• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2005

recently, world is progressing large quantity consumption with continuous Innovation and economic growth and pollution is accelerated at these process. Increase of industry activity and service that is point of corporation activity is discharging environmental pollutants at whole process to manufacture of end product and exhaust process from acquisition of raw material for accompanied product production hereupon. At the same time, being promoting resources consumption by that use much raw material, As a result, is becoming obstacle factors in sustainable development. So, corporation's responsibility for environmental protection is emphasized. Corporation which must prepare in green round or environmental problems should consider environmental effects that is happened over whole life of products that include waste treatment after raw material acquisition and use as well as selling end product simply. A Life Cycle Assessment techniques is normalized and standardized in International Standard Organization for technical committee 207(TC 207) world widely, and effort to apply in corporation's activity because mastering LCA techniques in domestic several corporations is undergone actively. Coming into effect of Kyoto's Protocol and International Organization for Standard 14000 series revision are presenting new survival principle in competition between country or corporation. LCA technique may become very useful means to corporation which wish to attempt environment management in real condition that awareness for environment is important. Also, An LCA to each product is going to cause big effects in corporation's whole image as well as competitive power raising for single product. Therefore, this research wishes to examine some instances for the future competitive product development at the estimation of environmental friendliness using LCA techniques and more theoretical considerations of the LCA techniques that can dominate corporation's fate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2001

The Keum river is one of the important river in Korea and has a drainage area of 9,873$\textrm{km}^2$. The Keum river is deepening pollution state due to development of the lower city and construction of a industrial complex. The water quality of the Keum river come to eutrophication state and belong to III grade of water quality standard. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The purpose of this study was to survey the chatacteristics of water quality in summer and to estimate reaction coefficient. Also, we studied to correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) for estimation of the autochthonous BOD. The correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) were obtained through the culture experiment of phytoplankton in the laboratory. The results of this study may be summarized as follows ; The characteristics of water quality in summer were belong to III~IV grade of water quality standard as BOD and nutritive condition is very high. The BOD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate loadings in Miho stream which inflowing untreated sewage from Chungju city was occupied with 64.07%, 26.36%, 46.08%, respectively. Maximum nutrient uptake (Vmax) was 0.4400$\mu$M/hr as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 0.1652$\mu$M/hr as substrate of phosphate. Maximum specific growth rate ($\mu$max) was 1.2525$hr^{-1}$ as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 1.5177$hr^{-1}$ as substrate of phosphate. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and BOD by the culture experiment were found to be 0.911~0.935 and 0.942~0.947 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and COD through the culture experiment were found to be 0.918~0.977 and 0.880~0.931 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The autochthonous BOD(COD) was estimated to the relationship between BOD(COD) and chlorophyll a. The regression equation were found to be autochthonous BOD=(0.045~0.073)${\times}chlorophyll$ a and autochthonous $COD=(0.137~0.182){\times}chlorophyll$ a.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2015

Many studies have investigated the airborne chlorides that can weaken the overall durability of the concrete structures due to the corrosion of steel materials, but most of the studies have aimed to examine weathering by exposing various construction materials to the actual oceanic environment. However, with the exposure test, it was difficult to find the threshold of precise corrosive amount of airborne chlorides due to diverse deteriorating environmental factors such as ultraviolet ray, acid rain, floating material from industrial pollution as well as airborne chlorides. Therefore, in this study, an airborne chloride simulator was set up, in oder to conduct a corrosion accelerating test for steels coated by five different finishing materials. As results, it was found that the corrosion began to be observed at $0.58{\sim}0.73mg/dm^2$ for no-coated steel, at $7.89{\sim}8.46mg/dm^2$for urethane-coated steel, at $57.95{\sim}69.48mg/dm^2$ for red lead-coated steel, and at $80.73{\sim}89.35mg/dm^2$ for stainless-coated steel, respectively. Hence, these specific data can be considered as the threshold ranges of corrosion for each coating material for steel.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 1979

