• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study examined the distribution dynamics and proposed determinants, including morphological measurements, clinical laboratory tests, and lifestyle factors among young Korean men aged 20 to 29 years with the coexistence of age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity (CALSMO). METHODS: Six hundred and sixty-six participants were divided into two groups based on their skeletal muscle mass index, with 12 individuals categorized in the CALSMO group and the remaining 654 in the normal group. The proposed determinants variables consisted of three main components: morphological measurements, clinical laboratory tests, and lifestyle factors. The morphological measurement variables were height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and skeletal muscle mass index. The clinical laboratory tests were fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The lifestyle factors considered were alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Complex sampling analysis was performed for the evaluation. RESULTS: The distribution dynamics were determined to be 1.81(1.02-3.18) %. Morphological factors, such as height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and skeletal muscle mass index, showed significant differences (p < .05). The clinical laboratory test variables, specifically the fasting glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels, also exhibited significant differences (p < .05). The lifestyle factor, alcohol consumption, also showed a significance (p < .05). CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the distribution dynamics. The proposed determinants in young Korean individuals with CALSMO are height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and alcohol consumption.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.176-189
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• 2017

Age estimation and sexual dimorphism of Coreoleuciscus splendidus were estimated using otolith, length-frequency distribution and 23 morphological measurements, from 245 individuals collected from September 2016, February and April 2017 in the Gapyeong stream, Han River, Korea. Result of age estimation of C. splendidus, we most examined were 2, 3 and 4-age, and the maximum observed ages were 5-age. Nine out of twenty-three morphometric measurements were significantly different between the genders. Anal fin have showing major sexual dimorphism in particular between adult individuals. This sexual dimorphism was based on extension of anal fin soft rays of male individuals. Therefore anal fin of males is always longer and wider than females. During spawning season male individuals possess nuptial tubercles on anal fin rays. However, another measurements and morphological characters does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in the between male and female individuals. The sexual dimorphism was observed to only over 2-years old individuals with sexual maturity. But juvenile and 1-years old individuals do not have sexual dimorphism with sexual maturity. Peak season of spawning was April to May and they start first spawning at 2-age. The ages at major spawning groups were most 3-age, and they maximum GSI index was 14.91 (female), 8.96 (male) at 5-age, respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.4 s.48
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• pp.665-676
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to observe the longitudinal changes in BMI (Body Mass Index) of obese and non-obese 3rd. grade high school students in Seoul for 12 years and to see the trends of overt weight gain in obese adolescents. The results are as follows; 1. The average annual increasing rates of body mass Indices in male students were $1.14kg/m^2$ in obese group and $0.59kg/m^2$ in non-obese group. In female students, the average annual increasing rates of body mass indices were $0.93kg/m^2$ in obese group and $0.53kg/m^2$ in non-obese group. 2. The change rate of BMI for 12 years was significantly higher in obese group than non-obese group. 3. Puberty had less influence on the change rate of BMI in obese group compared to non-obese group. 4. In obese group, 71.8% of the variance in BMI at 17 can be predicted by BMI at 16 years in male students. In female students 44.4% can be predicted by BMI at age 16. 5. Among the 17-year-old obese students, 58.8% of the males and 56.2% of females were found not to have been obese at 7 years of age. 6. Among the 17-year-old obese students, those who were obese at 7 years of age were found to have higher BMI at later ages than those who were in the non-obese group. Obese adolescents were more likely to be obese in their childhood than non-obese group. There was no optimal age for the significant weight gain and the increasing rate of BMI was constantly higher in obese group than in non-obese group. Due to the fact that child obesity in early age contributes to obesity in adolescence, close observation is advised. On the other hand, a large proportion of obese adolescents can be preventable by early interventions, because about 50% of obese adolescents were not obese in early elementary school age.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.7-16
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• 1966

In order to determine the factors related to site quality, 13 areas of Larch growing in the Kwangung and its vicinity forest as sample plots, were examined. Sample plots included various site classes as well as age classes. Three were divided into two groups (major and minor trees). Average height of dominant trees was determined through messurement of 5 to 6 dominant tree in each sample plots. Average height of dominant 30 year-old trees was the basis for site index. A Standard Yield Table for the larch produced in Kwangnung forest was made by various data, which included age class 5, ranging from 10 to 45 years. The relationship of the height of the trees, the site conditions, and ground vegetation are investigated in this paper. The site indexes of 40 forest class age in 28-B and 28-G forest classes of the larch associations for ground vegetation had comparatively rarge differences due to the sampled areas. The relation of the direction of forest communities to the height and the diameter of the tree shwoed that its communiteis of northest and northwest parts appeared higher valueof the height and the diameter. The diameter and the height of trees were closely realted to each other. The samller the occupied area per tree and the smaller the average distance among trees, the more density was increased. The larger the density was the lower height of the trees. In the ground vegetation of the larch communities, there seems to be a definite correlation between the height of trees and the occupied area per tree or the average distance among the trees. The height of trees and site index of two larch communities were as follow: 28-B forest class site index 20.8, height 24.0m, 28-G forest class site index 18.4, height 20.9m. The ground layer was analyzed by the method of Quadrat(20/20sq. cm) with an interval of 1M. It set up 40 Quadrats of the larch communiteis. The community structure of the ground vegetation of two larch was analyzed, and important value was calculated and then evaluated. The ground vegetation under the larch had developed Burmannii Beauv stratal society below the 28-B and 28-G the forest class. Accordingly, the first important value of Burmannii Beauv was found in two ground vegetation below the larch. Therefore, this species could be quantitatively considered as the forest indicator species. Common species of each community appeared 18 species out of 34 species in the ground vegetation under two larch communities. The ground vegetation of the 28-B forest class showed more than that of the 28-G forest class. the similarity of the ground vegetation was measrued by the Frequency Index Community Coefficient. The differences between the associations were lcearly manifested by the ground vegetation tested by Gleason's Frequency Index of Community Coefficient for the analysis of each stratal society of all associations. According to F.I.C.C. the ground vegetation under two larch(28-B and 28-G) forest classes showed higher value. An investigation into the relationship of physical and chemical properties of soil and site was considered the next step to be taken in the study of the larch site classification.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of drinking, smoking, and obesity indices on cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors in Korean young men. Methods: The subjects were 234 young men, aged 20 to 39 years. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), body fat mass (kg), and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured as obesity indices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured as cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SAS 9.4. Results: Statistically significant factors were BMI for SEP; age, degree of drinking, body fat mass for DBP; WHR for TC; WHR and age for TG; age, degree of smoking and PBF for HDL-C; WHR, age and degree of smoking for LDL-C. Conclusion: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in cardio-cerebrovascular disease prevention programs for young men.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was to determine the relationship between age and the mandibular cortical bone thickness on panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods : Panoramic radiographs of 360 patients (180 men and 180 women) over 20 years old, who visited the Chonbuk National University Hospital from January to December in 2007, were assessed. The subjects were divided into 5 age groups. Five indices such as cortical bone thickness at the gonion (GI), antegonion (AI), and below the mental foramen (MI), the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular cortical index (MCI) were measured on panoramic radiographs. Results : All five indices including GI, AI, MI, PMI, and MCI showed significant differences between third decade and over 8 decade groups (p<0.05). PMI, MI and GI showed significant differences with gender statistically (p<0.05). Conclusion : The mandibular cortical bone thickness showed negative correlation with age, and the value of the thickness (PMI, MI, and GI) was greater in men than in women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2012

