• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.108-120
• /
• 2004

Object : Patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism have various causes and clinical features. So, it is difficult to find a satisfactory treatment method functionally and esthetically. Every traditional classification and interpretation to find etiopathogenesis and/or to establish ideal surgical modality has many limitations because it can't be applied simply to various conditions of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism. Therefore, we employ a new classification to interpret more details of the morphologic change of mandible and the spatial change of mandible and maxilla. Materials and Methods : Using panoramic X-ray films, PA cephalograms and submentovertex films of 126 patients diagnosed with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism as resources, the following results were gathered after analyzing each characteristics through distributing the patterns according to the morphological mandibular asymmetry and mandibular and maxillary spatial asymmetry. Results : Almost frequency of morphological mandibular asymmetry was shown. In case of condyle-ramus elongation and body elongation group, it's frequency was the highest. Higher frequency of compensating vertical growth was shown on the side of over growing maxilla in case of vertical length difference between left and right condyle-ramus. On the other hand, higher frequency of no compensating vertical growth difference between left and right side was shown in case of no vertical length difference in condyle-ramus. Spatial mandibular asymmetry generally occurred when there was no morphological mandibular asymmetry. Correlation between condyle length difference and condyle-ramus length difference between left and right side was very high, but correlation between condyle length difference and body length difference, and correlation between condyle length difference and body vertical length difference was low. Conclusion : In case of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism, it is suggested that various pattern of facial asymmetry is occurred by the independent growth of each unit rather than dependent growth of other unit by major growth unit abnormality. Due to the untypical pattern and the various asymmetry occurring according to the changes of each mandibular growth unit, it is considered that an appropriate surgical method should be searched based on the accurate recognition of the each pattern for patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.581-594
• /
• 2013

집단축차설계법은 중간분석을 실시하여 임상시험용 의약품의 유효성 또는 무용성이 조기에 발견되면 임상시험을 조기에 종료할 수 있는 시험설계법이다. 적응적 설계법은 중간분석 결과를 이용하여 시험설계를 변경하거나, 확률적으로 독립인 두개의 임상시험 결과를 결합하는 등 다양한 적응법으로 임상시험의 설계를 수정할 수 있는 시험설계법이다. 집단축차설계법과 적응적 설계법에서 주요하게 고려할 점은, 시험 전체적으로 제1종 오류를 적절히 분배하고 통제하여 임상시험 전체의 일관성을 유지하도록 하는 것이다. 반복측정자료 또는 경시적자료의 통계적 모형이 고려되는 경우에는 통계적 추론이 더욱 복잡하고 어려워진다. Lee 등 (2002)에서는 반복측정치를 가지는 임상시험에서 집단축차설계에서 미리 정한 기준에 의하여 임상시험이 종료된 후, 독립증분과 단계적 순서관계를 고려한 신뢰구간 추정법을 제안한 바 있다. 본 연구는 Lee 등 (2002)를 적응적 설계로 확장하였다. 적응법을 실시한 전과 후의 임상시험을 확률적으로 독립인 관계로 정의하는 검정통계량을 유도하여 적응적 집단축차검정법이 가능하게 하였다. 또한, 임상시험이 종료된 후 단계적 순서관계를 고려한 신뢰구간 추정법을 제안하였으며, 모의실험을 통하여 그 안정성을 확인하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
• /
• 제13D권2호
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 CE(Consumer Electronics) 제품을 개발하는 기업에서 소프트웨어 재사용의 향상을 위하여 기업 내에서 추진한 여러 사례들을 기반으로 소프트웨어 재사용에 대한 기반을 구축하고, 이를 개발 조직에 적용하면서 발생한 문제점의 도출과 개선점의 반영에 대해 논한다. 기업내에서의 재사용 기반을 구축하기 위해서는 기술적, 관리적, 개발환경의 측면이 모두 고려된 종합적인 접근 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 기술적 측면에서 개발 방법론을, 관리적 측면에서 재사용 메트릭을, 그리고 개발환경의 측면에서 재사용 저장소를 개발하고 운영한 사례를 논하며, 각각을 적용하면서 발생한 문제점을 분석하여 기업에서 보다 효과적인 재사용 기반을 구축하는 개선사례를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 다루는 재사용 활동의 대상은 개발대상 측면에서 내장 소프트웨어라는 특성, 조직적 측면에서 다앙한 제품을 다루는 수십 개의 각기 다른 개발영역과 조직구조를 가진 대규모 조직이라는 특성, 그리고 제품 개발 주기가 매우 짧으며 동일 제품에 대한 파생 제품이 동시에 다량으로 개발된다는 개발 환경의 특성에 기반하고 있다. 본 논문은 상기 분야에 대한 소프트웨어 재사용 현황에 대한 보고서로, 또한 이로부터 기업 내 재사용 기반을 개선하는 사례와 그 방안을 제시한다는 측면에서의 활용도가 있겠다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate any clinical studies regarding rhinitis published by the Korean Oriental Medical Society and its sub-societies for future rigorous clinical research. Methods: Every article relevant to rhinitis was initially obtained from journals of the Korean Oriental Medical Society and its sub-societies by electronic search at journal web sites or manual searches. Journals were limited to those registered with the Korea Research Foundation. From initial findings, two independent reviewers selected clinical articles and these articles were further analyzed separately by predefined criteria according to prospective and retrospective studies. For prospective studies, quality assessment was also conducted. Results: From 36 initially obtained articles, 17 were finally analyzed. 2 articles were randomized controlled studies, 6 articles were prospective whereas 9 were retrospective. In the prospective articles, there were no randomized controlled trials and the other non-randomized studies had no control group with several problems of quality regarding pre-calculated study size and unbiased assessment. None of the retrospective studies described rhinitis diagnosis objectively and outcome measures were either non-relevant to rhinitis or non-validated. Conclusions: Further well-designed randomized controlled studies for rhinitis are mandatory and more rigorous non-randomized controlled studies should be conducted.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2010

