• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2004

대기오염으로 인하여 산성비의 영향을 받고 있는 공단지역과 도시 근교 지역, 농촌 지역으로 나누어 각 산림지역 내에 있는 임외우와 수관 통과우에 대한 강우의 pH, EC 및 이온특성, 대기중 $SO_2,\;NO_2$의 농도, 해송림의 쇠퇴도를 분석하였다. 도시 근교 및 농촌 지역의 임외우는 $pH\;5.29{\sim}5.76$으로 공단지역보다 높게 나타났다. 수관 통과우는 공단 지역(온산, 농소)이 $pH\;4.64{\sim}4.98$, 도시 근교 지역(진주)이 $pH\;4.87{\sim}5.13$이었으며 전기전도도는 농촌 지역이나 도시 근교 지역보다 공단 지역이 높게 조사되었다. 임외우와 수관 통과의 음이온 중 $SO_4^{2-}$는 공단 지역이 농촌지역에 비해 각각 3배, 8배 이상 높게 나타났다. 해송의 쇠퇴도와 강우의 음이온 성분간의 상관분석을 실시한 결과는 해송의 쇠퇴도와 강우의 pH(r=-0.8374), pH와 $Cl^-$(r=-0.9324)이온 간에는 부의 상관이 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 1998

Oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cellular DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and others causing various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and heart diseases. 8-Hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) is one of the products formed from DNA or RNA damaged by ROS. Since high amounts of 8-OHG can be excreted in urine, it may serve as a potential biomarker indicating the level of oxidative damage to nucleic acids. Residents in industrial area with severe air pollution are expected to be affected by higher level of oxidative stress from pollutants like polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc. Smokers are also expected to be damaged by higher level of oxidative stress from cigarette smoke components like PAHs than non-smokers. To examine if the determination of the urinary concentration of 8-OHG could be used as exposure biomarker for the oxidative stress caused by air-pollutants, this study was performed to determine and compare the urinary concentrations of 8-OHG in smokers and non-smokers, or non-polluted area residents and polluted area residents. Urine samples were collected and purified by a strong cation exchange and cellulose partition column, then analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detector at 600 ㎷ potential. Concentrations of urinary 8-OHG in non-smokers and smokers of Seoul area college male students were determined as 15.12$\pm$9.68 (ng/mg creatinine) and 34.72$\pm$11.72 (ng/mg creatinine), respectively, showing significantly higher level of 8-OHG in smokers than in non-smokers. Urine samples of elementary school students were collected from Sokcho area, which is known to be non-polluted, and 3 representative polluted areas; Yocheon industrial area, Ulsan urban and Ulsan industrial area. The concentrations of 8-OHG in these samples were 12.42$\pm$8.27 (ng/ mg creatinine, Sokcho), 22.55$\pm$9.12 (ng/mg creatinine, Yocheon), 17.41$\pm$2.30 (ng/mg creatinine, Ulsan urban), 55.04$\pm$39.73 (ng/mg creatinine, Ulsan industrial). Thus, samples from polluted area tend to have higher level of 8-OHG and the levels of Yocheon and Ulsan industrial area were significantly higher than that of Sokcho area. The results indicate that the residents of polluted industrial area or smokers are more severely exposed to oxidative stress probably caused by air pollutants like PAHs. Thus, the determination of urinary 8-OHG concentration could be used as biomarker for the extent of body exposure to oxidative stress caused by various pollutants.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.224-233
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between residential surroundings, such as a power plant, steel mill and petrochemical facilities, and urinary arsenic concentrations in Chungcheongnam-do Province, Korea. Methods: Stratified by fish consumption and residential district, median and maximum block sampling was applied. A total of 346 spot urine samples were speciated for $As^{5+}$, $As^{3+}$, monomethylarsonic acid(MMA), dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB). Exposure assessment was based on questionnaires including data on sex, age, current tobacco use, fish consumption, type of water consumed, and occupational category. Results: Urinary $As^{5+}+As^{3+}+MMA+DMA$ concentrations of people living in the vicinity of a power plant ($GM=50.39{\mu}g/g$) were 61% higher than those of people living in the inland area according to median block sampling. Urinary $As^{5+}+As^{3+}+MMA+DMA+AsB$ concentrations of people living in the vicinity of industrial complex area were higher than those of people living in the inland area according to block sampling by median and maximum. Conclusion: Urinary arsenic concentrations of people living in vulnerable areas such as around industrial complexes, especially power plants, were higher than those of people living in an inland area.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

