• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.162-167
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• 2011

Thermal storage plays an important role in building energy saving, which is greatly assisted by the incorporation of latent heat storage in building materials. A phase change material is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, can be storing and releasing large amount of energy. Heat is stored or released when the material changes from solid to liquid. Integration of building materials incorporating PCMs into the building envelope can result in increased efficiency of the built environment. The aim of this research is to identify thermal performance of PCMs impregnated building materials which is applied to interior of building such as gypsum and red clay. In order to analyze thermal performance of phase change materials, test-cell experiments and simulation analysis were carried out. The results show that micro-encapsulated PCM has an effect to maintain a constant indoor temperature using latent heat through the test-cell experiments. PCM wallboard makes it possible to reduce the fluctuation of room temperature and heating and cooling load by using EnergyPlus simulation program. Phase change material can store solar energy directly in buildings. Increasing the heat capacity of a building is capable of improving human comfort by decreasing the frequency of indoor air temperature swings so that the interior air temperature is closer to the desired temperature for a long period of time.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

In order to predict the indoor air pollutant, the VOCs emission rate is used through small chamber in the design process. However, the small chamber method has limitations as the convective mass transfer coefficient, the most important factor when predicting VOCs contamination of indoor air, is different between the small chamber result and the measured data in the actual building. Furthermore, the existing studies which analyzed mass transfer coefficient in the small chamber were directed on the small chambers developed at the time and FLEC(Field and Laboratory Emission Cell), thus, are different from the current small chamber which has been changed with improvements. The purpose of this study is to determine the emission rate of pollutant in double-layered building materials through the CFD(Computational of Fluid Dynamics) and Numerical analysis based on the mass transfer coefficient on singled-layered building material by using the current small chamber widely used in Korea. Futhermore, this study used the new convective mass transfer coefficient($h_m'$) which indicates the existing convective mass transfer coefficient($h_m$) including VOC partition coefficient(k). Also, formaldehyde was selected as target pollutant.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

Effort has been performed for latest 20 years to improve resident's comfort and indoor environment in building. And interest and effort to improve indoor air environment among various indoor environment elements have continuously increased since 1990s, because it is examined scientifically that various contaminants generated indoor affect human body. Specially, indoor air contaminants generated from apartments are those exhausted from resident's indoor environment, closing materials and household. Indoor air environment in buildings is different according to pollution degree, existence availability of pollution source, ventilation amount, and meteorology. It is known that other contaminants more than about 900 kinds generate according to a kind of work or action in a room. Specially, nowadays buildings are well insulated and confidentiality-centered for environment protection and economical side. So indoor air contaminants are generated from indoor air pollution sauces of unprepared ventilation, human body carbon dioxide emissions, and various building materials. when these are accumulated in long term human body, it is harmful to resident's health, but awareness for this is very insufficient. Because bedroom is space that people inhabit for a long time by unconscious state and indoor environment occupies important part for resident's health and quality of life at sleep, the actual condition of air quality is investigated, improvement countermeasure is considered, and ventilation amount is analyzed. In this study, putting case that the most longest stayed time is sleeping time when people inhabit in the apartment, the air quality according to volume of bedroom space at sleep was measured and analyzed, and the data acquired will be the basis for improvement on this.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

Since the seventies and the oil crisis, energy-saving measures have led to a reduction in the ventilation of room. The use of synthetic materials which emit various chemical substances had led to an increase in the concentration of indoor pollutants. "Sick building syndrome (SBS)" and "Sick house syndrome (SHS)" are worldwide problems. Also, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs (Volatile organic compound) and HCHO (Formaldehyde) has increased. It is important that evaluating and understanding emission of indoor air pollutant from building materials. The object of this study was to evaluate emission test method for flooring such as wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile, and to determine emission of TVOC and form-aldehyde. The quantity of TVOC and carbonyl compounds emission were sampled and measured by Tenax TA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD), 2,4-DNPH cartrige with ozone scrubber and high performance liquid from flooring. The TVOC concentration emitted from carpet tile was ($7.419\;mg/m^2 h$) the highest among 5 groups of test materials. In wood based flooring and PVC tile, the emitted concentration of toluene was high. And the dodecane emission was highest in carpet. The concentration of TVOC decreased by an increase in emission test period. After 7 days, the concentration of TVOC from floorings were about 50% below of the concentration at the first day. TVOC emission from wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile were decreased in 28 days and remained steady after about 15 days. The concentration of formaldehyde emission from floorings showed extremely low.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.232-233
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• 2018