Water of river gets great concern about its quality, which might be polluted with pollutant from various industrial plants booming along the river sides in recent years. As a first step to prevent any applciable damage due to water pollution, survey on the water quality of Keum river at Sintanjin, Maepo, Taepyongri, Kongju, Puyeo and Kanggeng, six regions was conducted during september, 1977 through august, 1978 and the results were summarized as follow: 1. There were no significant regional and monthly difference in pH, $NO_2-N$, and $NO_3-N$ of water. 2. The BOD at Puyeo, Kanggeng was 3.9 to 5.6, 5.6 to 6.0 ppm, respectively, and those values reached the limiting level for tap water sources. 3. The BOD at Maepo, where Daejeon streams meet, was found 1.9, 3.0, and 2.1 times higher than those at Sintanjin region, during september, october and november, respectvely. 4. Content of DO was $7.6{\pm}3.8ppm$ in all surveyed regions and varied with water temperature and regional difference. 5. There were found regional difference and monthly difference in water hardness, suspended solid and $NH_3-N$.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2016

VOCs emissions from industries cause the air pollution and odor. In the industrial facilities, the existing odor treatment techniques have limits and problems. In this study, the optimum essential oil and metal oxide selected by screening test. lavender oil, cypress oil and TiO₂ were determined by deodorant materials and those were blended by 5%, 45%, 10%, respectively. In addition, the result of batch type experiments depending on the dilution rate, injection, rate, temperature showed that the optimum condition of deodorant is 6 mL of injection rate, and 200 times of dilution rate and the removal efficiency increased in proportion with temperature. In addition, the activation energy was calculated from the rate equation, which appeared in the 3-4 times lower than conventional deodorants.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2012

Strong alkaline electrolyzed water which is produced in cathode by electrolyzing the solution where electrolytes (NaCl, $K_2CO_3$ etc.) are added in diaphragm electrolytic cell, is eco-friendly and has cleaning effects. So, it is viewed as a substitution of chemical cleaner. In addition, strong alkaline electrolyzed water is being used by some Japanese automobile and precision parts manufacturing industries. When strong alkaline electrolyzed water is produced by using diaphragm electrolytic cell, it is necessarily produced at the anode side. Since strong acidic electrolyzed water produced is discarded when its utilization cannot be found, production efficiency of electrolyzed water is consequently decreased. Also, there is a weakness electrolytic efficiency is decreasing due to the pollution of diaphragm. In order to overcome this, non-diaphragm all-in-one electrolytic cell integrated with electrode reaction chamber and dilution chamber was applied. Strong alkaline electrolyzed water was produced for different composition of electrolytes, and their properties and characteristics were identified. In comparing the properties between strong alkaline electrolyzed water produced in diaphragm electrolytic cell and that produced in all-in-one electrolytic cell, the differences in ORP and chlorine concentration were found. In emulsification test to confirm surface-active capability, similar results were obtained and strong alkaline electrolyzed water produced in non-diaphragm all-in-one electrolytic cell was identified to be useable as a cleaner like strong alkaline electrolyzed water produced in diaphragm electrolytic cell. Strong alkaline electrolyzed water produced in non-diaphragm all-in-one electrolytic cell is thought to have sterilizing power because it has active chlorine which is different from strong alkaline electrolyzed water produced in diaphragm electrolytic cell.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.215-234
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• 2002

