• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of $AgNO_3$ influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of $AgNO_3$ also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding $AgNO_3$ to the medium. Two mg/L $AgNO_3$ appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

Twenty-eight of 44 Indian Ceropegia species are endemic and their survival is threatened. As a step towards conservation, we implied in vitro methods for the sustainable propagule production in C. hirsuta, C. lawii, C. maccannii, C. oculata and C. sahyadrica. Effects of explant, growth regulators, sucrose and photoperiod were studied. High frequency microtuber production was achieved with the seedling-apical buds, grown on MS medium containing 4-6 mg $1^{-1}$ BAP, 3-8% (w/v) sucrose, under continuous illumination. Each microtuber, when subcultured proliferated to form a cluster of secondary microtubers. Every primary and secondary microtuber bore at least one shoot-bud and a root primordium. Each tuber (formed with any of the significantly effective treatments) weighed more than 500 mg, enough to plant directly in non-sterilized soils. Microtubers could be produced and proliferated round the year. Proliferation could be solely attributed to in vitro procedures as these plants bear solitary tubers in vivo. Microtubers could be sprouted in vitro to prepare ready to pot plantlets. As, this novel method succeeded for all five species, though they belong to different eco-physiological backgrounds, we recommend its implementation in the conservation programs for a broader range of Ceropegia species, supported by other integrated strategies.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.196-210
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• 2017

The synergistic effect on phosphate solubilization of single- and co-inoculation of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia (C1) and Alcaligenes aquatilis (H6), was assessed in liquid medium and maize plants. Co-inoculation of two strains was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus (309.66 ?g/mL) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. cepacia (305.49 ?g/mL) and A. aquatilis strain (282.38 ?g/mL). Based on a plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculated maize seedlings showed significant increases in shoot height (75%), shoot fresh weight (93.10%), shoot dry weight (84.99%), root maximum length (55.95%), root fresh weight (66.66%), root dry weight (275%), and maximum leaf length (81.53%), compared to the uninoculated control. In a field experiment, co-inoculated maize seedlings showed significant increases in cob length (136.92%), number of grain/cob (46.68%), and grain weight (67.46%) over control. In addition, single inoculation of maize seedlings also showed improved result over control. However, there was no significant difference between single inoculation of either bacterial strains and co-inoculation of these two bacterial strains in terms of phosphate solubilization index, phosphorous release, pH of the media, and plant growth parameters. Thus, single inoculation and co-inoculation of these bacteria could be used as biofertilizer for improving maize growth and yield.

• 한국공간구조학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2002

Formerly, it was called a tent and now, it is called membrane structure. If saying a tent, it imagines the tent of Bedouin, Mongolia and North American Indian. It became clear from the excavated wall painting that have been covered with the retractable roof of the canvas on the auditorium at the amphitheater in Pompeii and became a topic. These tents were made of the animal skins or fabric woven with the flax plants, and these tents are still used. However, if saying membrane material at present, it says the one to have applied a coating resin to the textile. Because the base fabric of membrane material is a woven fabric, the relation between the stress and the strain is different to the direction of the weaving thread. Moreover, the tensile force must always occur in the membrane surface. From these reasons, because the membrane structure corresponds to the particular building material and the construction method about the Building Standard Law, it must be examined specially that the membrane structural building have the same or any more safety as the provisions which was set to the Building Standard Law. Therefore, the technical standards about the membrane structural building became indispensable. In the paper, the kinds of the membrane materials, which are used for the membrane structural buildings, and technical standards process of the creating for the membrane structure buildings are introduced. Lastly, some of the soccer stadiums for 2002 FIFA World Cup KOREA/JAPAN which be covered with the roof of the membrane structures are presented.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2009

Adventitious root culture was established in the Jawahar variety of Withania somnifera using MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 (mg/l) IAA and 2.0 (mg/l) IBA. Root tips from germinated seedlings, MS0 maintained plants and adventitious roots were maintained in suspension medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 3% sucrose) for a period of 1 to 6 months. The weight gain in roots was noted and the withanolides were extracted from the dry roots using solvents petroleum ether, 50% ethanol and chloroform. The withanolides in the chloroform fractions of all root samples analyzed were compared using thin layer chromatographic analysis. Withanolide content in adventitious root sample was found to be superior compared to other roots at any given point of time during the 6month growth period.HPLC analysis of in vitro adventitious roots showed the presence of a new compound.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.220-237
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• 2019

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the poorly rendered services in developing countries - limited resources, increasing population, rapid urbanization and application of outdated systems leads to inefficiency. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the SWM problem. Decision makers need to formulate solutions that consider multiple goals and strategies. Given the large number of available options for SWM and the inter-relationships among these options, identifying SWM strategies that satisfy economic or environmental objectives is a complex task. The paper develops a mathematical model for a municipal Integrated SWM system, taking into account waste generation rates, composition, transportation modes, processing techniques, revenues from waste processing, simulating waste management as closely as possible. The constraints include those linking waste flows and mass balance, processing plants capacity, landfill capacity, transport vehicle capacity and number of trips. The linear programming model integrating different functional elements was solved by LINGO optimization software and various possible waste management options were considered during analysis. The model thus serves as decision support tool to evaluate various waste management alternatives and obtain the least-cost combination of technologies for handling, treatment and disposal of solid waste.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.462-473
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• 2018

