• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.74-90
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• 2010

The objectives of this paper are to introduce the GIS based resource circulation information, and to identify additional(or potential) industrial symbiosis based on existing industrial symbiosis and linkage-pair of industry by material. The resource circulation information contains information of the reuse of materials, water, and energy for all manufacturing companies in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The information can further be classified into the three steps -- input information(raw materials), flow information (products), and output information (by-products). The survey data from 3,768 industries and institutions in Ulsan Metropolitan area were collected and built into the GIS to analyze the mechanism of the industrial symbiosis. The results of this study strongly suggest that there are some additional industrial symbioses using by-products(materials, steam, waste water) and further efforts should be given to make them more effective. We expect that the methodology of building the resource circulation information of this study can be helpful to other local governments that try to build similar system.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.128-135
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• 2003

This study is performed to examine the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using recycled aggregate and industrial by-products. The test results show that the unit weight, compressive and flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity are decreased with increasing the content of recycled aggregate. But, the absorption ratio is increased with increasing the content of recycled aggregate. The unit weight is 2,237∼2,307 kg/$\textrm{m}^3$, the absorption ratio is 2.96∼4.12%, the compressive strength is 415∼532 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the flexural strength is 75∼96 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, the ultrasonic pulse velocity is 4,350∼4,949 m/s and the dynamic modulus of elasticity is $390\times10^3\;∼\;465\times10^3$ kg f/$\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively These recycled aggregate concrete can be used for high strength concrete.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.280-290
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• 2003

Many firms are trying to optimize their production and distribution functions separately, but possible savings by this approach may be limited. Nowadays, it is more important to analyze these two functions simultaneously by trading off the costs associated with the whole. In this paper, I treat a production and distribution planning problem for single-period inventory products comprised of a single production facility and multiple customers, with the aim of optimally coordinating important and interrelated decisions of production sequencing and vehicle routing. Then, I propose a hybrid genetic algorithm incorporating several local optimization techniques, HGAP, for integrated production-distribution planning. Computational results on test problems show that HGAP is effective and generates substantial cost savings over Hurter and Buer's decoupled planning approach in which vehicle routing is first developed and a production sequence is consequently derived. Especially, HGAP performs better on the problems where customers are dispersed with multi-item demand than on the problems where customers are divided into several zones based on single-item demand.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.11b
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• pp.79-83
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• 1999

A cationic demand(CD) is a very useful indication for determining the optimum dosage rate of retention aids to the papermaking stock at the wet end. Polyelectrolyte titration has been most often used to determine a CD. Highly accurate results can be obtained by this method when the ionic strength of sample is low. But this is accompanied by the serious errors when the ionic strength is higher than that corresponding to 20 milli molar(mM) monovalent, 2 mM divalent or 0.2 mM trivalent ions because of no occurrence of the end point of titration. Therefore, it is very difficult or almost impossible for the conventional method to be applied to the industrial suspensions such as papermaking stock and industrial waste water. Then a novel method using chromophoric labeled cationic polymer which can be applicable to the sample with high ionic strength has been developed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2008

Recently, there is a rise of accident by some defective products, especially it reported that a serious fact is a defect of design causing some problem since execute a product liability(PL), people who use products have been able to bo remunerated for a damage to those defects, so responsibilities of companies are rising more and more. Therefore, companies that are obligated to manufacture a safety product, and should make preparation for PL. For solving the problem, even though manufacturers tried to make a safety product ay mixed ways, it is seldom that its safety is considered from planning a design. This thesis has suggested a way aimed at improving a safety of products through considering a stage of a plan, by searching and analyzing the design-process in to each steps.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.241-255
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• 2023

The robust development of frog farming offered high economic benefits but created a large waste residue of frog bones and skin that received little attention. Over the years, inedible by-products have often been processed into biomolecules of potential value and environmental benefits, such as collagen, gelatin, and bioactive peptides. An overview of bioactive compounds on frog skins from various countries indicated that brevinin was the most abundant biological peptide found in frog skin. Other remaining compounds also possessed their highlighted activities, including antibacterial, stimulating insulin release and gastric hormone release, anti-cancer, and neuroregulatory. Notably, various components have been analyzed in the structure and sequence to give meaningful insight into clustering components related to their biological activity. This review may create a source of raw materials for the developmental research of by-products from frog skin and concomitantly reduce environmental pollution.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.22-43
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• 2017