This study was performed to evaluate a applicability of TCM(Texas Climatological Model) model to a industrial area sush as CUNSAN and a possibility to provide necessary informaitons for air quality management. The air pollutants were measured at 6 sampling sites of GUNSAN industrial area from june to july in 1989. The model was checked by comparing the observed data with estimated data. The meteorological data for wind direction and wind speed were obtained from the observatory station in GUNSAN. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Average concentrations of air pollutants at all sampling sites were SO$_{2}$ 0.011-0.019 ppm. NO$_{2}$ 0.012-0.017 ppm. CO 0.6-1.0 ppm. TSP 45.8-64.2 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$. 2. The emission amounts show that point source are in general higher than area source. 3. As a results of correlation analysis, relationship between SO$_{2}$ concentration in the observed value and estimated value showed positive significance.(r = 0.766) 4. The sulfer content of the 1.6% at present to 0.8%, which means a 53.3% reduction. By controlling stack height could be lowered 14.5%, but the effective way of emission control is use of the lower sulfer fuels than controlling stack height. 5. The ratio between SO$_{2}$ contration in the observed value and estimated value showed 1.05. There-fore, the TCM model was quite effective in predicting air quality in GUNSAN industrial area.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.100-101
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• 2007

Polymer thick film capacitors were successfully fabricated by using ink-jet printing and screen printing technology. First, a bottom electrode was patterned by ink-jet printing of a nano-sized silver ink. Next, a dielectric layer was formed by the screen printing, then a top electrode was pattern by ink-jet printing of a nano-sized silver ink. The printed area of the dielectric layers were changed into $2{\times}2m^2$and $4{\times}2m^2$, and also the area of the electrodes were patterned with $1{\times}1mm^2$ and $1{\times}3mm^2$. The thickness of the printed dielectric layer was ranged from 1.1 to $1.4{\mu}m$. The analysis of capacitances verified that the capacitances was proportional to the area of the printed electrode. The capacitances of the fabricated capacitors resulted in one third of the calculated capacitances.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.189-201
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• 1999

Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in the urban environment and is a well-known toxic element. It may cause adverse health effects on hematopoietic system, peripheral and central nervous systems, kidney functions, and others. In recent decades, lead concentration in blood has been widely used one of indicators for lead exposure and risk evaluation. In this study, we determined the blood-lead levels in general populations of Korea, and investigated the relationship among blood-lead levels, sociobehavioral factors, and lead concentrations in the contacted environments such as ambient air, drinking water, and foods. The study subjects consisted of volunteers who had lived in the residential or industrial area in Korea. Information about gender, age, living area, occupation, smoking, heat system, and dietary habits, etc was collected using a self-reported questionnaires. The lead concentrations of environments were collected by literature search to the study area. Participated subjects in industrial area were 726 and their blood-lead levels were 8.58 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for males and 6.26 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for female in average. The other subjects in residential area were 317 and their blood-lead levels were 4.58 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for males and 3.49 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl for female in average. The distribution of blood-lead level in the industrial subjects was well fitted to the log -normal distribution and that in the residential subjects was well fitted to the normal distribution. Blood-lead levels in both area were affected by gender, smoking habit, age and residence duration except age in industrial area and residence duration in residential area. It was identified that 30% of blood-lead level was contributed from the inhalation of ambient air in the industrial area, and 8.4% of blood-lead level was from that in the residential area. from this study, it would be suggested for the health risk assessment and management of lead pollution concerns in urban, industrial and rural areas.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2008

An efficient location registration scheme is essential to accommodate continuously increasing mobile subscribers and to offer a variety of multimedia services with good quality. In this study, we consider a distance-based registration scheme where the number of location areas varies on the basis of cell-by-cell, not of ring-by-ring, to analyze the optimal size of the location area. Using our proposed cell-by-cell distance-based registration scheme with random walk mobility model, we analyze a variety of circumstances to obtain the optimal number of cells for location area that minimizes total signaling traffic on radio channels. From our analysis results, we show that the optimal number of cells for location area is between 4 and 6 in most cases, and our cell-by-cell distance-based location registration scheme has less signaling traffic than optimal ring-by-ring distance-based location registration scheme where optimal distance threshold is 2 (thus the optimal number of cells for location area is 7).