Groundwater Dam is one of the reliable techniques to get huge amount of groundwater abstraction for municipal, agricultural, drinking, industrial water supply system. It can be a major technique to solve water shortage problems when it based on the sufficient watershed, proper topology, and adequate aquifer distribution and pollution control, Groundwater Dam had initiated its construction by RDC(former KARICO) in early eighties in Korea and 4 of it in total were added more until late eighty. However, this technique has shrunken its application due to gradually decreased yield rate after sever years of construction. After we studied several existing sites precisely, we concluded that the main reason of decreasing yield rate was come form engineering roughness on construction in early nineties. Theoretically, the technique itself seemed to be little detectives however, there were a little application in the fields in Korea. With the recent advance in engineering fields, those defects in construction would be no longer obstacle to construct underground wall and the technique could be a one of major ground water production technique in the future. It is essential to study following items thoroughly before select the appropriate site. The topography and the site of the underground wall, aquifer distribution, the specific technique for wall construction to block groundwater flow effectively and strict quality control during construction are critical. The surface and ground water monitoring data should be collected. Sustainability of the Groundwater Dam with huge groundwater abstraction in long term should be based on the long-term water balance analysis for each site. The water quality, environmental effect analysis and maintenance achedule should be also analyzed and planned in prior. It is suggested that the two consecutive underground wall in the coastal area to prevent seawater intrusion beneath a single wall.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2002

Tributyltin compounds have been increasingly used in the form of plastic stabilizers, catalytic agents, industrial agricultural biocides, antifouling paint, and pesticides. Among these organotin compounds, large amounts of tributyltin(TBT) and triphenyltin(TPT) have been used as antifouling agents because they have a superior ability to prevent marine organism from being encrusted on ship bottoms and in culturing nets. Environmental pollution by these organotin compounds in the aquatic environment were undertaken. The international maritime Organization's established a provisional tolerable daily intake(TDI) of 1.6[micro]g TBTO/kg/ B.W. The Food and Agiculture Organization (of the United Nations)/world Health Organization's (FAO/WHO) proposed a TDI of 0.5ug TPT/kg BW/d. This study is conducted monitoring of TBT on seafoods in Korea and risk assessment for exposure on TBT in seafoods. Total hazard index(using Reference Dose : 0.3 ug TBTO/kg B.W/day) of intake exposure on seafoods is 0.04 as the 50th percentile, 0.08 as the 95th percentile. This value is estimated by Monte-Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball(Decisioneering Co., 2001).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 2019

In the marine area, the salt concentration in the soil increases, and the inland heavy metal pollution increases the damage of plants. In the inland industrial development area, researches on the genetic resources of plants together with the heavy metal accumulation of Co, Ni, Zn, and so on are required. Both of these problems have caused scientists to work hard to find plants that are likely to cause stress in plant roots. In this study, seeds of Arabis stelleri var. japonica collected near the shore were used for germination. The growth and development and tolerance of both Arabis and Arabidopsis seeds were investigated under laboratory culture conditions. As a result, Arabis showed resistance about 3 times in 250 mM nickle and cobalt, and more than 4 times in 1 mM zinc when compared to Arabidopsis. The tolerance of Arabis to Na salts increased by 20% or more at 50 mM concentration and Arabis was resistant to heavy metals and salt concentration. The accumulation of Na ions in the body was measured as a preparation for studying the intracellular mechanism. As a result, it showed a further decrease in resistance to ground water roots. It is considered that the activity of the exporting gene is important rather than the mechanism of accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2015

Indicators of environmental conditions qualitatively and quantitatively describe the state of the environment and natural resources, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has initiated and suggested AEIs (Agri-Environmental Indicators) to assess trends over time of the effects of agriculture on the environment and the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural and environmental policy measures since 1990's. This study aims to develop the state indicators of water quality for agricultural water, surface and groundwater, to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural activities and policies by qualifying the environmental levels of a nation. Status indicators were calculated according to the agricultural water quality standards of OECD and Korea, and their trends were analyzed over time. Particularly, nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) status indicators of ground water in 2013 were significantly lower than the ones in 2000. Overall, the water quality indicators of surface water in 2013 were higher than the ones in 2012, except for pH and DO. The groundwater quality indicators in 2013 were lower than those of previous years. The optimal management indicators were calculated to assess agricultural surface water and groundwater quality. The findings of this study indicated that the state indicators could play a significant role to establish policies and procedures for managing and conserving water resources. This study also discussed water pollution caused by agricultural and industrial effluents.