According to the Korea National Statistical Office data in 2010, the population over ages of 65 years would possess to 11.3% whole population of Korea in 2011 denoting Korea is already in the aging society. Old age is associated with inevitable time-dependent losses in physical capabilities. However the maintenance of physical capabilities is essential for continuing independence in old age. The work ability index(WAI) was constructed to reveal how well a worker is able to perform his work. This study focused on the discovery of an industrial and age-related influences on the work ability and job stress of workers in the shipbuilding, house managing, apartment construction industry. For this, the study conducted a job stress test using the Korean Occupational Stress Questionnaire Short Form, and employee performance evaluations using the Work Ability Index (WAI) of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) on 3,228 workers in the shipbuilding, house managing and apartment construction industry. SPSS 12.0 K statistics program was used for statistics analysis and significance was verified with the Kruskal-Wallis test, a corporate body of nonparametric statistical analysis. As a result, employee performance had significant differences, depending on age, an industrial and years of service. The mean WAI score of the shipbuilding industry was lower than that of the other industry. Additionally, it was found that employee work ability decreased more as job stress increased.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether panoramic radiographs were useful in predicting osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: 50 postmenoposal women between the age of 41.8 and 78.5 were classified as normal and osteoporosis groups according to the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae. Panoramic radiographs were taken. Age, body mass index, remaining mandibular teeth, mandibular cortical thickness and morphology, and fractal dimensions at periapical areas of mandibular first molars were evaluated to differentiate the two groups. Results: The age of osteoporotic group was statistically significantly higher than that of normal group (p<0.05), but not the body mass index or number of remaining mandibular teeth. The mean fractal dimension of osteoporotic group was $1.391{\pm}0.085$, and was significantly lower than that of the normal group, which was $1.523{\pm}0.725$ (p<0.01). Thick mandibular cortical thickness was common in normal group, whereas thin or very thin mandibular cortical thickness was common in osteoporotic group and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). C2 pattern was common in normal group followed by C1, whereas C2 was common in osteoporotic group followed by C3. The difference was statistically significant (p< 0.0 1). Conclusion: Age, mandibular cortical thickness and shape, fractal dimension on panoramic radiographs were useful in predicting osteoporosis.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2021

Diabetes is mainly evaluated by fasting blood sugar. The genetic and environmental factors influence the development of type 2 diabetes. In this study, the relationship between diabetes and family history of diabetes in Koreans was analyzed in consideration of body mass index and age. The study subjects were 4,274 subjects who received a medical examination at a university hospital. The main statistical analysis method was multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition, subjects were analyzed by dividing them by gender and the median of age and body mass index. Diabetes prevalence was 8.9% of all subjects, and subjects with a family history of diabetes were 14.5%. The risk of diabetes was 2.80 times higher in subjects with a family history of diabetes than subjects without a family history of diabetes. In addition, in younger subjects, the risk of diabetes was 3.36 times higher in subjects with a family history of diabetes compared with subjects without a family history of diabetes. In this study, the family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes. The relationship between family history of diabetes and diabetes was slightly higher in the younger group than in the older group. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between diabetes and family history of diabetes, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2022

Purpose: Rib fractures are common injuries that can lead to morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data on all patients with rib fractures admitted to a single trauma center between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018 were reviewed. Results: A total of 1,671 admissions for rib fracture were examined. Patients' median age was 57 years, the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 14, and the median number of fractured ribs was three. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. Age, the number of rib fractures, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were poor predictors of mortality, while the ISS was a slightly better predictor, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.58, and 0.74, respectively. Multivariate regression showed that age, ISS, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, but not the number of rib fractures, were associated with significantly elevated adjusted odds ratios for mortality (1.03, 1.14, and 1.28, respectively). Conclusions: Age, ISS, and comorbidities were independently associated with the risk of mortality; however, they were not accurate predictors of death. The factors associated with rib fracture mortality are complex and cannot be explained by a single variable. Interventions to improve outcomes must be multifaceted.