• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the change of heating environment with the creation of an indoor water space. Living environments and comfort of dwellers can be improved by utilizing the physical properties of water effectively. This study focuses on the basic examination of the effect of water space and the environmental effects of water space by experiment. Two identical models were fabricated to compare the changes in indoor temperature and humidity with and without a water space. With the water space, temperature was reduced by an average of $0.55^{\circ}C$ a day and moisture content increased by an average of 4%. As a result, it was possible to obtain quantitative data on water space's temperature reduction and humidity control capacities. This study is expected to provide basic information for further studies on the effect of water spaces in various buildings.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2004

In the present study, the cooling characteristics of the multi-air conditioner (A/C) using an inverter scroll compressor are experimentally investigated for the number of the indoor units and the operating conditions (2$0^{\circ}C$, 24$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$) under the cooling standard conditions by KS C 9306. In the case of the simultaneous operation for 3 indoor units, the cooling capacity, the mass flow rate and the input power have a decreasing trend and COP has an increasing trend, with decreasing the difference in the operating temperature of the indoor unit and the room temperature. In the case of the simultaneous operation for 2 indoor units, the COP of the indoor unit with large cooling capacity is high when the operating temperature is high, but the COP of the indoor unit with low cooling capacity is high when the operating temperature is low. In the case of the single operation for one unit, when the large cooling capacity of the indoor unit is less than 50％ the compressor operates at the minimum operation frequency region and the COP decreases.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2012

This research is an illustrative research to verify the thermo environmental change created after introduction of indoor pond through abridged model test and simulation analysis. Especially, temperature and comfort level are analyzed by adjusting factors like size of water space, distance length, and location. Summary of the research is as follows. First, the most effective size of water space is 7% of the indoor size, from southern side. Temperature reduction effect is about $1.6^{\circ}C$(5.5%), and for the comfort level, it is found that pmv index increases 8%. Second, based on the simulation of distance length with the sphere, it is more effective as it is close to the surface. If distance length is more than 0.5m, there is no effect on reduction of temperature and comfort level of indoor environment. Lastly, for the analysis by location of the introduced water space, simulation is undertaken by dividing the water space (14% of the indoor size) with front, side, rear and center types. Temperature reduction effect is found to be : front type ($-1.53^{\circ}C$), side type ($-0.82^{\circ}C$), rear type ($-0.44^{\circ}C$), center type ($-0.28^{\circ}C$), respectively. The indoor environment change data by introduction of water space, found in this research, is at initial phase, but it is deemed to be a basic data to refer when planning actual water space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.25 no.2_2
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2022

The solar energy has been widely used to reduce the fossil fuel and prevent the environmental pollution. The renewable energy including solar heat tends to spread due to carbon neutrality for main country of the world. Targets of solar collector are usually acquisitions of hot water or hot air. Especially, air-heating collector using solar heat is known as the technology for obtaining hot air. This study aims to investigate of characteristics of thermal flow when the hot air by air-heating collector using solar heat flows inside of indoor space. The thermal flow of heating indoor space was simulated using ANSYS-CFX program and thus the behaviors of hot air in indoor space were evaluated with standard k-𝜀 turbulence model. As the results, as the inlet velocity was increased, the behaviors of hot air became simple, and temperature range of 25~75℃ had almost no effect on behavior of flow. As the inlet temperature was increased, the temperature curve of indoor space from bottom to top was changed from linear to quadratic. Furthermore, it was confirmed that inlet velocity as well as inlet temperature also should be considered to heat indoor space equally by air-heating collector using solar heat.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of the indoor thermal environment in apartment units and to analyze the relationship between the living factors and indoor thermal elements. The field surveys consisted of measurements of physical elements and observations of living factors. In addition, the residents of 20 apartment units were interviewed to survey their subjective response. Field surveys were carried out from January to March 2007. Measuring elements were air temperature, globe temperature, and relative humidity. The results showed that the average of indoor temperature for the houses was $21.2{\sim}27.2^{\circ}C$, while 4 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The average of globe temperature for the houses was $21.3{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$, while 6 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The mean relative humidity was $19.5{\sim}58.8%$, which is a relatively dry condition. The residents' average clothing value was $0.39{\sim}0.89$ clo(average 0.68 clo). The average thermal sensation vote on each room was $4.2{\sim}4.8$, which is 'neutral' to 'slightly warm'. Living factors had significant effect on indoor temperature in regression analysis were ventilation time(outdoor air exchange), opening time of door through balcony, and gas cooker use time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.467-474
• /
• 2001