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2015

산업단지의 유량 및 오염물질 유출 특성을 분석하기 위하여, SWMM 모형을 시화산업단지 1간선수로에 적용하여 분석하였다. 2008년과 2009년에 시화1간선수로에서 측정한 6회의 단일 강우 사상을 대상으로 유출량 및 SS, COD, TN 및 TP 부하량의 보정을 실시하였다. 대부분 불투수지역으로 구성되어 있는 시화1간선수로 유역의 오염물질의 축적 과정은 지수 형태로 이루어진 후 강우에 유출되는 Power-linear을, 쓸림은 토지이용에 따라서 도시지역은 초기 세척을 잘 묘사할 수 있는 Power-Exponential이 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 검증된 SWMM 모형을 활용하여 불투수면적의 변화가 산업단지 내 유출량 및 첨두시간 변화에 미치는 영향 분석하였다. 본 연구지역에서는 불투수면적 증가에 따라 유출량의 감소는 보였으나, 첨두시간에는 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 산업단지의 불투수면 저감방안 수립 및 유역 관리를 위한 기초정보로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the level of physical exposure to heavy metals among residents who live around a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex and to provide baseline data on the effects and harms of heavy metals on the human body by comparing their exposure levels to those of people from control regions. Methods: We measured blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury and chromium levels and conducted a survey among 559 residents from the affected area and 347 residents of other areas. Results: Blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury levels were significantly higher in the case region than among those in the control region (p=0.013, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the thermoelectric power plant area, blood cadmium and urine mercury levels were significantly higher than in the control region (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the steel mill and petrochemical industry areas, blood cadmium level was significantly higher than that in the control region (p<0.001). Dividing groups by the reference level of blood cadmium ($2{\mu}g/L$), the odds ratios between the case and control regions were 2.56 (95% CI=1.83-3.58), 3.11 (95% CI=2.06-4.71) for the thermoelectric power plant area, 1.78 (95% CI=1.19-2.65) for the steel mill area and 4.07 (95% CI=2.40-6.89) for petrochemical industry area. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of exposure to heavy metals among residents living near a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex were significantly higher than those in the control region. This seems to be attributable to exposure to heavy metals emissions from the industrial complex. Further research and safety measures are required to protect residents' health.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1981

While one characteristic of modern enterprises is that their forms are mostly stock company type profit organization the other characteristic is that such modern enterprises have mostly been managing under separation between capital and management. The term "Separation of ownership and Management" means that a company is controlled and managed not by its financier or investor but by the professional manager equipped with scientific management skill and knowledge. Nowadays, separation between capital and management could be adopted by advent of professional managers, and the enterprises are managed not exclusively by the interested group of stockholders but by the professional managers Professional managers can manage their enterprises in such a way as to guarantee to achieve sociality and public interests required in the modern enterprises. The purpose of this study is to formalize management ideology of enterprises in Daegu Area by means of comparative study on the degree of separation of ownership and management among enterprises in the United States, Japan and Daegu Area, thus to advise enterprising men of management idea-logy formalized. Findings from the comparative study are as follows 1. There are differences in staffing and financing between enterprises of the United States and those of Japan and Daegu Area. 2. Degree of Separation of ownership and management in Japan and Daegu Area is much less than that of the United States, and 3. The degree of separation of ownership and management is higher in open enterprises in Daegu Area. Accordingly. enterprises in Daegu Area should adopt up-to-data management theory and techniques in order to be developed themselves, and furthermore, to contribute to both the nation and the local community in economic development. In modern industrial society, the scale enterprise organization is growing very rapidly and the managerial circumstances are very much complicate and variable , thus the demand for the competent managers equipped with management knowledge and ability are high. The necessity of systematic and efficient managerial training is social demand needed urgently in modern industrial society. Therefore, it is necessary for the enterprising men in Daegu Area to establish cooperation system between university and industry in which they can participate voluntarily.luntarily.