It is urgently-needed to construct a green supply chain (GSC) from collection of used products through recycling of them to sales of products using the recycled parts. Besides, it is necessary to consider the uncertainty in product demand as a risk in a GSC. This study proposes the optimal operations for a GSC with a retailer and a manufacturer. A retailer pays an incentive for collection of used products from customers and sells a single type of products in a market. A manufacturer produces the products ordered by the retailer, using recyclable parts with acceptable quality and compensates the collection cost of used products as to the recycled parts. This paper discusses the following risk attitudes: risk-neutral attitude, risk-averse attitude, and risk-prone attitude. Using mean-variance analysis, the optimal decisions for product order quantity, collection incentive, and lower limit of quality level, in the decentralized GSC (DGSC) and the integrated GSC (IGSC) are made. DGSC optimizes the utility function of each member. IGSC does that of the whole system. The analysis numerically investigates how (i) risk attitude and (ii) quality of recyclable parts affect the optimal operations. Supply chain coordination between GSC members to shift IGSC from DGSC is discussed.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2010

There is a trend toward the world's manufacturing sites moving to East Asia. After manufacture, these products are transported to the advanced nations for their consumption demands. Among such advanced nations, the U.S.A. has the largest demand, and then Japan and European countries follow. It should be noted that the infrastructures of the Asian districts used for the production sites are rather limited, and the volume of products transported from these districts of Asia to the U.S.A is becoming tremendously large. This situation is causing very serious traffic problems. New products are required to be transported swiftly by air. Once the consumption and market demands are stable however, the products should be sent rather slowly, but in larger amounts. However, the airports of China are quite restricted in capacity, while the transportation volume is becoming large. As a result, transportation cost and the time required for transportation are increasing. Now, a third method is appearing. This is the so-called Sea and Air transportation. The cost and time in transit of this mode take mean positions between Air and Ocean services. At present there exists no well-thought-out strategy for how to allocate these three methods of transportation. This paper is an attempt to theoretically describe this mechanism and to discover the optimal way to allocate the three modes. For this purpose, several mathematical properties of value and cost of the products are defined, and on this basis a simulation of the transportation is established.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2009

This study proposes a new framework for designing disassembly methods. In recent years, environmental problems have become global issues. Recycling of used products or resources is recognized as a matter of significance since it may help reduce the risk of exhausting natural resources. Considering possible exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, reuse of products would gain more environmental significance. As yet, it relies hugely on manual disassembly, which labor cost places burden on the total recycling cost. The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology designing for manual disassembly works, and a creation method of a jig. By focusing on parts' connection and attachment relationship, parts are categorized in 5 categories (parent part, joint key part, attaching key part, child part, and independent part) according to the features that parts possess, and 3 kinds of connection relationships (parent part-joint key part connection, parent part-independent part connection and child part-child part connection) are clarified. Connection relationship and attachment relationship charts have also been created, and utilizing them, disassembly orders are settled, and a disassembly jig is devised. The proposed methodology is also applied to a real product and its work time is improved 42% form 31 to 13 seconds.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-269
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• 2017

In response to national and international regulations for resource circulation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the automotive industry has tried to reuse scrap parts and defective products produced in the disposal or production stages as recycled resources. Attempts have been made to reach the target recycling rate by reducing the number of material types required for each part. Moreover, in order to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets while maintaining the performance of existing products, lighter components are being developed. Existing products were 100% incinerated at the disposal stage, but the uni-materialized products were improved to be possible that it could be recycled 90% through scraps and the defective product in the pre-production and production stage. It also appears that the fuel efficiency improves through 56% lightweight compared to the existing product. In this paper, a preliminary assessment is conducted on the applicability of uni-materialized product development of car parts. The environmental impact values of existing products and developed prototypes are compared and analyzed through life cycle assessment.