The uranium ore residues from the legacies of past uranium mining and milling activities that resulted from the less stringent environmental standards along with the uranium residues from the existing nuclear power plants continue to be a cause of concern as the final uranium residues are not made safe from radiological and general safety point of view. The deposition of uranium in ponds increases the risk of groundwater getting contaminated as these residues essentially leach through the upper unsaturated geological formation. In this context, a numerical model has been developed in order to forecast the $^{238}U$ and its progenies concentration in an unsaturated soil. The developed numerical model is implemented in a hypothetical uranium tailing pond consisting of sandy soil and silty soil types. The numerical results show that the $^{238}U$ and its progenies are migrating up to the depth of 90 m and 800 m after 10 y in silty and sandy soil, respectively. Essentially, silt may reduce the risk of contamination in the groundwater for longer time span and at the deeper depths. In general, a coupled effect of sorption and hydro-geological parameters (soil type, moisture context and hydraulic conductivity) decides the resultant uranium transport in subsurface environment.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2019

Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear walls are widely used in Nuclear power plants as effective lateral force resisting elements of the structure and these may experience nonlinear behavior for higher earthquake demand. Short shear walls of aspect ratio less than 1.5 generally experience combined shear flexure interaction. This paper presents the results of the displacement-controlled experiments performed on six RC short shear walls with varying aspect ratios (1, 1.25 and 1.5) for monotonic and reversed quasi-static cyclic loading. Simulation of the shear walls is then carried out by Finite element modeling and also by macro modeling considering the coupled shear and flexure behaviour. The shear response is estimated by softened truss theory using the concrete model given by Vecchio and Collins (1994) with a modification in softening part of the model and flexure response is estimated using moment curvature relationship. The accuracy of modeling is validated by comparing the simulated response with experimental one. Moreover, based on the experimental work a multi-linear hysteretic model is proposed for short shear walls. Finally ultimate load, drift, ductility, stiffness reduction and failure pattern of the shear walls are studied in details and hysteretic energy dissipation along with damage index are evaluated.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 인도 수출용 옥수수의 품종육성을 위하여 인도 현지에서 수집한 다양한 옥수수의 계통과 품종에 대한 내습성 실험을 수행하였다. 실험대상은 총 20종의 인도수집 옥수수 계통 및 품종과 국내시판종인 광평옥과 찰옥수수를 이용하였다. 내습성검정을 위하여 하우스 내에 물웅덩이를 설치하고 화분에서 재배한 대조구와 화분을 침수시킨 침수처리구로 구분하여 2주간 재배한 후 초장의 길이를 비교한 결과 일반구에 대한 침수구의 비율이 높은 H2(92.9%), H18(88.8%), CN114A(98.1%), CN351A(94.3%), Super900M(95.3%), P3394(98.8%), 31N27(96.7%) 등은 비교적 내습성이 강한 것으로 나타났으며 반면에 H1(78.9%), H8(73.4%), H10(77.1%), H19(79.0%), H26(74.1%), H31(75.7%), H34(77.5%), H36(77.4%), H40(74.6%) 등은 침수시 많은 수분스트레스를 받는 것으로 사려된다. 침수상태의 옥수수 잎으로부터 엽록소a, 엽록소b 및 cartenoids의 함량을 측정하여 대조구와 비교함으로서 침수상태에서 얼마나 많은 엽록소와 cartenoids가 감소되었는지 검정해보니 상기 결과와 동일한 결과를 도출하였다. 특히 H36($7.249ug{\cdot}mg^{-1}$)과 H40($7.642ug{\cdot}mg^{-1}$)의 경우 엽록소a의 함량이 침수시 급감함을 보여주었다. 반면에 인도시판종인 37N27($0.630ug{\cdot}mg^{-1}$)과 P3394($1.208ug{\cdot}mg^{-1}$)는 가장 적은 함량의 변화를 나타내어 우수한 품종임을 알 수 있었다. cartenoids의 함량감소는 엽록체 a의 함량변화와 비례하며 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

Objectives: Selaginella bryopteris L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) of Selaginella bryopteris. Methods: An acute oral toxicity study of Selaginella bryopteris at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)- induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear's weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in inflammation, such as tumour necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Indomethacine ($0.5mg/20{\mu}L$) was used for the positive control. Results: Selaginella bryopteris produced no mortalities when administered orally at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg bw. Topical treatment with the non-polar methanolic fraction ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) significantly suppressed redness ($2.4{\pm}0.5$) and edema ($30.4{\pm}1$) and effectively reduced the LPO level ($32.3{\pm}3.3$). The NO level was ($8.07{\pm}0.55$), and the $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 levels were decreased to $69.6{\pm}15.5$, $7.7{\pm}4.8$ and $82.6{\pm}5.9$, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of medicinal plants like Selaginella bryopteris and quantified the pharmacological interactions between them. The present study showed this herbal product to be a promising anti-inflammatory phytomedicine for the treatment of patients with inflammatory skin diseases.