project is competitively carried out, and is not simply pork barreling or enhancing the external image of local governments, the project should be continued, and supplementary measures taken based on an evaluation system and the results of the project's performance. Third, ODAs in the economic and social development sectors-not sporadic aid among central government ministries and local governments-should be centered on the central government and KOICA while local governments are small. If development cooperation is achieved by focusing on the software sector, criticism that it wastes taxpayers' money is likely to decrease. This study suggests that local governments need to establish ODA plans and cooperate with the central government.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.273-290
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• 1983

A bionomic study of the coralligenous concretionary hard bottom in the northwestern Mediterranean was carried out at four stations : three stations(Arnette, Laurons, Auguette) under the influence of intense multisource pollution(gradient decreasing from north to south) in the Gulf of Fos, west of Marseille, France, and one control station(Moyade islet) in an unpolluted area near Riou island, east of Marseille. Along the increasing pollution gradient from the outer to the inner part of the Gulf of Fos, there is a qualitative and quantitative impoverishment of the fauna. On the whole, the species richness, the numerical abundance. and the species diversity index are all on the decrease. Accordingly, the innermost station in the Gulf of Fos(Auguette) is most heavily affected by the industrial, and to a lesser extent by the domestic wastes, from the nearby industrial complex and urban areas. The impact on the benthic coralligenous community of this serious alteration has been analysed in view of community composition, functional aspect, and ecological stocks. The faunal affinity between stations has been studied by means of the two coefficients : fourfold point correlation coefficient and Jaccard's community coefficient. The upper layer and inferior face communities of the coralligenous concretionary structures are also compared.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1991

Fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum have been used for most pharmacological studies, but pharmacological effects are likely variable because the habitats and strains of Ganoderma lucidum are different. Therefore, their fermentation is required to produce constant and reliable pharmacolo­gical constituents from Ganoderma lucidum. During the studies of medium for industrial application. it was found that ginseng root residues, remaining after being extracted with ethanol, were a good carbon source for a fermentation of Genoderma lucidum and a corn steep liquor was also economical for the nitrogen source. Yield of the mycelial cultured in ginseng root residues and corn steep liquor was 2.5 times higher than that in glucose and peptone, known as a conventional medium of Ganoderma lucidum. The polysaccharide content of the extracts from the cultured mycelia was higher than that from fruit bodies, but protein content was vice versa. Extracts of the cultured mycelia were more effective and lasting than extracts of the fruit bodies in decreased hypertention of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.497-505
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• 2018

In a situation where the amount of bulky waste needs to be quantified, a three-dimensional model of the wastes can be constructed using drones. This study constructed a drone-based 3D model with a range of flight parameters and a GCPs survey, analyzed the relationship between the accuracy and time required, and derived a suitable drone application technique to estimate the amount of waste in a short time. Images of waste were photographed using the drone and auto-matching was performed to produce a model using 3D coordinates. The accuracy of the 3D model was evaluated by RMSE calculations. An analysis of the time required and the characteristics of the top 15 models with high accuracy showed that the time required for Model 1, which had the highest accuracy with an RMSE of 0.08, was 954.87 min. The RMSE of the 10th 3D model, which required the shortest time (98.27 min), was 0.15, which is not significantly different from that of the model with the highest accuracy. The most efficient flight parameters were a high overlapping ratio at a flight altitude of 150 m (60-70% overlap and 30-40% sidelap) and the minimum number of GCPs required for image matching was 10.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.403-418
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to characterize the fate and transport of Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater in the Daejeon industrial area. Five subsidiary monitoring wells were newly installed and two existing wells were utilized for the investigation and the reduction process of Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater of the Daejeon(Mun-pyeong) national groundwater monitoring station. The Cr(VI) concentrations at the shallow aquifer well of the station were in the range of 3.2-4.5 mg/L indicating continuous contamination. However, Cr was not detected at the deep bedrock well and the other monitoring wells except MPH-1 and 3. The Cr(VI) concentrations of MPH-1 and MPH-3 were below the drinking water guideline value (0.05 mg/L). Therefore, the plume of the Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater was predicted to be confined within the narrow boundary around the station. The soluble/exchangeable Cr(VI) concentrations were below the detection limit in all core and slime samples taken from the five newly installed wells. Although the exact source of contamination was not directly detected in the study area, the spatial Cr(VI) distribution in groundwater and characteristics of the core samples indicated that the source and the dispersion range were confined within the 100 m area from the monitoring station. The contamination might be induced from the unlined landfill of industrial wastes which was observed during the installation of an subsidiary monitoring well. For the evaluation of the natural attenuation of Cr(VI), available reduction capacities of Cr(VI) with an initial concentration of 5 mg/L were measured in soil and aquifer materials. Dark-gray clay layer samples have high capacities of Cr(VI) reduction ranging from 58 to 64%, which is obviously related to organic carbon contents of the samples. The analysis of reduction capacities implied that the soil and aquifer materials controlled the dispersion of Cr(VI) contamination in this area. However, some possibilities of dispersion by the preferential flow cannot be excluded due to the limited numbers of monitoring wells. We suggest the removal of Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater by periodical pumping, and the continuous groundwater quality monitoring for evaluation of the Cr(VI) dispersion should be followed in the study area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1389-1402
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the impacts of waste dumping on inorganic nutrients in the dumping area of the Yellow Sea, and the effect of an governmental regulation of pollution in dumping areas. The environmental variables and parameters of the dumping and reference areas in the Yellow Sea were measured during July 2009 and analyzed. In addition, the analyzed data for inorganic nutrients over the last 10 years were obtained from the Korea Coast Guard (KCG) and the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI). The chemical environment of the study area revealed increases in concentrations of inorganic nutrients, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) in the bottom layer. On the contrary, the pH level was decreased. Most notably, the time series data of inorganic nutrients showed gradual increase over time in the dumping area, and thus, the oligotrophic waters trend toward eutrophic waters. The increases appears to be due to the disposal of large amounts of organic waste. In recent times, the wastes disposed at the area were largely comprised of livestock wastewater, and food processing waste water. The liquefied waste, which contains an abundance of nutrients, causes a sharp increase in concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in the dumping area. On the one hand, the dumping sites have been deteriorated to such an extent that pollution has become a social problem. Consequentially, the government had a regulatory policy for improvement of marine environmental since 2007 in the dumping area. Hence, the quality of marine water in the dumping site has improved.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 1985