Background: Auricular acupressure is one of the traditional health care treatments in oriental medicine. Approximately, 30~40% of the cancer patients have said to be suffering from insomnia and half of them having chronic and severe insomnia at the same time. Insomnia caused cancer patients feel more pain, fatigue, depression and anxiety and it sometimes let the power to have the best of cancer pull down. Objective: To investigate how effective the auricular acupressure treatment to cancer patients suffering from insomnia. Methods: We recruited participants from East-West Cancer Center of Daejeon University. Finally, of the people whose age range from 20 to 75, 12 patients who got less than 40 points from the score of Oh's sleeping score (OSS) were recruited. Single-blind, randomized pilot study was performed. The treatment group received auricular acupressure treatment (AAT) on active points and the control group had received sham acupressure treatment (SAT) for five times. Sleep parameters were checked by using OSS and numeric rating scale (NRS). We checked the scale everytime, both before and after treatment. We analyzed the data statistically by using independent T-test, paired T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. (p<0.05) Results: Twelve cancer patients participated in this pilot study and there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. Only 7 of them had completed the whole treatment process, 4 patients of AAT group and 3 participants of SAT. The OSS of AAT group had increased from $34.0{\pm}4.3$ to $39.5{\pm}3.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $38.3{\pm}3.5$ to $40.0{\pm}0.0$. There was no significant difference between them. The NRS of AAT group had increased from $6.3{\pm}2.9$, $04.8{\pm}2.1$ and that of SAT group had increased from $7.0{\pm}1.0$ to $5.0{\pm}2.6$. No significant difference was observed between them. Conclusion: Although both groups did not show significant differences, most of the experimental participants showed increasing OSS and NRS after treatments. Significant participants' number will be needed in the next study.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.31-63
• /
• 2011

이 논문은 많은 비용의 부담없이 어느 후보가 당선될 것인지를 정확히 예측할 수 있는 방법을 찾기 위한 하나의 시도이다. 이 논문에서는 선거기간 동안에 각 후보들이 어느 정도의 득표율을 획득하고 있는지를 예측하기 위해 후보의 가시성, 현직자 효과, 지역 지배 정당효과, 부정 비리 효과, 사표 방지 효과, 중간 평가로서 견제 효과, 정책 효과 등을 독립변수로 삼아 회귀 모형을 만들어 유용한 득표율 예측 모형을 제시하고 있다. 제시된 모형은 득표율 = -4.65 + 1.02 가시성 + 16.90 현직 효과 + 16.78 지역 효과 - 9.12 견제 효과이다. 이 모형의 설명력은 91.2%이며, 다른 조건이 일정할 때 후보의 가시성이 득표율과 거의 같음을 보여준다. 또한 현직자가 16.9%의 후광 효과를, 지역 지배 정당 후보들이 16.8%의 지역 효과를 얻고 있으며, 중간평가로서의 견제 효과 때문에 여당 후보들은 9.1%의 득표율 손실을 보고 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이 모형은 큰 비용의 부담없이 선거 기간 동안 후보자들의 득표율 예측에 활용될 수 있다. 이 이외에도 이 논문은 예측의 정확도를 높이기 위한 각 변수들의 측정 방법들 및 이 모형의 한계점 등을 논의하고 있다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.759-771
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The aim of study is the comparison of effect in oral health education frequency and contents for elementary school students from a part of community child center to run and suggest a practical and effective oral health promotion program for local community child center. Methods : The program has been running for 4 trials in G district in Seoul and 2 trials has been conducted in S city in Gyung gi province. The comparison was done in independent samples test of awareness, knowledge and behavior of children of community child center in both G district and S City and paired t-test was conducted before and after oral health promotion program to find out those same 3 items. Results : As a result, after the comparison of plaque control score of Oral health promotion program frequency, significantly better result was show in 4 trial program with 55.3 score(p<0.05), No significant result of plaque control score was shown in 2 trail program(p>0.05). Conclusions : As a result of the Oral Health Promotion program which has been conducted in 2 different session type, knowledge, awareness and behaviour has been changed, however, There were no significant difference between Oral health education frequency of those two different program. Also with the result of Plaque control score of those two programs were not satisfying level. Therefore, in conclusion, the management and operation of the Oral Health Promotion program is needed and it must be based on health promotion which it would change the behavior and attitude of the children.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.454-468
• /
• 2019