The mathematical model of a air-conditioning system is generally very complex and difficult to apply to controller design. In this paper, simple models applicable to the controller design are obtained by modeling the air-conditioning system by single-input single-output between compressor speed and indoor temperature, and by multi-input single-output between compressor speed, indoor fan speed and indoor temperature. Using these empirical models, model predictive control(MPC) technique was implemented for indoor temperature control of the air-conditioning system. It has been shown from various experiments that the indoor temperature control based on the MPC scheme yields reasonably good tracking performance with smooth changes in plant inputs. this multi-input multi-output MPC approach can be extended to multi air- conditioning systems where the conventional PID control scheme is very difficult to apply.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 1999

This survey is to investigate the effect of plants and waterscape facilities on the thermal indoor environment and to provide basic data for proper plant cultivation to enhance indoor landscape. The survey of the measure of comfort on the indoor environment for the residents of Taegu shows that the measure of comfort on the thermal-environment, which consist of temperature and humidity, has more negative responses than the measure on lighting . are . sound environment, which consists of air freshness, lighting condition and sound environment. The experiments on the effect of the amount of leaves and the distance of plants on the indoor thermal-environment are made. The experimental results illustrate that, as the capacity of a plant becomes greater and the distance from the plant shorter, the falling effect of temperature and the rising effect of humidity on the top of the plant are taken higher than on the side of the plant. When the same amount of leaves is set up, the distance range of the rising effect of humidity becomes wider than that of the falling effect of temperature. The investigation of the effect of waterscape facilities on the indoor thermal-environment shows that temperature and humidity of the space with installed waterscape facilities are lower and higher than without facilities, respectively.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.281-284
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to make clear the present condition of indoor thermal environment in apartment units and to analyze the relation of the living factors with indoor thermal elements. The field surveys consisted of measurements on physical elements and observations on living factors and interview on resident's subjective responses were carried out in 20 apartment units. The field surveys were carried out during the $January{\sim}March$ 2007. Measuring elements were air temperature, globe temperature, and relative humidity. As results, the averages of indoor temperature each houses were $21.2{\sim}27.2^{\circ}C$, the number of houses exceed the comfort zone were 4. The averages of globe temperature each houses were $21.3{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$, 6 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The means of relative humidity were $19.5{\sim}58.8%$, relatively dry condition. The clothing value of residents were $0.39{\sim}0.89$ clo(average 0.68 clo). The average of thermal sensation ratings each room were $4.2{\sim}4.8$, 'neutral'$\sim$'slightly warm'. The results of regression analysis on relations of living factors with the thermal elements are as follow; ventilation time(outdoor air exchange), door opening time with balcony, and gas cooker use time had significant effect on indoor temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 2010

Experimental study on the operating characteristics of a solar hybrid heat pump system according to indoor setting temperature were carried out during spring and winter season. The system was consisted of a concentric evacuated tube solar collector, heat medium tank, heat storage tank, and heat pump. As a result, the heating load was increased by 21.1% when the indoor setting temperature rose by 2oC for the same ambient temperature. Besides, the spring season had good outdoor conditions compared to the winter season, therefore the heating load was reduced and heat gain by collector increased, relatively. In case of the winter season, the solar fraction was shown less than 10% because the heat losses of system and space increased considerably. The solar fraction decreased significantly as the indoor setting temperature increased.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.532-540
• /
• 2001

The objectives of this study are to analyze the control variables according to condensation occurrence, to find the range in floor surface temperature and frequency of condensation, and to evaluate the control methods through simulations when the radiant heating system is used for cooling. Through the simulation analysis the control methods such as on/off control, variable flow control and outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control are evaluated and compared. The results show that the lowest floor surface temperature is around $23^{\circ}C$, the surface condensation can be prevented by controlling indoor humidity within 20g/kg(DA0, and that outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control is more appropriate than on/off control and variable flow control with regard to prevention of the condensation and thermal comfort.