This study was made to evaluate temperature effects on biological wastewater treatment particularly at the lower temperatures. Cell yield coefficients and other kinetic factors were compared by varying temperature for industrial wastes. Bench scale aeration-only complete mixing activated sludge(CMAS) units were operated at temperatures of $1^{\circ}$, $4^{\circ}$, $7^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}C$ with substrate concentrations of 5,000 and 200 mg/l COD. The study results indicate that the cell yields were computed to be 0.5 to 0.6 grams VSS per grams BOD removed, and were not influenced by temperature variations. The synthesis/total energy ratios were computed to be 0.45 to 0.58 and had a tendency to become larger at lower temperatures. The endogenous respiration rates were computed to be 0.07 to 0.08/day, and seemed to be independent of temperature. In addition, very little temperature effects were observed when F/M ratio and substrate concentrations were reduced.

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.147-170
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• 2006

Landfill gas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by the bacterial decomposition of organic wastes, and it is considered to produce bad smells and pollute the environment. Economic trials and the developments of landfill gas, as an alternative energy resource, become known at the recent years, Resource development of landfill gas, which is managed by Korea up to now, is for the most part generation using gas engine. Medium BTU and High BTU are considered for the power generation as well. Most income of generation using gas engine is selling charge through a power plant. Expecting to manage the power plant for up to 10 years, the analysis based on revenue and expenditure shows when the unit price is 65.2 Won and the operating rate reaches 90%, it is possible to be into the black in 2012 without considering additional financial expense, It was also analyzed that the profit at a unit price of 85 Won under the anticipated rising unit price by the operating rate of 71% is larger than at the operating rate of 90% under limited unit price of 65.2 Won. It means to manage the power plant at a unit price of 65.2 Won and the operating rate must be higher than 90% for economic logicality. If we assume that the operating rate is 90% and it increases the unit price, the unit price must be higher than 85 Won for the management of a power plant. Analysis of changing a unit price, however, might be expected to have a gradual rise of prices. If there is no price rising and additional income related to CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) and emission trading upon Kyoto protocol, the management of a power plant using gas engine will get financial difficulties because of many operating expenses. However, since landfill gas is considered as a worthy energy resource for the guarantee of sustainable development and for the equity between recent generation and future generation, the development of it must be accomplished by the government's additional supporting and efforts under the interest of all stakeholder who are involved.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2020

Korea has an economy based on manufacturing industrial fields, which produce high amounts of hazardous wastes, in spite of few landfill candidates, and a significant concern for fine airborne particulates; therefore, traditional waste management is difficult to apply in this country. Moreover, waste collection and accumulation have recently been intensified by the waste import prohibitions or regulations in developing nations, the universalization of delivery services in Korea, and the global COVID-19 crisis. This study thus presents a domestic waste management strategy that aims to address the recent issues on waste. The contents of the strategy as the main results of the study include the (1) improvement of the compatibility of the classification codes between the domestic hazardous waste and the international ones such as those of the Basel Convention; (2) consideration of the mixed hazard indices to represent toxicity from low-content components such as rare earth metals often contained in electrical and electronic equipment waste; (3) management application based on risks throughout the life cycles of waste; (4) establishment of detailed material flow information of waste by integrating the Albaro system, Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) system, and online trade databases; (5) real-time monitoring and prediction of the waste movement or discharge using positional sensors and geographic information systems, among others; and (6) selection and implementation of optimal treatment or recycling practices through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and clean technologies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 1998

Most of total nitrogen in the surface soil exists in organic forms, of which amino acid-N is the major fraction. By-product fertilizers provide soil with humic substances, and humic acid is an essential component of humus. Amino acids(AAs) are easily converted to inorganic-N forms and thus play an important role in N fertility. This experiment was conducted to investigate the contents and distributions of AAs in humic acids which were extracted from the commercial by-product fertilizers of different composting materials. Total contents of AAs in humic acids ranged from 1.2 to 5.6%, of which neutral AAs were the highest with ranges of 0.8~4.5%. AAs contents in fertilizers composted from the plant residues such as leaf litter, sawdust and bark were in an order of neutral>acidic>basic AAs. In contrast, those from animal wastes, such as poultry and pig manures, were in an order of neutral>basic>acidic AAs. Distributions of total, acidic and neutral AAs were in the respective order of leaf litter>sawdust>pig manure>poultry manure>peat, bark>sawdust>leaf litter>peat and leaf litter>sawdust>bark>peat. Distributions of the basic AAs were in the reversed order of the acidic AAs. In bark fertilizer with increasing compost maturity, contents of the acidic AAs were increased in compensation for the decreases in those of neutral and basic AAs. Results demonstrated that distributions of amino acids in humic acid of by-product fertilizers were different from composting raw materials and degrees of humification.