Background: Supporting the elderly population is presented as a social issue, and it affects age discrimination, which forms a negative perception and avoids the elderly. Since age discrimination lowers the quality of life of the elderly and hinders social unity, it may be important to research related factors. This study examined the physical function as a factor that influences discrimination experiences and aimed to identify the relationship between physical function factors and discrimination experiences. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 20,225 elderly from the 2014 and 2017 survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older persons, conducted nationwide among older than 65 years. Physical function factors are activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, sight discomfort, hearing discomfort, chewing discomfort, and leg strength as factors of interest. We performed multivariable logistic regression that reflected survey characteristics, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, health related factors, and social-support factors. Results: The number of elderly who faced discrimination experiences was 1,175 (5.8%). The results showed that the odds ratio of facing a discrimination experience in the dependent group was significantly higher compared to the independent group when being transferring out of the room (4.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-10.88) and difficulty in hearing (1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49). Even with respect to chewing ability, which was significant in models 1 and 2, they face more discrimination experiences (1.30; 95% CI, 1.11-1.53). Conclusion: These research results indicate that an important strategy for preventing age discrimination is to understand the physical function conditions of the elderly and promote the physical functions of the elderly related to transferring, hearing, and chewing; it is necessary to develop a practical intervention plan that considers these aspects.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.469-481
• /
• 2019

Background: As South Korea is becoming an aged society very rapidly, the increase in osteoarthritis prevalence raises various public health issues in this country. This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic factors associated with osteoarthritis in the current Korean elderlies. Methods: Using the National Survey of Korean Elderly data (2014, 2017), we analyzed 20,326 elderlies (males, 8,248; females, 12,078) and conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses by sex. The dependent variable is whether a participant was diagnosed with osteoarthritis or not. Independent variables of interest is socio-demographic factors such as age, marital status, household type, residential area, household income, religion, the longest job, the number of close relatives, the number of close friends, and survey year. Control variables are various health behavioral factors and disease-related factors. Results: Prevalence of osteoarthritis was 19.2% in male elderlies and 47.0% in female elderlies. According to the results of the multivariate logistic regression adjusted for all studied control variables, the odds ratio (OR) for having osteoarthritis of under-elementary school graduates (their counterpart was college graduate group) was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.52) in males and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.12-2.47) in females. The OR of those having a job in agriculture & forestry fishery as their longest job (their counterpart was those who had never participated in labor force during their lifetime) was 5.07 (95% CI, 1.46-17.58) in males and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.27-1.74) in females. In males, the second-low quartile group in household yearly income (their counterpart was the highest quartile group) had the OR of 1.22 (95% CI, 0.98-1.53). In females, the OR of those having a religion of Buddhism (their counterpart was those having no religion) was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07-1.35) and the OR of those who had no relatives (their counterpart was those having more than 3 close relatives) was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.10-1.56). Conclusion: This study found that in Korean elderlies, education, the longest job, household income, religion, and the number of close relatives are associated with their suffering from osteoarthritis. Further study and designing appropriate interventions are needed to alleviate current and future individual and socioeconomic burdens of osteoarthritis in an aged society like South Korea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2013

Objectives : This study was accomplished to investigate the effects of venesection with cupping therapy at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) on the heart rate variability(HRV) in healthy adults. And based on that, we tried to find out how venesection with cupping therapy at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) affects the activity and the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 60 healthy volunteers consisted of 30 subjects in venesection with cupping therapy group and 30 subjects in control group. The study was established by randomized trial. venesection with cupping therapy was applied at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) for 10 minutes in venesection with cupping therapy group. No treatment was executed in control group. We measured HRV 3 times : First, baseline measurement and two more times after treatment in venesection with cupping therapy group(after rest in control group). The SPSS 12.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data by paired t-test(in both group), independent-test(between the groups) and Chi-square test(between the sexs). Results : 1. In venesection with cupping therapy group, SDNN, Ln(TP), Ln(LF), Normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio increased significantly. Normalized HF decreased significantly. Mean HRT, RMSSD, PSI, Ln(HF), and Ln(VLF) were not affected. 2. In control group, Ln(HF) decreased significantly. Mean HRT, SDNN, RMSSD, PSI, Ln(TP), Ln(LF), Ln(VLF), Normalized LF, Normalized HF, and LF/HF ratio were not affected. Conclusions : This study suggests that venesection with cupping therapy at Jeonjung($CV_{17}$) increases the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has effects on the balance of the autonomic nervous system.