Among the recent environmental pollution, indoor air pollution has an adverse effect on the health of indoor residents. Radon, one of the causes of indoor air pollution, is released from concrete, gypsum board and asbestos slate among building materials. Radon is a primary carcinogen and is a colorless, tasteless, odorless inert gas that adheres to airborne dust and enters the body through breathing. At this time, there is a risk of developing cancer if the alpha rays from the lononggas entering the human body destroys the lung tissue and is continuously exposed to a high concentration of lonon gas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the reduction of radon and its exposure to radon by classifying it as a first-level carcinogen, but many people have not recognized it yet, and the research is underdeveloped. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the properties of adsorbed coconut radon to prevent the inflow of radon gas, which is an air pollution source of indoor air, and to prevent inflow into the human body.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

Recently, interest in indoor air quality is increasing. Especially, radon radioactivity among the indoor air is a well-known risk factor for lung cancer because of ionizing radiation in the form of ${\alpha}$-particles. This study was carried out to investigate effect of black charcoal and activated carbon for reduction of radon radiation that emitted from building materials. Black charcoal and activated carbon were used as a barrier which was against the infiltration of radon. The source of radon was gypsum board. Two types of charcoal barrier were powder- and board-type with 5 mm, 10 mm thickness respectively. The method for this determination is evaluated radon concentration in chamber. The measurements were performed with radon detector, SARAD3120. Results of this study are as following: Black charcoal and activated carbon confirmed the highly efficient barrier. Radon concentration was reduced from 72% to 85% as compared the control chamber. Radon reduction capability, however, was no difference as barrier's types. Results obtained in ventilation condition, radon concentration shows 5.93 pCi/L on average in the closed condition and shows 2.69 pCi/L in the opened condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Caused on the excessive heat accumulation of concrete material, the indoor thermal environment of reinforced concrete building is so bad in Okinawa. As the interruption of solar radiation could be one of the methods to improve it, the purpose of this study is to find out the effect of adopting solar radiation interrupting materials -Solar insulating block, Grass, and both of them- for the improvement of thermal environment. As the result, it was found that grass on the solar insulating block which has an air layer obviously improved the indoor thermal environment of RC building which was applied to. And it was found that the systems have an effectuality on heat island phenomenon simultaneously. It could be proposed as a good system which improve the indoor thermal environment of the existent houses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2022

Tile defects in apartment houses are caused by a combination of various factors. These factors cannot be specified, and it is difficult to determine the exact cause because a number of causes are intertwined. In addition, because the climate of Korea is different by season, the coefficient of thermal expansion between materials is different, which is a major cause of tile defects. Therefore, this study analyzed the difference between the construction location and the period of defect occurrence according to the types of tile defects caused by environmental differences between indoor and outdoor environments. Two-way ANOVA was used, indoor and outdoor spaces were selected, and defect types were selected accordingly to show the difference in the occurrence period of each defect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2013

Objectives: The indoor air quality of newly-built (NC) and remodeled (RC) school classrooms was assessed. The primary aim was to show correlations between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) pollutant levels. Methods: This study investigated the indoor air concentrations of VOCs and HCHO at 26 sites of newly built and 68 sites of remodeled classrooms located in South Gyeongsang Province between 2010 and 2012. VOCs in the indoor air were determined by adsorbent tube (Tenax TA) and automatic thermal desorption coupled with GC-MS analysis. Target analytes were five VOCs: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene. HCHO was collected with a 2,4-DNPH cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. Conclusions: This study estimated that indoor VOCs and HCHO concentrations in the classrooms were mainly affected by interior building materials and classroom equipment. For proper indoor air quality in schools, classroom air should be improved through reduction of hazardous materials by adequate ventilation, selecting environmental friendly materials, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.2 s.74
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• pp.150-157
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• 2006

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is an illness symptom such as irritation of eyes, skin eruption and vomit ing in newly constructed buildings. It is mainly due to the harmful gases from the materials installed in building such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs), floating bacteria, fungi, fungal spores and viruses, human bioeffluents in many modem buildings. The general ways to improve the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) are ventilating, utilizing eco-material without harmful gases and reducing or removing harmful gases through additional treatment to the building materials. This study aimed to improve the Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) by applying surface coating on the building materials and to make safe living environments through the analysis of air quality before and after surface coating treatment in buildings.